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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Sep 1992
Review
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Mucorales; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Sinusitis
PubMed: 1527322
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(05)80020-x -
Mycopathologia Jun 2022
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mucormycosis; Rhizomucor
PubMed: 35179684
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00617-w -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Apr 2021Fungal infections are generally observed in immunosuppressed patients only, with a diagnostic challenge due to non-specific symptoms. For this reason, appropriate...
Fungal infections are generally observed in immunosuppressed patients only, with a diagnostic challenge due to non-specific symptoms. For this reason, appropriate management may be delayed. This case report concerns a 36-year-old man with history of pancreas and kidney transplantation. He had chemotherapy for post-transplant B-cell lymphoma and presented with left upper abdominal pain and fever. Multiple investigations led to a final diagnosis of disseminated abdominal mucormycosis with multiple abscesses in the liver, spleen and kidney transplant. Treatment was antifungal therapy and laparotomy with splenectomy, wedge resection of two fungal abscesses in segments II and IVb, and segmental left colic resection.
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Adult; Hepatectomy; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Liver Diseases; Male; Mucormycosis; Pancreas Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Rhizomucor; Splenectomy; Splenic Diseases
PubMed: 33682478
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7125 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022Long-term chemotherapy and immunosuppressants in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients can result in a high risk of opportunistic infections. is an opportunistic...
Long-term chemotherapy and immunosuppressants in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients can result in a high risk of opportunistic infections. is an opportunistic pathogen that exists in nature, but infection caused by is rare in the clinic. Notably, the sensitivity and detection time of conventional diagnostic tools for this fungus usually falls short of the needs of clinical diagnosis, resulting in treatment failure. Currently, metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has played an important role in the detection of pathogens. Here, we report a case of pneumonia in a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patient, detected by the mNGS method.
PubMed: 35965849
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S376045 -
Mycopathologia 2001Infections caused by zygomycetes, which have been increasing in recent years, are known for their difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Because little is known about... (Review)
Review
Infections caused by zygomycetes, which have been increasing in recent years, are known for their difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Because little is known about this fungus and its infection, vigorous research is now in serious demand. As in many other systemic mycoses, animal model studies are essential in the investigation of zygomycosis, particularly for the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, such studies have been limited when compared with those of aspergillosis. To help investigating the disease, here in this review article, the profile of human zygomycosis is briefly described, followed by a review of the heretofore used animal models of zygomycosis. Among clinically important zygomycetes causing human infection, animal models are available for Absidia corymbifera, Rhizopus oryzae, R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, Rhizomucor pusillus and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Mice are the most commonly used animals, but models using guinea pigs and rabbits are also available. Pretreatment of animals with cyclophosphamide, corticosteroid, alloxan or streptozocine is frequently done to create an immunocompromised state. Treatment with desferrioxamine, an iron chelator, is also used to make animal models. In terms of the route of infection, the airborne route is used for pathophysiological studies in pulmonary infection models, but sometimes intravenous injection is preferred, particularly for antifungal drug studies. When pathophysiological analysis is the purpose of the study, the animals must be cautiously examined both histopathologically and mycologically. For the most part, zygomycosis model studies can be performed in a similar manner to those of aspergillosis. However, Aspergillus spp. and zygomycetes are completely different fungi, and researchers should be aware of the specific, critical aspects when handling zygomycosis models, such as homogenization of infected organs and staining of pathological samples.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mice; Mucorales; Rabbits; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 11694096
DOI: 10.1023/a:1011900630987 -
Food Additives and Contaminants 1994The Rhizomucor miehei lipase enzyme expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, is used in the production of specialty fats, the production of existing fats from new raw materials,... (Review)
Review
The Rhizomucor miehei lipase enzyme expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, is used in the production of specialty fats, the production of existing fats from new raw materials, or new fats with improved nutritional or functional qualities. It is produced by A. oryzae containing the structural gene for the precursor of R. miehei triglyceride lipase. It was subjected to a series of toxicological tests to document the safety in use. The enzyme preparation was not found to be mutagenic either in bacterial cultures (Ames test) or in the mammalian cell cultures (mouse lymphoma assay), nor did it cause chromosomal damage (human lymphocyte assay). Dietary concentrations up to 1600 mg/kg diet for up to 13 weeks caused no adverse effect in rats. At higher concentrations there were effects upon food intake, possibly arising from some irritant property of the enzyme preparation in the diet at such high levels, with consequential effects upon bodyweight and energy metabolism. A minor effect upon renal function was indicated by increased kidney weight and changes in the urine. At 40,000 mg/kg diet the enzyme was considered to have exacerbated the onset of normally-occurring chronic myocarditis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Aspergillus oryzae; Female; Food Additives; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Humans; Kidney; Lipase; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Mucorales; Mutagenicity Tests; Myocarditis; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safety; Stomach; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 8181628
DOI: 10.1080/02652039409374207 -
Food Chemistry May 2021In this study, cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) were prepared through enzymatic interesterification of palm mid-fraction (PMF) with stearic acid (SA). The reaction...
Rhizomucor miehei lipase-catalysed synthesis of cocoa butter equivalent from palm mid-fraction and stearic acid: Characteristics and feasibility as cocoa butter alternative.
In this study, cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) were prepared through enzymatic interesterification of palm mid-fraction (PMF) with stearic acid (SA). The reaction process parameters were experimented and the performance of the product was analysed. PMF and stearic acid (at a mass ratio of 1:2) were catalysed by 80 g kg enzyme loading of Lipozyme RM IM fromRhizomucor mieheiat 60 °C for 120 min. The yield of the CBE product was more than 92%, and the CBE resembled cocoa butter (CB) in terms of its triacylglycerol composition. The hardness of the CBE product was higher than that of CB at different storage temperatures, but this difference was not obvious at 25 °C. The polymorphic structures and SFC curve of the CBE were similar to those of the CB. In addition, the CBE could be mixed with CB in any ratio without an obvious eutectic phenomena. Up to 40% CBE could be added to CB without significantly affecting the thermodynamic properties of CB. Thus, replacing CB with the CBE product is feasible.
Topics: Catalysis; Crystallization; Dietary Fats; Esterification; Feasibility Studies; Lipase; Palm Oil; Rhizomucor; Stearic Acids; Thermodynamics; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33129620
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128407 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2022Nowadays, breast milk is considered as the ideal food for infants owing to the most common oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid (OA-PA-OA) fatty acid distribution of the...
Immobilization of Rhizomucor miehei lipase on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes towards the synthesis of structured lipids rich in sn-2 palmitic acid and sn-1,3 oleic acid (OPO) for infant formula use.
Nowadays, breast milk is considered as the ideal food for infants owing to the most common oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid (OA-PA-OA) fatty acid distribution of the human milk fat (HMF). This study reports the synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmotoylglycerol (OPO)-rich human milk fat substitutes in a two-step enzymatic acidolysis reaction with Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) immobilized on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(mMWCNTs). The immobilized RML (RML-mMWCNTs) showed better thermal and pH stability, convenient recovery and reusability than the free soluble form. Under optimized reaction conditions (1:8 tripalmitin (PPP)/OA, 10%wt. enzyme, 50 °C, 5 h), PA content at the sn-2 position and OA incorporation at the sn-1,3 positions reached 93.46% and 59.54%, respectively. Comparison tests have also showed that RML-mMWCNTs has better catalytic activity and reusability than the commercial lipase Lipozyme RM IM. The results suggest that RML-mMWCNTs is a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of OPO-rich TAGs with potential use in infant formulas.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Lipase; Magnetic Phenomena; Milk, Human; Nanotubes, Carbon; Oleic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Rhizomucor; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35551020
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133171 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Apr 2004Zygomycosis is an invasive mycotic disease caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. Within this class, the most common species associated with infection include Absidia...
Zygomycosis is an invasive mycotic disease caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. Within this class, the most common species associated with infection include Absidia corymbifera, Apophysomyces elegans, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Rhizomucor pusillus, Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, and Rhizopus arrhizus. These fungi all produce characteristic hyphal forms in tissue that are variable in width, produce haphazard branching, and lack septation. Although these fungi are ubiquitous in the environment, they are opportunists causing invasive disease in compromised hosts with a high mortality even when aggressive antifungal therapy and surgical intervention are utilized. Clinically, the disease most often affects the sinus with or without pulmonary involvement; direct extension from sinuses into cerebral tissue is not uncommon. This article describes the general clinical features of zygomycosis, with an emphasis on management in the setting of immunosuppression.
PubMed: 16088464
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-824905 -
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Oct 2021The propeptide is a short sequence that facilitates protein folding. In this study, four highly active Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) mutants were obtained through...
The propeptide is a short sequence that facilitates protein folding. In this study, four highly active Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) mutants were obtained through saturation mutagenesis at three propeptide positions: Ser8, Pro35, and Pro47. The enzyme activities of mutants P35 N, P47 G, P47 N, and S8E/P35S/P47A observed at 40 °C, and pH 8.0 were 10.19, 7.53, 6.15, and 8.24 times of that wild-type RML, respectively. The S8E/P35S/P47A mutant showed good thermostability. After incubation at 40 °C for 1 h, 98.98 % of its initial activity remained, whereas wild-type RML retained only 78.76 %. This result indicated that the enhancement of hydrophilicity of 35- and 47- amino-acid residues could promote the interaction between the propeptide and the mature peptide and the enzyme activity and expression level. Highly conserved sites had a more significant impact on enzyme performance than did other sites, similar to the Pro35 and Pro47 mutants showed in this study. This study provides a new idea for protein modification: enzyme performance can be improved through propeptide regulation.
Topics: Lipase; Mutation; Protein Folding; Rhizomucor
PubMed: 34489029
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109870