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Infectious Diseases (London, England) Mar 2015Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive coccus member of the family Micrococcaceae, is considered part of the normal microflora of the human mouth and the upper respiratory... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive coccus member of the family Micrococcaceae, is considered part of the normal microflora of the human mouth and the upper respiratory tract. Although this organism is believed to be of low virulence, it is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen mostly affecting immunocompromised hosts.
METHODS
The medical literature was reviewed and we found 19 published cases of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. We also report on a case of pneumonia attributed to this microorganism in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
RESULTS
From January 1970 to August 2014, a total of 20 patients with R. mucilaginosa pneumonia were studied. Patients with haematologic malignancies (7/20), profoundly neutropenic with central line catheters (7/20) are at higher risk of developing the infection, while immunocompetent hosts with impaired pulmonary defences are less frequently affected (4/20). Beta-lactams or vancomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics have been successfully used for the treatment of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. The outcome was favourable in 18 cases. Only one fatality was attributed to the infection.
CONCLUSION
R. mucilaginosa should be considered in the diagnosis of pneumonia in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Early diagnosis and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment are necessary for cure.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunocompetence; Immunocompromised Host; Lung; Male; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Radiography; Vancomycin; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 25664502
DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.980843 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021is a Gram-positive aerobic coccus usually found in the oral and respiratory tract. Septic arthritis is an uncommon condition, but is an orthopaedic emergency. A rare... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-positive aerobic coccus usually found in the oral and respiratory tract. Septic arthritis is an uncommon condition, but is an orthopaedic emergency. A rare case of knee septic arthritis due to is presented. Patient management and outcomes are discussed, and learning points from this case are outlined to help manage any further cases that may arise.
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Knee Joint; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged
PubMed: 33462004
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237015 -
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious... Apr 2021We performed a retrospective study to determine the epidemiology of Rothia mucilaginosa infections among pediatric cancer patients. Over 20 years, 37 cases were...
We performed a retrospective study to determine the epidemiology of Rothia mucilaginosa infections among pediatric cancer patients. Over 20 years, 37 cases were identified; 27% developed complications, but there was no infection-related mortality. All cases were successfully treated with vancomycin.
Topics: Bacteremia; Child; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32448911
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa047 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Oct 2022For the 11% of dialysis patients worldwide who receive peritoneal dialysis (PD) to treat their end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), recent PD-associated peritonitis is...
For the 11% of dialysis patients worldwide who receive peritoneal dialysis (PD) to treat their end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), recent PD-associated peritonitis is estimated to contribute to 5-30% of reported mortality.1,2 These infections are most commonly caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (32%), followed by culture-negative peritonitis (16%), and the timely identification and targeted treatment of peritonitis is critical to avoid complications such as PD catheter removal.3 Here, we present a case of atypical Rothia mucilaginosis peritonitis in a PD patient.
Topics: Coagulase; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 36173909
DOI: No ID Found -
MSystems Apr 2020Next-generation sequencing studies of saliva and dental plaque from subjects in both healthy and diseased states have identified bacteria belonging to the genus as...
Next-generation sequencing studies of saliva and dental plaque from subjects in both healthy and diseased states have identified bacteria belonging to the genus as ubiquitous members of the oral microbiota. To gain a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the chemical ecology of this unexplored group, we applied a genome mining approach that targets functionally important biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). All 45 genomes that were mined, representing , , and , harbored a catechol-siderophore-like BGC. To explore siderophore production further, we grew the previously characterized ATCC 25296 in liquid cultures, amended with glycerol, which led to the identification of the archetype siderophore enterobactin by using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Normally attributed to pathogenic gut bacteria, is the first commensal oral bacterium found to produce enterobactin. Cocultivation studies including or purified enterobactin revealed that enterobactin reduced growth of certain strains of cariogenic and pathogenic strains of Commensal oral bacteria were either unaffected, reduced in growth, or induced to grow adjacent to enterobactin-producing or the pure compound. Taken together with 's known capacity to ferment a variety of carbohydrates and amino acids, our findings of enterobactin production add an additional level of explanation to 's prevalence in the oral cavity. Enterobactin is the strongest Fe(III) binding siderophore known, and its role in oral health requires further investigation. The communication language of the human oral microbiota is vastly underexplored. However, a few studies have shown that specialized small molecules encoded by BGCs have critical roles such as in colonization resistance against pathogens and quorum sensing. Here, by using a genome mining approach in combination with compound screening of growth cultures, we identified that the commensal oral community member harbors a catecholate-siderophore BGC, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of enterobactin. The iron-scavenging role of enterobactin is known to have positive effects on the host's iron pool and negative effects on host immune function; however, its role in oral health remains unexplored. was previously identified as an abundant community member in cystic fibrosis, where bacterial iron cycling plays a major role in virulence development. With respect to iron's broad biological importance, iron-chelating enterobactin may explain 's colonization success in both health and disease.
PubMed: 32345739
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00161-20 -
Journal of Glaucoma Jun 2022Postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive, coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae of the oropharyngeal flora, is rare and all previously...
Postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive, coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae of the oropharyngeal flora, is rare and all previously reported intraocular implant-related cases have resulted in evisceration. R. mucilaginosa endophthalmitis has also not been described with any glaucoma implant device. Here, the authors report a case of subacute R. mucilaginosa endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens and the iStent inject (Glaukos). The infection was managed with intravitreal antibiotic injections, pars plana vitrectomy, and intraocular lens and iStent explantations. This was followed by a second pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for a tractional retinal detachment. Nine months after the initial presentation, vision in the affected eye was partially preserved, and the globe remained intact. R. mucilaginosa infections are associated with grave outcomes due to biofilm formation on infected implants, and as such, removal of infected implants is advised.
Topics: Endophthalmitis; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Micrococcaceae; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 35649260
DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002033 -
New Microbes and New Infections 2022
PubMed: 35707549
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100984 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Feb 2008
Topics: Micrococcaceae
PubMed: 18273521
DOI: No ID Found -
Haematologica Dec 2023Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation...
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation model of IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant cells by Moraxella catarrhalis antigen RpoC and its superantigen MID/hag, associated with extralong CDR3 and HLA-DRB1*04 or HLADRB1* 07 haplotype. The aim of the present study was to extend the antigen screening to further bacteria and viruses. The fragment antibody-binding (Fab) regions of seven new and 15 previously reported cases were analyzed. The reactivity of non-Moraxella spp.-reactive Fab regions against lysates of Rothia mucilaginosa was observed in 5/22 (22.7%) cases. Galactofuranosyl transferase (Gltf) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh) of R. mucilaginosa were identified by comparative silver- and immuno-staining in two-dimensional gels, with subsequent mass spectrometry and validation by western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both R. mucilaginosa Gltf and Bdh induced BCR pathway activation and proliferation in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by recombinant Gltf/ETA'-immunotoxin conjugates in DEV cells expressing recombinant R. mucilaginosa-reactive BCR. Reactivity against M. catarrhalis RpoC was confirmed in 3/7 newly expressed BCR (total 10/22 reactive to Moraxella spp.), resulting in 15/22 (68.2%) cases with BCR reactivity against defined bacterial antigens. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of bacterial trigger contributing to subsets of NLPHL.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Micrococcaceae; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37139600
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282698 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Jul 2019Rothia mucilaginosa is part of the oral and upper respiratory tract flora. Usually, this gram-positive coccus is not pathogenic; however, in the setting of...
Rothia mucilaginosa is part of the oral and upper respiratory tract flora. Usually, this gram-positive coccus is not pathogenic; however, in the setting of immunosuppressed hosts, it can cause life-threatening infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Among a cohort of 1511 hematologic-oncologic patients at a pediatric tertiary care cancer center, we identified five cancer patients (0.35%) within a period of 10 years having a proven Rothia mucilaginosa bacteremia (1 culture positive: n = 3/5; > 1 culture positive: n = 2/5). With prompt and adequate antibiotic treatment, infection resolved rapidly before recovery of neutrophils and without any sequelae, suggesting that Rothia mucilaginosa bacteremia without organ involvement is not exceptionally problematic in pediatric cancer patients.
Topics: Bacteremia; Cancer Care Facilities; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Micrococcaceae; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 30825249
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27691