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The Journal of the Oklahoma State... Feb 1969
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 5788947
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Pediatrics Nov 1984
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Combined Modality Therapy; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 6534882
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and... 1999The management of retinoblastoma has gradually changed over the past few decades. There is a trend away from enucleation and external beam radiotherapy toward focal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The management of retinoblastoma has gradually changed over the past few decades. There is a trend away from enucleation and external beam radiotherapy toward focal conservative treatments. This is primarily because of earlier detection of the disease and more focused treatment modalities. Enucleation is still employed for retinoblastoma that fills most of the eye, especially when there is a concern for tumor invasion into the optic nerve or choroid. After enucleation, an integrated orbital implant, provides improved motility and appearance of the prosthesis. External beam radiotherapy continues to be an important method of treating less advanced retinoblastoma, especially when there is diffuse vitreous or subretinal seeding. Plaque radiotherapy is useful for controlling small- to medium-sized retinoblastomas, even those with focal vitreous seeds. Tumors that recur after failure of other methods are often suitable for plaque treatment. When plaque radiotherapy is employed in a child receiving chemotherapy, eventual radiation retinopathy can occur. Cryotherapy and photocoagulation provide excellent control of selected small tumors. Advanced laser delivery systems, particularly those that have been adapted to the indirect ophthalmoscope, have facilitated the visualization for treatment of tumors. Thermotherapy is the newest focal method for retinoblastoma. When combined with chemotherapy, thermotherapy provides satisfactory tumor control, leaving the child with a reasonably small scar, thus preserving more vision. Chemoreduction, using intravenous or subconjunctival routes, is often employed to reduce initial tumor volume and thus allow for focal treatment to eradicate the residual smaller tumor. Many children with advanced retinoblastoma can be spared external beam radiotherapy and enucleation mostly as a result of chemoreduction and focal methods. Chemoreduction combined with cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and plaque radiotherapy plays an important role in the current management of many children with retinoblastoma.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brachytherapy; Cryotherapy; Eye Enucleation; Humans; Laser Coagulation; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 9972509
DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-19990101-04 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Reference Standards; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 33120618
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3198_20 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2017Retinoblastoma is probably the only disease which received 40 different names until its official terminology which was adopted by the medical community in 1926. The...
Retinoblastoma is probably the only disease which received 40 different names until its official terminology which was adopted by the medical community in 1926. The official record of retinoblastoma was reported in 1597 by Petrus Pawius (ca. 1564-1617). The development of pathology during the 19th century gave to opportunity to clarify the histological characteristics of the disease. Although in the past retinoblastoma was considered a fatal disease, nowadays with modern treatment the prognosis is better.
Topics: Female; History, 16th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 29332360
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and... 2022To assess the efficacy and toxicity of Iodine-125 (I-125) plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma following intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC).
PURPOSE
To assess the efficacy and toxicity of Iodine-125 (I-125) plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma following intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC).
METHODS
Clinical records of patients with retinoblastoma who received I-125 plaque radiotherapy after IAC at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital between December 1, 2009 and April 30, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS
Forty-one retinoblastomas in 41 eyes of 41 patients were treated with I-125 plaque radiotherapy after IAC at a median age of 32 months. The indication for plaque radiotherapy was solid tumor recurrence with or without overlying subretinal/vitreous seeds (n = 33, 80%), subretinal seeds alone (n = 6, 15%), and vitreous seeds alone (n = 2, 5%). The median irradiated basal diameter and thickness was 9 and 4 mm, respectively. Mean radiation dose to tumor apex was 3,483 centigray (cGy) delivered at mean rate of 35 cGy/hr. The irradiated site was controlled in 39 eyes (95%) at a median of 20 months after plaque radiotherapy for solid tumor (31 of 33, 94%), subretinal (6 of 6,100%), and vitreous seeds (2 of 2, 100%). A subgroup of tumors occurring within an ischemic retinal/choroidal field was identified on fluorescein angiography (n = 24) and demonstrated control in 22 of 24 (92%). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, radiation complications at 2 years included vitreous hemorrhage (37%), retinopathy (28%), papillopathy (18%), and cataract (18%). Five eyes (12%) were enucleated for recurrence outside the irradiated area, chronic vitreous hemorrhage, and/or total retinal detachment.
CONCLUSIONS
Iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy provided 95% control for retinoblastoma tumors that failed IAC, including those in ischemic fields untreatable with further chemotherapy. Radiation complications should be anticipated in eyes exposed to substantial chemotherapy. .
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Iodine Radioisotopes; Retina; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Vitreous Hemorrhage
PubMed: 34928770
DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20210903-01 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 33120617
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1954_20 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology May 2011
Topics: Humans; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Survivors
PubMed: 21349941
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.190009 -
Community Practitioner : the Journal of... Mar 2014Retinoblastoma is very rare, with between 40 and 50 cases in the UK each year. However, delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to loss of vision or even death, while... (Review)
Review
Retinoblastoma is very rare, with between 40 and 50 cases in the UK each year. However, delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to loss of vision or even death, while with prompt treatment the outcome is much more positive. This article aims to provide community practitioners with the correct information about retinoblastoma, ensuring that babies and young children with retinoblastoma are identified at the first sign of the disease and are referred promptly. The article will examine the signs and symptoms of retinoblastoma, consider treatment options, present a case study and explore the role of the health visitor.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nurse's Role; Nurses, Community Health; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 24683888
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2014To review the progress made in understanding the genetic basis, molecular pathology, and treatment of retinoblastoma since the previous Jackson lecture on the topic was...
PURPOSE
To review the progress made in understanding the genetic basis, molecular pathology, and treatment of retinoblastoma since the previous Jackson lecture on the topic was published 50 years ago.
DESIGN
Perspective based on personal experience and the literature.
METHODS
The literature regarding retinoblastoma was reviewed since 1963. Advances in understanding the biology and treatment of retinoblastoma provided context through the author's clinical, pathologic, and research experiences.
RESULTS
Retinoblastoma was first identified in the 1500s and defined as a unique clinicopathologic entity in 1809. Until the mid-1900s, knowledge advanced sporadically, with technological developments of ophthalmoscopy and light microscopy, and with the introduction of surgical enucleation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. During the last 50 years, research and treatment have progressed at an unprecedented rate owing to innovations in molecular biology and the development of targeted therapies. During this time period, the retinoblastoma gene was discovered; techniques for genetic testing for retinoblastoma were developed; and plaque brachytherapy, chemoreduction, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and intraocular injections of chemotherapeutic agents were successfully introduced.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly all patients with retinoblastoma in developed countries can now be cured of their primary cancer--a remarkable achievement for a childhood cancer that once was uniformly fatal. Much of this success is owed to deciphering the role of the Rb gene, and the benefits of targeted therapies, such as chemoreduction with consolidation as well as intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapies. Going forward, the main challenge will be ensuring that access to care is available for all children, particularly those in developing countries.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma
PubMed: 25065496
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.025