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Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin Sep 2017Scarlet fever, an infection caused by toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, was associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality when epidemics were... (Review)
Review
Scarlet fever, an infection caused by toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, was associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality when epidemics were common in the 18 and 19 centuries throughout Europe and the USA. Although this disease nearly disappeared during the 20 century, several countries, including the UK, have recently experienced a re-emergence of scarlet fever. However, the reason for these new outbreaks remains unclear. Despite a general move to reduce the use of antibiotics for many mild self-limiting infections (e.g. tonsillitis, sinusitis), national guidance recommends treating people with scarlet fever with antibiotics regardless of severity of illness to speed recovery, to reduce the length of time the infection is contagious and to reduce the risk of complications. Here, we discuss the management of scarlet fever in the UK.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Management; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Scarlet Fever; United Kingdom
PubMed: 28882851
DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2017.8.0529 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2023A significant increase in the incidence of scarlet fever, mainly in Europe, has been noted during the COVID-19 postpandemic period. Scarlet fever is caused by a... (Review)
Review
A significant increase in the incidence of scarlet fever, mainly in Europe, has been noted during the COVID-19 postpandemic period. Scarlet fever is caused by a pyrogenic exotoxin-producing streptococcus-Streptococcus pyogenes-responsible for more than 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. Superantigens (SAgs) secreted by this Group A streptococcus (GAS) usually overstimulate the human immune system, causing an amplified hypersensitivity reaction leading to initial symptoms such as sore throat, high fever, and a sandpaper-like skin rash. There could be concurrent oral manifestations known as "strawberry tongue" or "raspberry tongue," which may be first noted by oral health professionals. The early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is critical to obviate the development of local and systemic sequelae such as acute rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and glomerulonephritis. Antibiotics should be prescribed early to mitigate its duration, sequelae, and community spread. Dental practitioners should be aware of the early symptoms of scarlet fever for infection detection, emergency patient management, and appropriate referral. This concise review outlines the prevalence, pathogenicity, oral and systemic manifestations, as well as the dental implications of scarlet fever.
Topics: Humans; Scarlet Fever; Dentists; COVID-19; Professional Role; Streptococcus pyogenes; Recurrence
PubMed: 37062653
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.009 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Apr 2016Essential facts Scarlet fever is characterised by a rash that usually accompanies a sore throat and flushed cheeks. It is mainly a childhood illness. While this...
Essential facts Scarlet fever is characterised by a rash that usually accompanies a sore throat and flushed cheeks. It is mainly a childhood illness. While this contagious disease rarely poses a danger to life today, outbreaks in the past led to many deaths.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Outbreaks; Fever; Headache; Humans; Scarlet Fever; Streptococcus pyogenes; United Kingdom
PubMed: 27191292
DOI: 10.7748/ns.30.35.17.s20 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 2018
Topics: Caregivers; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Family; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Scarlet Fever; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30166279
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3005 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... May 2014
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Risk Factors; Scarlet Fever; Streptococcus pyogenes; United Kingdom
PubMed: 24823566
DOI: 10.7748/ns.28.37.20.s21 -
The Journal of Family Health Care Apr 2014
Review
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Prognosis; Scarlet Fever
PubMed: 24941729
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Pediatrics Aug 2005
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Erythema; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Scarlet Fever; Skin; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tongue
PubMed: 16141487
DOI: No ID Found -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Oct 2012
Topics: Algorithms; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Germany; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Quarantine; Risk Factors; Scarlet Fever
PubMed: 23156877
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-012-1281-y -
British Medical Journal Apr 1971
Topics: Child; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Scarlet Fever
PubMed: 5575964
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5755.224-b -
EBioMedicine Feb 2018
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Clindamycin; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Hong Kong; Humans; Scarlet Fever; Streptococcus pyogenes; Taiwan; United Kingdom
PubMed: 29396303
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.030