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Veterinary Ophthalmology Sep 2023To evaluate corneal sensitivity and acute side effects following application of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% on the healthy equine...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate corneal sensitivity and acute side effects following application of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% on the healthy equine cornea.
ANIMALS STUDIED
Eight healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURE
A randomized, masked, crossover study design was utilized. Baseline Semiquantitative Preclinical Ocular Toxicology (SPOT) scores and corneal touch thresholds (CTT) using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer were recorded and measured, respectively, for eight healthy adult horses before medication application. Commercially available eyewash was used as a negative control. Ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% or lidocaine hydrochloride 2% solution was sprayed on a randomly selected eye, and the contralateral eye received eyewash. CTT was measured in both eyes at 1, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75 min post-application. Post-application SPOT scores were recorded immediately following the trial. Linear mixed model statistical analyses (mean ± standard error) were performed (p < .05).
RESULTS
Mean eyewash CTT (3.41 cm ± 0.464) was significantly different from ropivacaine-treated (1.44 cm ± 0.562) (p = .008) and lidocaine-treated eyes (1.75 cm ± 0.562) (p = .024); CTT was not significantly different between drug groups (p = .88). Time to maximum anesthesia was not significantly different between ropivacaine (13.25 min ± 3.353) and lidocaine (16.25 min ± 3.353) (p = .40). No side effects were appreciated as confirmed by SPOT.
CONCLUSIONS
Ropivacaine and lidocaine similarly decreased corneal sensitivity when applied topically without clinically evident short-term ocular side effects. Lidocaine may be preferable in clinical settings due to its large, multi-use vials and similar effects to ropivacaine.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Lidocaine; Ropivacaine; Anesthetics, Local; Cross-Over Studies; Anesthesia, Local; Cornea
PubMed: 37548143
DOI: 10.1111/vop.13137 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Sep 2001Ropivacaine is a relatively new long-acting local anesthetic. It is a pure S(-) isomer, with a high pKa and low lipid solubility. Because of its physical and chemical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ropivacaine is a relatively new long-acting local anesthetic. It is a pure S(-) isomer, with a high pKa and low lipid solubility. Because of its physical and chemical properties, ropivacaine produces a marked differential in sensory and motor blockades, with a toxic potential lower than other long-acting anesthetic solutions. The purpose of this paper was the evaluation of the literature concerning indications and advantages of ropivacaine for different regional anesthesia techniques.
METHODS
We have evaluated results of prospective, randomized, controlled trials evaluating clinical use of ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia and analgesia, as well as spinal and peripheral nerve blocks.
RESULTS
The literature clearly demonstrates both efficacy and safety of ropivacaine used for epidural anesthesia and analgesia as well as for upper and lower limb peripheral nerve blocks, both single-shot and continuous peripheral blocks. Although ropivacaine has not been registered yet for spinal anesthesia, various studies show its efficacy and safety also in this field. Because of its pharmacodynamic properties, intrathecal ropivacaine seems also interesting for outpatient procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Ropivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic with a marked differential blockade between sensory and motor fibres, overall at the low concentrations used for postoperative analgesia. It probably has a slightly lower potency as compared with bupivacaine, but provides similar clinical efficacy in the different fields of regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is less cardiotoxic and causes less central nervous system toxicity than bupivacaine, and this lower toxic potential has been reported not only with equivalent but also with equipotent concentrations and doses. For this reason, ropivacaine represents a useful alternative to bupivacaine for central and peripheral nerve blocks as well as for the management of postoperative pain relief.
Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Humans; Ropivacaine
PubMed: 11778088
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Apr 2019To compare the effect of small-dose ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with fentanyl versus large-dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride for cesarean section. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of small-dose ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with fentanyl versus large-dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride for cesarean section.
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu People's Hospital, China, from February 2017 to April 2018.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 134 maternal women, who underwent cesarean section, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 67 cases in each group. Control group was anesthetized with a large dose (1.5 mL) of ropivacaine hydrochloride, and observation group was anesthetized with a small dose (1 mL) of ropivacaine hydrochloride in combination with 10 µg of fentanyl. Then anesthetic effects of the two groups were compared.
RESULTS
The onset time of anesthesia and postoperative pain scores of the anesthesia in observation group were better than those in control group (both p<0.001). There was no significant difference in HR, SpO₂ and MAP between the two groups after 15 minutes of anesthesia, and after the operation (p=0.393, 0.275, 0.108, 0.740, 0.068 and 0.230, respectively). After the delivery of the fetuses, the HR, SpO₂ and MAP of the parturients in observation group were better than those in control group (all p<0.001). Frequency of adverse reactions of parturients in observation group was lower than that in control group (p=0.033).
CONCLUSION
In comparison to large-dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride, small-dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with fentanyl, in combined spinal-epidural analgesia on parturients accepting cesarean section, can more effectively maintain their hemodynamic stability, relieve postoperative pain, and have a low incidence of adverse reactions.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Ropivacaine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30925948
DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2019.04.301 -
Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi... Nov 2021To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of ropivacaine hydrochloride on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The osteosarcoma...
To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of ropivacaine hydrochloride on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The osteosarcoma doxorubicin-resistant cell line (U2OS/DOX) was established by gradually increasing the drug doses. U2OS/DOX cells were treated with ropivacaine hydrochloride at the concentrations of 0, 20, 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively; as different concentrations treatment groups of ropivacaine hydrochloride. pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1-Livin were transfected into U2OS/DOX cells and then treated with 100 μg/ml ropivacaine hydrochloride, which were defined as ropivacaine hydrochloride 100 μg/ml+pcDNA3.1 group, ropivacaine hydrochloride 100 μg/ml+pcDNA3.1-Livin group. MTT was used to detect the cell proliferation inhibition rate and inhibitory concentration (IC). Western blot was used to detect the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) and activated cysteine aspartic protease-3 (Cleaved Caspase-3), E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and Livin; clone formation experiments were used to detect the number of cell clones formed; flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis; Transwell was used to detect cell migration and invasion; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect Livin mRNA expression. When the concentration of doxorubicin was more than 1 μg/ml, the proliferation inhibition rate of osteosarcoma cells U2OS was significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner (<0.05); when the concentration of doxorubicin was more than 10 μg/ml, the proliferation inhibition rate of osteosarcoma resistant cell U2OS/DOX was significantly increased, and it was dose-dependent (<0.05). In U2OS/DOX cells treated with ropivacaine hydrochloride, the expressions of P21, Cleaved Caspase-3, and E-cadherin were increased significantly, the expression of MMP-2 was decreased significantly, the cell proliferation inhibition rate was increased significantly, the number of colony formation was decreased significantly, and the cells apoptosis rate was increased significantly, the number of cell migration and invasion was decreased significantly, and the expression of Livin was significantly reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner (<0.05). Overexpression of Livin partially reversed the inhibitory effect of ropivacaine hydrochloride on proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotion effect on apoptosis of cell U2OS/DOX. Ropivacaine hydrochloride can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells, and significantly promote osteoma cell apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to Livin.
Topics: Apoptosis; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Osteosarcoma; Ropivacaine
PubMed: 34821101
DOI: 10.12047/j.cjap.6082.2021.088 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Feb 2022Low encapsulation efficiency of the drug usually exist in hydrophilic drug which was embedded by hydrophobic materials directly in traditional method. In order to solve...
Low encapsulation efficiency of the drug usually exist in hydrophilic drug which was embedded by hydrophobic materials directly in traditional method. In order to solve this problem, a novel preparation strategy which called "post-loading mode" was innovatively designed in this study: ropivacaine hydrochloride (ROP), a hydrophilic drug used in the field of anesthesia and analgesia, was encapsulated into the pre-prepared porous Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres; the porous PLGA microspheres (PLGA-Ms) with self-healing characteristic were used to obtain ROP-PLGA-Ms (with particle size around were 38 µm), in which drug loading (DL) was 8.72%. A rat sciatic nerve block model was established to evaluate the efficacy of ROP-PLGA-Ms. Exparel®, a bupivacaine liposome suspension approved by the FDA, was defined as reference agents in this study. The results showed that the injection of ROP, Exparel®, and ROP-PLGA-Ms were injected to the peripheral sciatic nerve could lead to motor dysfunction and sensory nerve block unanimously, and the onset time was less than 10 min for all cases. In addition, in comparison with ROP injection and Exparel®, the nerve block time of ROP-PLGA-Ms was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05). Effective analgesia duration of ROP-PLGA-Ms was about 5 h, 2.5 and 1.7 folds longer than that of ROP injection and Exparel®, respectively. The rats in each group could recover eventually within 8 h after administration. H&E showed that no inflammatory reaction was observed at the injection location. Analysis of blood biochemistry showed an insignificant difference between the microsphere experimental group and the negative group, which further indicated the safety of microsphere bioformulation.
Topics: Animals; Bupivacaine; Microspheres; Nerve Block; Particle Size; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Rats; Ropivacaine
PubMed: 34839050
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112215 -
JAMA Psychiatry Feb 2020This is the first multisite, randomized clinical trial of stellate ganglion block (SGB) outcomes on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
This is the first multisite, randomized clinical trial of stellate ganglion block (SGB) outcomes on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether paired SGB treatments at 0 and 2 weeks would result in improvement in mean Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) total symptom severity scores from baseline to 8 weeks.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This multisite, blinded, sham-procedure, randomized clinical trial used a 2:1 SGB:sham ratio and was conducted from May 2016 through March 2018 in 3 US Army Interdisciplinary Pain Management Centers. Only physicians performing the procedures and the procedure nurses were aware of the intervention (but not the participants or assessors); their interactions with the participants were scripted and limited to the 2 interventions. Active-duty service members on stable psychotropic medication dosages who had a PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) score of 32 or more at screening were included. Key exclusion criteria included a prior SGB treatment, selected psychiatric disorders or substance use disorders, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, or suicidal ideation in the prior 2 months.
INTERVENTIONS
Paired right-sided SGB or sham procedures at weeks 0 and 2.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Improvement of 10 or more points on mean CAPS-5 total symptom severity scores from baseline to 8 weeks, adjusted for site and baseline total symptom severity scores (planned a priori).
RESULTS
Of 190 screened individuals, 113 (59.5%; 100 male and 13 female participants; mean [SD] age, 37.3 [6.7] years) were eligible and randomized (74 to SGB and 39 to sham treatment), and 108 (95.6% of 113) completed the study. Baseline characteristics were similar in the SGB and sham treatment groups, with mean (SD) CAPS-5 scores of 37.6 (11.2) and 39.8 (14.4), respectively (on a scale of 0-80); 91 (80.0%) met CAPS-5 PTSD criteria. In an intent-to-treat analysis, adjusted mean total symptom severity score change was -12.6 points (95% CI, -15.5 to -9.7 points) for the group receiving SGB treatments, compared with -6.1 points (95% CI, -9.8 to -2.3 points) for those receiving sham treatment (P = .01).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this trial of active-duty service members with PTSD symptoms (at a clinical threshold and subthreshold), 2 SGB treatments 2 weeks apart were effective in reducing CAPS-5 total symptom severity scores over 8 weeks. The mild-moderate baseline level of PTSD symptom severity and short follow-up time limit the generalizability of these findings, but the study suggests that SGB merits further trials as a PTSD treatment adjunct.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03077919.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Autonomic Nerve Block; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Ropivacaine; Stellate Ganglion; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 31693083
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3474 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Aug 2020
Topics: Ropivacaine; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33031681
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004895 -
Anesthesiology Mar 2018
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Femur; Humans; Nerve Block; Ropivacaine
PubMed: 29438244
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002034 -
Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite &... Jan 2022
Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Humans; Levobupivacaine; Ropivacaine
PubMed: 34478902
DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.08.005 -
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Ropivacaine; Anesthetics, Local; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 37217259
DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104628