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Endocrinology Apr 1951
Topics: Animals; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Rats; Thyroid Gland; X-Rays
PubMed: 14831538
DOI: 10.1210/endo-48-4-365 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jan 1987The human evidence on radiation damage to the individual developing in utero is confined to mental impairment and carcinogenesis. New evidence is becoming available... (Review)
Review
The human evidence on radiation damage to the individual developing in utero is confined to mental impairment and carcinogenesis. New evidence is becoming available about levels of mental impairment of direct interest to radiological protection, but as yet no framework of understanding exists to allow quantitative predictions for the purposes of radiological protection. There is general agreement that malignant disease has been increased following antenatal radiography but no unanimity yet in concluding that irradiation was the main causal factor: reasons are given for accepting that radiography was the cause. Recent increases in biological understanding suggest why maldevelopment is not to be expected after irradiation of the conceptus. A clonal hypothesis for organogenesis provides a reasonable explanation for quantitative aspects of experimental observations on teratogenesis by ionising radiation, including the commonly found highly curvilinear dose-response relationship, the occurrence of so-called critical stages of sensitivity after exposures of a few hundred roentgens, and the reduction in frequency of induced abnormality with protraction of exposure. Clonal hypotheses predict that there will be a virtual threshold for polycystic (non-stochastic) forms of radiation damage. It may be misguided to adopt a linear dose-response relationship for deriving risk estimates for the practical purposes of radiological protection unless some mechanism for production of clinically evident harm can be advanced which provides a plausible reason for expecting linearity.
Topics: Animals; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fetus; Humans; Radiation, Ionizing
PubMed: 3545360
DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-60-709-17 -
Physica Medica : PM : An International... Nov 2020Why took it nearly four decades, from the first evidence of artificial creation of bremsstrahlung, noted indirectly in literature in 1857 by Julius Pluecker, Professor... (Review)
Review
Why took it nearly four decades, from the first evidence of artificial creation of bremsstrahlung, noted indirectly in literature in 1857 by Julius Pluecker, Professor of mathematics and physics in Bonn, Germany, to Professor Conrad Wilhelm Roentgen's breaking discovery and announcement of X-rays in 1895? Following introductory remarks on the difficulties adjusting the parameters required to generate X-rays and the way medical X-rays occupied clinical routine after Roentgen's revolutionary discovery, and answering the question at the beginning, this paper will discuss in depth the paths taken for improvement up to the present, and some of the culs-de-sac.
Topics: Germany; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Physics; Radiography; Technology; X-Rays
PubMed: 32826172
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.021 -
The American Journal of Roentgenology... May 1948
Topics: Calibration; X-Rays
PubMed: 18859671
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology Aug 1950
Topics: Humans; Plastics; Protective Devices; Radiation; Skin; X-Rays
PubMed: 15433397
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.1950.01530150059007 -
Medicina Mar 1950
Topics: Bone and Bones; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Radiopharmaceuticals; Skeleton; X-Rays
PubMed: 15416460
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales Medicinae Internae Fenniae.... 1959
Topics: Academies and Institutes; X-Rays
PubMed: 13637448
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Medical Women's... Oct 1947
Topics: Breast; Breast Diseases; Humans; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland
PubMed: 20267241
DOI: No ID Found -
Southern Medical Journal Jan 2023Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray in late 1895 was relatively quickly shared with the New Orleans community through reports published in 1896 in local newspapers...
Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray in late 1895 was relatively quickly shared with the New Orleans community through reports published in 1896 in local newspapers and medical journals. Radiology became popularized through public demonstrations organized by local proponents and was open to both the lay and medical communities. The first clinical x-ray equipment in New Orleans was installed at Charity Hospital in 1896 within the Department of Surgery, and the first examination was performed on December 23, 1896. Initially, those particularly interested in the x-ray phenomenon were photographers and physicists interested in electricity. X-rays were a curiosity, and entrepreneurs set up studios for x-ray photographs and advertised in local newspapers. Early clinical uses were the localization of foreign bodies, particularly bullets, and the evaluation of bones for fractures and other abnormalities. The fluoroscope was quickly adopted by roentgenologists as a faster and easier method for obtaining medical diagnosis but with the disadvantage of the absence of a permanent record. By the early 1910s, the use of x-rays in clinical medicine had been firmly adopted.
Topics: Humans; History, 20th Century; New Orleans; Radiology; X-Rays; Hospitals; Foreign Bodies
PubMed: 36578110
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001495 -
The Journal of the International... 1946
Topics: Humans; Medicine; Radiology; X-Rays
PubMed: 20279429
DOI: No ID Found