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Trends in Genetics : TIG Dec 2019
Topics: Genome, Fungal; Genomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 31630852
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.08.009 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Dec 2016Saccharomyces yeasts have been used for millennia for the production of beer, wine, bread, and other fermented products. Long-term "unconscious" selection and... (Review)
Review
Saccharomyces yeasts have been used for millennia for the production of beer, wine, bread, and other fermented products. Long-term "unconscious" selection and domestication led to the selection of hundreds of strains with desired production traits having significant phenotypic and genetic differences from their wild ancestors. This review summarizes the results of recent research in deciphering the genomes of wine Saccharomyces strains, the use of comparative genomics methods to study the mechanisms of yeast genome evolution under conditions of artificial selection, and the use of genomic and postgenomic approaches to identify the molecular nature of the important characteristics of commercial wine strains of Saccharomyces. Succinctly, data concerning metagenomics of microbial communities of grapes and wine and the dynamics of yeast and bacterial flora in the course of winemaking is provided. A separate section is devoted to an overview of the physiological, genetic, and biochemical features of sherry yeast strains used to produce biologically aged wines. The goal of the review is to convince the reader of the efficacy of new genomic and postgenomic technologies as tools for developing strategies for targeted selection and creation of new strains using "classical" and modern techniques for improving winemaking technology.
Topics: Genetic Variation; Metabolomics; Phylogeny; Proteomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Wine
PubMed: 28260488
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297916130046 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold... (Review)
Review
Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.
Topics: Food Handling; Plasma Gases; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sterilization
PubMed: 33668158
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052247 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2021Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis represents the initial part of de novo formation of all glycerophospholipids (membrane lipids) as well as triacylglycerols (storage... (Review)
Review
Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis represents the initial part of de novo formation of all glycerophospholipids (membrane lipids) as well as triacylglycerols (storage lipids), and is thus the centerpiece of glycerolipid metabolism. The universal route of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis starts from the precursor glycerol-3-phosphate and comprises two consecutive acylation reactions which are catalyzed by a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and a 1-acyl glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. In addition, yeast and mammals harbor a set of enzymes which can synthesize phosphatidic acid from the precursor dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In the present review our current knowledge about enzymes contributing to phosphatidic acid biosynthesis in the invaluable model organism yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is summarized. A special focus is laid upon the regulation and the localization of these enzymes. Furthermore, research needs for a deeper insight into the high complexity of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and consequently the entire lipid metabolic network is presented.
Topics: Phosphatidic Acids; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 33610760
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158907 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jun 2002Recent advances in understanding sphingolipid metabolism and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have moved the field from an embryonic, descriptive phase to one more... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in understanding sphingolipid metabolism and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have moved the field from an embryonic, descriptive phase to one more focused on molecular mechanisms. One advance that has aided many experiments has been the uncovering of genes for the biosynthesis and breakdown of sphingolipids. S. cerevisiae seems on the verge of becoming the first organism in which all sphingolipid metabolic genes are identified. Other advances include the demonstration that S. cerevisiae cells have lipid rafts composed of sphingolipids and ergosterol and that specific proteins associate with rafts. Roles for phytosphingosine (PHS) and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) in heat stress continue to be uncovered including regulation of the transient cell cycle arrest, control of putative signaling pathways that govern cell integrity, endocytosis, movement of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and regulation of protein breakdown in the plasma membrane. Other studies suggest roles for sphingolipids in exocytosis, growth regulation and longevity. Finally, some progress has been made in understanding how sphingolipid synthesis is regulated and how sphingolipid levels are maintained.
Topics: Endocytosis; Exocytosis; Hot Temperature; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sphingolipids
PubMed: 12069845
DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00210-x -
Microbiological Research Aug 2015Ribosomal proteins (RPs), are essential components of the ribosomes, the molecular machines that turn mRNA blueprints into proteins, as they serve to stabilize the... (Review)
Review
Ribosomal proteins (RPs), are essential components of the ribosomes, the molecular machines that turn mRNA blueprints into proteins, as they serve to stabilize the structure of the rRNA, thus improving protein biosynthesis. In addition, growing evidence suggests that RPs can function in other cellular roles. In the present review, we summarize several potential extra-ribosomal functions of RPs in ribosomal biogenesis, transcription activity, translation process, DNA repair, replicative life span, adhesive growth, and morphological transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the future in-depth studies are needed to identify these novel secondary functions of RPs in S. cerevisiae.
Topics: Cell Adhesion; DNA Repair; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomal Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 26211963
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.004 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Mar 2018The morphological structure and physiological indexes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have changed during serial re-pitching due to the stress conditions in serial handlings... (Review)
Review
The morphological structure and physiological indexes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have changed during serial re-pitching due to the stress conditions in serial handlings and the cells become aging. It is of great significance to study the physiological changes of S. cerevisiae during serial re-pitching to understand the anti-aging effect of S. cerevisiae. In this paper, the changes of the physiological indexes during re-pitching of yeast are summarized, and based on the analysis of the previous works further research directions are proposed.
Topics: Industrial Microbiology; Microbiological Techniques; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 29577682
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.170226 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering May 2020Biological network construction for Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used approach for simulating phenotypes and designing cell factories. However, due to a...
Biological network construction for Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used approach for simulating phenotypes and designing cell factories. However, due to a complicated regulatory mechanism governing the translation of genotype to phenotype, precise prediction of phenotypes remains challenging. Here, we present WM_S288C, a computational whole-cell model that includes 15 cellular states and 26 cellular processes and which enables integrated analyses of physiological functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using WM_S288C to predict phenotypes of S. cerevisiae, the functions of 1140 essential genes were characterized and linked to phenotypes at five levels. During the cell cycle, the dynamic allocation of intracellular molecules could be tracked in real-time to simulate cell activities. Additionally, one-third of non-essential genes were identified to affect cell growth via regulating nucleotide concentrations. These results demonstrated the value of WM_S288C as a tool for understanding and investigating the phenotypes of S. cerevisiae.
Topics: Extracellular Space; Genome, Fungal; Genotype; Models, Biological; Phenotype; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 32022245
DOI: 10.1002/bit.27298 -
Yeast (Chichester, England) Sep 1997A summary of previously defined phenotypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. The purpose of this review is to provide a compendium of phenotypes that... (Review)
Review
A summary of previously defined phenotypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. The purpose of this review is to provide a compendium of phenotypes that can be readily screened to identify pleiotropic phenotypes associated with primary or suppressor mutations. Many of these phenotypes provide a convenient alternative to the primary phenotype for following a gene, or as a marker for cloning a gene by genetic complementation. In many cases a particular phenotype or set of phenotypes can suggest a function for the product of the mutated gene.
Topics: Cell Cycle; Nitrogen; Phenotype; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 9301019
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19970930)13:12<1099::AID-YEA177>3.0.CO;2-7 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Mar 2014Homologous recombination (HR) contributes to maintaining genome integrity by facilitating error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) primarily during the S and... (Review)
Review
Homologous recombination (HR) contributes to maintaining genome integrity by facilitating error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) primarily during the S and G2 phases of the mitotic cell cycle, while nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the preferred pathway for DSB repair in G1 phase. The decision to repair a DSB by NHEJ or HR is made primarily at the level of DSB end resection, which is inhibited by the Ku complex in G1 and promoted by the Sae2 and Mre11 nucleases in S/G2 . The cell cycle regulation of HR is accomplished both at the transcription level and at the protein level through post-translational modification, degradation and subcellular localization. Cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28 plays an established key role in these events, while the role of transcriptional regulation and protein degradation are less well understood. Here, the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms for mitotic HR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are reviewed, and evolutionarily conserved principles are highlighted.
Topics: Cell Cycle; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; DNA Repair; Homologous Recombination; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 24483249
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12066