-
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jul 2016Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of this yeast constitutes sources of microbiological... (Review)
Review
Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of this yeast constitutes sources of microbiological oils, and the whole pool of fatty acids is dominated by oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acid. Due to its composition, the lipids may be useful as a source for the production of the so-called third-generation biodiesel. These yeasts are also capable of synthesizing carotenoids such as β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin. Due to their health-promoting characteristics, carotenoids are commonly used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. They are also used as additives in fodders for livestock, fish, and crustaceans. A significant characteristic of R. glutinis is its capability to produce numerous enzymes, in particular, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). This enzyme is used in the food industry in the production of L-phenylalanine that constitutes the substrate for the synthesis of aspartame-a sweetener commonly used in the food industry.
Topics: Biofuels; Biomass; Carotenoids; Enzymes; Fatty Acids; Industrial Microbiology; Linoleic Acid; Oleic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; Rhodotorula; beta Carotene
PubMed: 27209039
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7611-8 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2001
Topics: Aged; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Meningitis, Fungal; Rhodotorula
PubMed: 11191228
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.1.410.2001 -
Journal of Biotechnology Apr 2021Single cell oils (SCO) are a promising source of oils that could be exploited in different industrial areas. SCO for biodiesel production circumvents the controversy...
Single cell oils (SCO) are a promising source of oils that could be exploited in different industrial areas. SCO for biodiesel production circumvents the controversy food vs. fuel, does not require large land areas for culture, and is independent of climate and seasonal variations, among other advantages in comparison to vegetable oils. In this study, a red yeast isolated from a mountain water source, identified as Rhodotorula glutinis T13, showed high potential for lipid production (40% w/w) with suitable growth parameters, yields, and fatty acids profile. Yeast lipids showed a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (56.44%; C18:1, C18:2), and the fuel properties (cetane number, iodine value, density, kinematic viscosity, etc.) of yeast oil analysed were in good agreement with international biodiesel standards. The results show that R. glutinis T13 can be used in the future as a promising microorganism for the commercial production of biodiesel.
Topics: Biofuels; Biomass; Fatty Acids; Lipids; Rhodotorula
PubMed: 33711359
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.002 -
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.... Dec 2002
Topics: Adult; Endophthalmitis; Eye Enucleation; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Rhodotorula; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 12516723
DOI: 10.1016/s0008-4182(02)80045-x -
International Ophthalmology May 1992
Topics: Adult; Corneal Stroma; Endothelium, Corneal; Eye Infections, Fungal; Eye Injuries; Humans; Keratitis; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Rhodotorula
PubMed: 1452424
DOI: 10.1007/BF00916440 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Tofu whey wastewater (TWW) is the wastewater of tofu processing, which is rich in a variety of nutrients. can make full use of TWW to ferment and reproduce yeast cells,...
BACKGROUND
Tofu whey wastewater (TWW) is the wastewater of tofu processing, which is rich in a variety of nutrients. can make full use of TWW to ferment and reproduce yeast cells, produce carotenoids and other nutrients, improve the utilization value of TWW, and reduce environmental pollution and resource waste.
METHODS
In this study, the nutrient composition changes of TWW treated by were analyzed to reformulate TWW medium, and the optimal composition and proportion of TWW medium that can improve the biomass and carotenoids production of were explored. Meanwhile, the liquid obtained under these conditions was used to prepare biological feed for laying hens, and the effect of growing on TWW as substrate on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens were verified.
RESULTS
The results showed that the zinc content of TWW after fermentation increased by 62.30%, the phosphorus content decreased by 42.31%, and the contents of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 increased to varying degrees. The optimal fermentation conditions of in the TWW medium were as follow: the initial pH was 6.40, the amount of soybean oil, glucose and zinc ions was 0.80 ml/L, 16.32 g/L, and 20.52 mg/L, respectively. Under this condition, the biomass of reached 2.23 g/L, the carotenoids production was 832.86 μg/g, and the number of effective viable yeast count was 7.08 × 10 cfu/ml. In addition, the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens fed biological feed were improved.
DISCUSSION
In this study, we analyzed the composition changes of TWW, optimized the fermentation conditions of in TWW medium, explored the influence of utilizing TWW on laying layers, and provided a new idea for the efficient utilization of TWW.
PubMed: 36908914
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1125720 -
Maedica Mar 2022is a widely distributed fungus that has evolved as an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals, causing fungemias, central nervous system...
is a widely distributed fungus that has evolved as an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals, causing fungemias, central nervous system infections, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and keratitis. Even though there are a few reports of skin and soft tissue infections caused by , all these cases involve immunocompromised individuals. is a Gram-positive bacterium known to cause several infections such as bloodstream, urinary tract and skin and soft tissue infections. We report a mixed and skin and soft tissue infection in a 63-year-old woman with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and no other known history of immunosuppression, suffering from skin and soft tissue infection of the right lower extremity. The patient did not respond to treatment with broad spectrum antimicrobials, but had a successful outcome with fluconazole, after was isolated from pus of the skin ulcer. The antifungal treatment led to eradication of the infection, while no recurrence was observed during a follow-up period of two years. Clinicians should be aware that can cause infection even in immunocompetent patients.
PubMed: 35733763
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.1.211 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022, as a member of the family , is of great value in the field of biotechnology. However, the evolutionary relationship of X-20 with , , and are not well understood, and...
, as a member of the family , is of great value in the field of biotechnology. However, the evolutionary relationship of X-20 with , , and are not well understood, and its metabolic pathways such as carotenoid biosynthesis are not well resolved. Here, genome sequencing and comparative genome techniques were employed to improve the understanding of X-20. Phytoene desaturase (crtI) and 15-cis-phytoene synthase/lycopene beta-cyclase (crtYB), key enzymes in carotenoid pathway from X-20 were more efficiently expressed in INVSc1 than in CEN.PK2-1C. High yielding engineered strains were obtained by using synthetic biology technology constructing carotenoid pathway in and optimizing the precursor supply after fed-batch fermentation with palmitic acid supplementation. Genome sequencing analysis and metabolite identification has enhanced the understanding of evolutionary relationships and metabolic pathways in X-20, while heterologous construction of carotenoid pathway has facilitated its industrial application.
PubMed: 35782944
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918240 -
Drug Delivery Dec 2019The potential advantages of recombinant microbes as oral drug carriers for curing diseases have attracted much attention. The use of recombinant oil microbes as living...
The potential advantages of recombinant microbes as oral drug carriers for curing diseases have attracted much attention. The use of recombinant oil microbes as living cell liposomes to carry polypeptide drugs may be an ideal polypeptide oral drug delivery system. GM4-ΔTS was constructed by LFH-PCR from Rhodotorula glutinis GM4, which was screened and preserved in our laboratory, and then transferred into choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CCT), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for lecithin synthesis. The results showed that the CCT gene was highly expressed in the GM4-ΔTS strain and could significantly increase fatty acid and lecithin contents in GM4-ΔTS-PGK1-CCT. Moreover, insulin, H22-LP, and α-MSH were successfully introduced into cells in vitro, and the strain no longer proliferated in vivo, for safe and controllable polypeptide drug delivery. In vivo, normal mice were intragastrically administered with recombinant strains carrying insulin and α-MSH, and different levels of polypeptide drugs were detected in serum and tissue, respectively. Then, recombinant strains carrying insulin were administered to type II diabetes mellitus mice. The results showed that the strains could effectively reduce blood glucose levels in mice, which indicated that the recombinant strains could carry insulin into the body, and the drug effect was remarkable. Therefore, recombinant GM4-ΔTS-PGK1-CCT strains were successfully used as living cell liposomes to carry insulin, H22-LP, and α-MSH peptides into the body for the first time; additionally, these strains have enhanced safety, controllability, and efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Carriers; Insulin; Liposomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peptides; Random Allocation; Rhodotorula
PubMed: 30744426
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551439 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2020PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) is important for secondary metabolite production in plants and microorganisms. There is broad interest in engineering PAL for its...
PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) is important for secondary metabolite production in plants and microorganisms. There is broad interest in engineering PAL for its biocatalytic applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The production of quantities of high-activity enzymes has been explored by gene cloning and heterogeneous expression of the corresponding protein. Here, we cloned the cDNA of PAL (PAL) and introduced codon optimization to improve protein expression in and enzyme activities . The PAL gene was cloned by reverse transcription and named -wt. It had a full-length of 2,121 bp and encoded a 706-amino-acid protein. The -wt was inefficiently expressed in , even when the expression host and physical conditions were optimized. Therefore, codon optimization was used to obtain the corresponding gene sequence, named -opt, in order to encode the same amino acid for the PAL protein. The recombinant protein encoded by -opt, named PAL-opt, was successfully expressed in and then purified to detect its enzymatic activity . Consequently, 55.33 ± 0.88 mg/L of PAL-opt protein with a specific activity of 1,219 ± 147 U/mg and value of 609 μM for substrate L-phenylalanine was easily obtained. The enzyme protein also displayed tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL)-specific activity of 80 ± 2 U/mg and value of 13.3 μM for substrate L-tyrosine. The bifunctional enzyme PAL/TAL (PAL-opt) and its easy expression advantage will provide an important basis for further applications.
PubMed: 33614604
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.610506