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Equine Veterinary Journal Jul 1984New developments in therapy for foals in respiratory distress are discussed. Therapy is based on preservation of the foal's life by maintenance of a patent airway,... (Review)
Review
New developments in therapy for foals in respiratory distress are discussed. Therapy is based on preservation of the foal's life by maintenance of a patent airway, resuscitation with fluids and warmth, provision of humidified oxygen to raise the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen sufficient to avoid hypoxia and provision of ventilatory support when hypercapnia becomes critical. Ventilatory support described includes assisted and controlled ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent mandatory ventilation. The aims of these techniques are discussed together with their associated indications, disadvantages and complications. Secondary therapy includes coupage, airway hygiene, drug therapy and stress management. Knowledge of equine neonatology is limited in comparison with human neonatology. More information in basic physiology and pharmacology relating to equine neonatology is needed and the efficacy of various modes of therapy must be evaluated.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Hypoventilation; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Respiratory Therapy; Resuscitation
PubMed: 6383814
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01935.x -
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) Oct 2006Respiratory failure as a result of overload and/or reduced capacity of the respiratory muscles is the most common cause of unsuccessful weaning and the need for long... (Review)
Review
Respiratory failure as a result of overload and/or reduced capacity of the respiratory muscles is the most common cause of unsuccessful weaning and the need for long term mechanical ventilation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common underlying cause leading into long term mechanical ventilation. The most important clinical parameter for fatigue of the respiratory muscles is the rapid shallow breathing index. Other essential factors which impact weaning failure, are the underlying diseases (e. g. neuromuscular disease or heart failure), micro- and macro aspiration, malnutrition, anemia and obesity. A protocol based strategy to discontinue mechanical ventilation and the use of weaning predictors are helpful. Nonetheless the experienced physician is irreplacable in the weaning process. Reconditioning of the respiratory muscles is the main focus during weaning after long term mechanical ventilation and all therapeutic measures should be targeted to unload the fatiguing respiratory muscles. With the widely used assisted ventilation modes, the inspiratory work of breathing is still significantly increased. Only controlled mechanical ventilation (pressure- or volume controlled), which may also be applied to unsedated patients when individually adapted, offers the best possible relief and recovery of the respiratory muscles. Additional strategies, such as the balancing of anemia, reduction of the respiratory drive with i. e. morphine derivates, oxygen therapy during spontaneous-breathing trials and supine position for patients with obesity contribute to the recovery. Particularly patients with chronic lung diseases with hypercapnia benefit from the use of non invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation to prevent postextubation failure and even after tracheostomy. However, NIV should only be applied under close monitoring and in cooperative patients, always considering the limits of the method. Dying under mechanical ventilation in the end stage illness is still a challenge for all involved persons. In the end stage of their disease for some patients it is possible to discontinue mechanical ventilation so they can spend the last period of their lives on a normal ward or even at home.
Topics: Humans; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Therapy; Ventilator Weaning
PubMed: 17043978
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-932215 -
Nursing Times
Topics: Auscultation; Blood Gas Analysis; Dyspnea; Humans; Lung Volume Measurements; Nursing Assessment; Respiration; Respiratory Therapy; Work of Breathing
PubMed: 11933787
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Care Jun 2013
Topics: Clinical Competence; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Therapy; Transportation of Patients; Ventilator Weaning
PubMed: 23709191
DOI: No ID Found -
Pulmonology 2019
Topics: Home Care Services; Humans; Patient Participation; Portugal; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Therapy
PubMed: 31564615
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.08.003 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 1979
Topics: Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Respiratory Therapy
PubMed: 471013
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM197909203011220 -
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin... Apr 2014Qualified respiratory therapists have been an integral part of the U.S. health care system for over 50 years now and are an indispensable part of the system. Respiratory...
Qualified respiratory therapists have been an integral part of the U.S. health care system for over 50 years now and are an indispensable part of the system. Respiratory therapy involves the entire respiratory system and should not to be confused with breathing therapy. The latter includes only certain breathing techniques. Since 2005, the German Respiratory Society also offers nurses and physiotherapists training in respiratory therapy. The core competencies of the numerous intensive care respiratory therapists employed in German intensive care units include, among others, the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic respiratory failure, including invasive and non-invasive respiratory therapy, excessive secretion management, including bronchoscopic airway clearance, and inhalation therapy.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Cooperative Behavior; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Germany; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Interdisciplinary Communication; Patient Care Team; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Therapy
PubMed: 24799316
DOI: 10.1007/s00063-014-0362-3 -
Respiratory Care Aug 1976
Topics: Evaluation Studies as Topic; History, 20th Century; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiratory Therapy
PubMed: 10314747
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Care May 2001The need for respiratory care services continues to increase, reimbursement for those services has decreased, and cost-containment measures have increased the frequency... (Review)
Review
The need for respiratory care services continues to increase, reimbursement for those services has decreased, and cost-containment measures have increased the frequency of home health care. Respiratory therapists are well qualified to provide home respiratory care, reduce misallocation of respiratory services, assess patient respiratory status, identify problems and needs, evaluate the effect of the home setting, educate the patient on proper equipment use, monitor patient response to and complications of therapy, monitor equipment functioning, monitor for appropriate infection control procedures, make recommendations for changes to therapy regimen, and adjust therapy under the direction of the physician. Teamwork benefits all parties and offers cost and time savings, improved data collection and communication, higher job satisfaction, and better patient monitoring, education, and quality of life. Respiratory therapists are positioned to optimize treatment efficacy, maximize patient compliance, and minimize hospitalizations among patients receiving respiratory home care.
Topics: Health Services Needs and Demand; Home Care Services; Humans; Patient Care Team; Quality of Health Care; Respiratory Therapy; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 11309187
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Therapy 1979
Topics: History, 20th Century; Hospital Departments; Humans; New York; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Respiratory Therapy; Respiratory Therapy Department, Hospital; Societies; United States
PubMed: 10297354
DOI: No ID Found