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The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Jul 1994
Review
Topics: Appetite Regulation; Brain; Dietary Fats; Eating; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Satiation
PubMed: 7972155
DOI: 10.1079/pns19940046 -
Nutrition Reviews Dec 1998High energy density tends to be associated with high palatability, and vice versa. As a rule, energy-dense foods are palatable but not satiating, whereas foods with low... (Review)
Review
High energy density tends to be associated with high palatability, and vice versa. As a rule, energy-dense foods are palatable but not satiating, whereas foods with low energy density are more satiating but less palatable. Low-energy-density foods are typically those that contain the most water and the least fat. Reducing energy density while maintaining palatability is a continuing challenge to the food industry.
Topics: Body Weight; Energy Intake; Food; Humans; Obesity; Satiation; Taste
PubMed: 9884582
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01677.x -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Dec 2007The gastrointestinal tract elicits numerous signals regulating food intake and satiety, and recently many studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The gastrointestinal tract elicits numerous signals regulating food intake and satiety, and recently many studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms regulating these signals.
AIM
To describe the effects of the gastrointestinal tract on satiety, satiation and food intake.
METHODS
A PubMed search was performed to identify and select the relevant literature using search terms including 'gastric satiety, intestine + satiety, satiation, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and ileal brake'.
RESULTS
Satiation, satiety and food intake result, among other factors, from signals originating in the stomach caused by distension and signals from the small intestine. These intestinal signals result from nutrient sensing in the gut and activate neural and humoral pathways. Activation of the distal part of the gut, the so called ileal brake, leads to reduction in hunger and food intake, and models of chronic ileal brake activation lead to massive weight loss.
CONCLUSION
Gastrointestinal signals are crucial for the regulation of food intake, satiety and satiation. The ileal brake deserves special attention, as both ileal intubation studies and surgical studies demonstrate that activation of the ileal brake reduces food intake. In the surgical models, weight loss occurs without adaptation to the anorectic effects of ileal brake activation.
Topics: Animals; Appetite Regulation; Eating; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Neurosecretory Systems; Satiation
PubMed: 18081667
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03550.x -
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental... Feb 1995Male Japanese quail were conditioned to approach a visual CS that predicted an opportunity to copulate with a female quail. Subsequently the subjects were tested in both...
Male Japanese quail were conditioned to approach a visual CS that predicted an opportunity to copulate with a female quail. Subsequently the subjects were tested in both non-reinforced and reinforced test trials while sexually satiated and sexually deprived. In the satiation condition the sexual US was devalued by allowing the male subjects to copulate repeatedly with female birds just prior to testing. The subjects displayed significantly less approach to the CS when sexually satiated than when sexually deprived. These results are compatible with a mechanism in which performance of Pavlovian sexual approach conditioning is mediated by activation of a memorial representation of the US.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Copulation; Coturnix; Female; Male; Motivation; Satiation; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 7740126
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemical Senses Feb 2010The acute effect of complexity in aroma composition on perceived satiation and food intake was investigated in 41 young, healthy, and normal weight subjects. Subjects... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The acute effect of complexity in aroma composition on perceived satiation and food intake was investigated in 41 young, healthy, and normal weight subjects. Subjects consumed 2 different strawberry-aromatized sweetened yogurt products (i.e., test and placebo product) in either an olfactometer-aided or an ad libitum eating experimental design. The test product was aromatized with a multicomponent strawberry aroma, whereas the placebo product was aromatized with a single-component strawberry aroma. Compared to placebo, subjects felt significantly more satiated during aroma stimulation with the multicomponent strawberry aroma in the olfactometer-aided setting. Additionally, perceived satiation was significantly increased 10-15 min after consumption of the multicomponent strawberry-aromatized sweetened yogurt product in the ad libitum eating setting. There was no effect on the amount of strawberry-aromatized sweetened yogurt product consumed ad libitum. Apart from the differences in timing of the appetite-regulating effects, both experimental settings demonstrated that the multicomponent strawberry aroma, which was perceived as being more complex, yet of similar aroma quality, intensity, and pleasantness compared with the single-component strawberry aroma, was able to enhance perceived satiation. The methodology of the olfactometer-aided aroma stimulation proved to be representative of a real-life setting with regard to aroma exposure and satiation. Food products, which are perceived as being more complex, have been suggested to delay the development of sensory satiation as a result of implicitly cueing for variation. The present results may be explained by increased sensory stimulation, due to concurrent exposure to multiple aroma components cueing for sensorily similar strawberry perception.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Eating; Female; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Male; Odorants; Perception; Satiation; Single-Blind Method; Taste; Taste Threshold
PubMed: 20008454
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp086 -
Behavioral Neuroscience Aug 1984There is evidence in the literature that has been taken to show that, unlike hunger and thirst, salt appetite cannot be satiated in the absence of salt taste...
There is evidence in the literature that has been taken to show that, unlike hunger and thirst, salt appetite cannot be satiated in the absence of salt taste stimulation. The present study showed that repletion of body sodium in the absence of taste stimulation, that is, by gavage, can diminish subsequent saline intake. The satiating effects of gavage versus drinking of saline were studied at various intervals after repletion. For the first few hours, gastric loading was constantly less satiating than was drinking. But as the interval between gavage and testing was lengthened beyond 4-8 hr, the satiating effect began to increase until by 16 hr it was equal to that of drinking. The specificity of the satiating effect of saline gavage as a function of time between treatment and testing was also studied. There appeared to be a transient nonspecific blocking effect of solutes on solute intake which had a duration of less than 30 min. The satiating effect of saline gavage became specific after that time. The experiment suggests that there are multiple factors involved in the satiation of salt appetite--a taste factor, a short-latency post ingestional factor, and a long-latency postingestional factor.
Topics: Animals; Appetite; Female; Male; Natriuresis; Rats; Satiation; Sodium Chloride; Taste
PubMed: 6466442
DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.98.4.661 -
Behavioral Neuroscience Jun 2000The aim of the present study was to establish whether electrical and/or drug stimulation of the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (mPOA/AH) surmounts the sexual...
The aim of the present study was to establish whether electrical and/or drug stimulation of the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (mPOA/AH) surmounts the sexual behavior inhibition that results from copulation to exhaustion. Thus, intermittent electrical stimulation of the mPOA/AH (alone or combined with the systemic injection of yohimbine or apomorphine, at doses that were subthreshold for reversing sexual exhaustion) or intrapreoptic treatments to block GABAergic transmission were applied to sexually satiated rats. The results suggest that the mPOA/AH is not responsible for male sexual behavior inhibition or for the pharmacologically induced sexual behavior expression in satiated rats. Data are discussed in terms of the roles ascribed to the mPOA/AH, both in the control of sexual behavior expression and in the regulation of the postejaculatory interval.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Copulation; Ejaculation; Hypothalamus, Anterior; Male; Neural Inhibition; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Satiation; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 10883805
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Jun 1999
Review
Topics: Diet; Eating; Humans; Leptin; Proteins; Satiation
PubMed: 10378211
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00108-2 -
Nutrition Reviews Aug 1994
Review
Topics: Aged; Appetite; Diet; Eating; Humans; Satiation
PubMed: 7970310
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01438.x -
Appetite Feb 2015Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH), or consuming highly palatable foods when satiated, is one behavioral pathway that may lead to childhood obesity. EAH is an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH), or consuming highly palatable foods when satiated, is one behavioral pathway that may lead to childhood obesity. EAH is an objective, laboratory-based measure. A more comprehensive understanding of potential determinants of EAH could inform childhood obesity programs outside of a laboratory setting.
OBJECTIVE
Systematic review of EAH experiments to identify individual, familial, and societal-level correlates of EAH among children 12 years of age or younger.
DESIGN
1487 studies were retrieved from five electronic databases (Medline [PubMed], Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO). Eligible studies were those that measured EAH as initially operationalized in a laboratory setting enrolling children ≤12 years or reporting age-specific results for children ≤12 years. Only articles written in English were included.
RESULTS
12 cross-sectional, six prospective, and one behavioral-intervention studies were included in the review. EAH was observable among boys and girls; absolute levels of EAH increased with age; and maternal feeding styles were associated with EAH among girls. The most consistent evidence supported increased levels of EAH among overweight and obese versus normal weight children, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Two studies supported a genetic component to EAH.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies enrolling independent samples support a positive association between weight status and EAH among children; studies addressing causality are needed. Other various individual, genetic, and familiar characteristics were associated with EAH, yet studies among more heterogeneous sample populations are needed to confirm findings. Studies addressing societal-level factors related to EAH were absent.
Topics: Body Weight; Child; Eating; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hunger; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Satiation
PubMed: 25450900
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.032