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Allergy Jun 2023Lipids are the major components of skin barrier, mainly produced by keratinocytes and sebaceous glands. Previous studies on barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis (AD)...
BACKGROUND
Lipids are the major components of skin barrier, mainly produced by keratinocytes and sebaceous glands. Previous studies on barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis (AD) mainly focus on the lipids from keratinocytes, whereas the role of sebaceous gland-derived lipids in AD has long been underrecognized.
METHODS
The sebum secreted on the skin surface of AD patients was measured using the Delfin Sebum Scale. Sebum was collected using Sebutape patches and subjected for liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Multivariate data analysis was applied to explore the relationship among the lipidome, clinical features, and sebaceous gland-related molecules.
RESULTS
The amount of sebum secreted from sebaceous glands was decreased in AD patients and was negatively correlated with the barrier function and disease severity. LC-MS/MS revealed the lipidome of sebum, which clustered distinctly between AD patients and healthy individuals. Among the differential lipid subclasses, triglycerides (TG) were exclusively decreased in AD patients and correlated with disease severity. The first principal component scores of AD patients, which represented the main signature of the lipidome, were positively correlated with the SCORAD scores and were significantly different across the patient groups with differential clinical symptoms such as skin dryness and pruritus. Further analysis on the previously published transcriptome data revealed aberrant expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in non-lesional skin of AD patients, which was associated with skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction and mainly derived from inner root sheath keratinocytes and sebaceous gland cells.
CONCLUSION
Atopic dermatitis patients demonstrated a deviated lipidome of sebum and aberrant lipid metabolism in sebaceous glands, indicating a possible role of lipids from sebaceous glands in the pathogenesis of AD.
Topics: Humans; Sebum; Dermatitis, Atopic; Chromatography, Liquid; Lipidomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Lipids
PubMed: 36308463
DOI: 10.1111/all.15569 -
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy :... Jun 2006The presence of sebum on the face is responsible for both facial shine and the formation of comedonal and inflammatory acne lesions. Sebum control is a goal of many OTC... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The presence of sebum on the face is responsible for both facial shine and the formation of comedonal and inflammatory acne lesions. Sebum control is a goal of many OTC skin care products; however, most currently available products function by absorbing sebum from the face rather than modulating its production.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the effect of topical 2% niacinamide on sebum excretion rates and casual sebum production in Oriental and Caucasian populations.
METHODS
Separate clinical trials were conducted in both Japan and the USA to evaluate the effect of topical 2% niacinamide in different ethnic groups. A total of 100 Japanese subjects were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison between two independent balanced groups. Fifty subjects applied the 2% niacinamide moisturizer to the face for 4 weeks and 50 subjects used a placebo moisturizer for 4 weeks, with sebum excretion rate (SER) measurements taken at baseline, week 2, and week 4. In addition, 30 Caucasian subjects were enrolled in a randomized split-face study for 6 weeks with SER and casual sebum levels (CSL) measured at baseline, week 3, and week 6.
RESULTS
The results of the Japanese study demonstrated that the SER of the two groups was not significantly different at baseline, but the 2% niacinamide treated group demonstrated significantly lowered SER after 2 and 4 weeks of application. The results were somewhat different in the Caucasian study. After 6 weeks of treatment, the CSL was significantly reduced, but the SER was not significantly reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
Topical 2% niacinamide may be effective in lowering the SER in Japanese individuals and CSL in Caucasian individuals.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Face; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum
PubMed: 16766489
DOI: 10.1080/14764170600717704 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2017Acne is one of the most common skin disorders, and its occurrence is closely related to many factors, including sebum secretion, hormone levels, bacterial infection, and... (Review)
Review
Acne is one of the most common skin disorders, and its occurrence is closely related to many factors, including sebum secretion, hormone levels, bacterial infection, and inflammatory reactions. Among these, changes in sebum secretion are believed to be one important factor of acne. Increased sebum secretion can induce acne occurrence, and increasing evidence indicates sebum component changes are also strongly related to acne occurrence. Recently, developments in lipidomics have provided effective lipid analysis methods. These can help elucidate the effects of different types of sebum on acne occurrence and provide a theoretical basis for research on the mechanisms of acne pathogenesis and treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Lipids; Sebum
PubMed: 28556292
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12345 -
PeerJ 2023Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on... (Review)
Review
Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on how the body resists pathogen establishment before activation of immune responses are understudied. Skin surfaces of mammals are the first line of defense against abiotic stressors and pathogens, and skin attributes such as pH, microbiomes, and lipids influence disease outcomes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum composed of multiple types of lipids with species-specific compositions. Sebum affects skin barrier function by contributing to minimizing water loss, supporting thermoregulation, protecting against pathogens, and preventing UV-induced damage. Sebum also affects skin microbiome composition both via its antimicrobial properties, and by providing potential nutrient sources. Intra- and interspecific variation in sebum composition influences skin disease outcomes in humans and domestic mammal species but is not well-characterized in wildlife. We synthesized knowledge on sebum function in mammals in relation to skin diseases and the skin microbiome. We found that sebum composition was described for only 29 live, wild mammalian species. Sebum is important in dermatophilosis, various forms of dermatitis, demodicosis, and potentially white-nose syndrome. Sebum composition likely affects disease susceptibility, as lipid components can have antimicrobial functions against specific pathogens. It is unclear why sebum composition is species-specific, but both phylogeny and environmental effects may drive differences. Our review illustrates the role of mammal sebum function and influence on skin microbes in the context of skin diseases, providing a baseline for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of disease resistance beyond immune responses.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Sebum; Skin Diseases; Mammals; Lipids; Microbiota; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38144187
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16680 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2000Recent contributions to the understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of sebum production and of the lipids on the skin surface are leading to the development of... (Review)
Review
Recent contributions to the understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of sebum production and of the lipids on the skin surface are leading to the development of effective strategies to regulate excessive sebum production and its consequences through the use of cosmetics and skin care products.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cosmetics; Humans; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum; Skin Care
PubMed: 11059369
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70212-6 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jul 1986New data have shown that sebum secretion is highest in young adults and then declines steadily throughout life in both men and women. This parallels the decline in... (Review)
Review
New data have shown that sebum secretion is highest in young adults and then declines steadily throughout life in both men and women. This parallels the decline in androgen levels, but this cannot be the sole factor because there is so much overlap in sebaceous gland activity between men and women. The increased occurrence of dry skin in the elderly has been shown to be unrelated to the sebum secretion rate. This is not unexpected, as children, with even less sebum, rarely have this problem. Seborrheic dermatitis, which is also much more common in the elderly, is also unrelated to sebum secretion rate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Female; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum; Secretory Rate; Sex Characteristics; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 2941202
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2018Skin health is an important aspect of aesthetics. Dermatologists and scientists try to develop novel methods and materials to fulfill this aim. Facial cosmetics keep... (Review)
Review
Skin health is an important aspect of aesthetics. Dermatologists and scientists try to develop novel methods and materials to fulfill this aim. Facial cosmetics keep skin moist and remove sebum from the skin to maintain proper skin health. The use of suitable cosmetics according to the facial skin type results in healthy skin. Facial masks are the most prevalent cosmetic products utilized for skin rejuvenation. Facial masks are divided into four groups: (a) sheet masks; (b) peel-off masks; (c) rinse-off masks; and (d) hydrogels. Each of these has some advantages for specific skin types based on the ingredients used. The following article presents the available information about the facial mask. Also, we have focused on the facial masks available in the market. Despite several developments in this field, extensive research is required for performing successful and precise clinical trials in the future. Further improvements would enable the researchers to develop new products in this field. In this review, we present the most recent breakthroughs in the field of skin care and rejuvenation by cosmeceutical facial mask. This information is valuable to get the picture of the latest trends and also helpful for clinicians and related manufacturing companies.
Topics: Cosmeceuticals; Cosmetics; Face; Humans; Hydrogels; Rejuvenation; Sebum; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 30133135
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12730 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jul 2017Hunt et al. show that olumacostat glasaretil, an inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, reduces saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains in sebaceous... (Review)
Review
Hunt et al. show that olumacostat glasaretil, an inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, reduces saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains in sebaceous lipids. Topical olumacostat glasaretil application decreases hamster ear sebaceous gland size and shows efficacy in treating patients with acne vulgaris. Olumacostat glasaretil-mediated sebum suppression may reduce Propionibacterium acnes growth and biofilm formation, comedogenesis, and inflammation.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Sebum; Tretinoin
PubMed: 28647025
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.026 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... May 2016Sebum may contribute to the composition of the tear film lipid layer naturally or as a contaminant artifact from collection. The aims of this study were to determine: if...
PURPOSE
Sebum may contribute to the composition of the tear film lipid layer naturally or as a contaminant artifact from collection. The aims of this study were to determine: if sebum changes the rheology of meibum surface films; if the resonance near 5.2 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra of sebum is due to squalene (SQ); and if sebum or SQ, a major component of sebum, interacts with human meibum.
METHODS
Human meibum was collected from the lid margin with a platinum spatula. Human sebum was collected using lipid absorbent tape. Langmuir trough technology was used to measure the rheology of surface films. Infrared spectroscopy was used to measure lipid conformation and phase transitions. We used 1H-NMR to measure composition and confirm the primary structure of SQ.
RESULTS
The NMR resonance near 5.2 ppm in the spectra of human sebum was from SQ which composed 28 mole percent of sebum. Both sebum and SQ lowered the lipid order of meibum. Sebum expanded meibum films at lower concentrations and condensed meibum films at higher concentrations. Sebum caused meibum to be more stable at higher pressures (greater maximum surface pressure).
CONCLUSIONS
Physiological levels of sebum would be expected to expand or fluidize meibum making it spread better and be more surface active (qualities beneficial for tear film stability). Sebum would also be expected to stabilize the tear film lipid layer, which may allow it to withstand the high shear pressure of a blink.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meibomian Glands; Middle Aged; Phase Transition; Sebum; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Surface Properties; Tears
PubMed: 27145473
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19117 -
Journal of the European Academy of... May 2014Hyperseborrhoea has been considered as a major aetiopathogenetic factor of acne. However, changes in sebaceous gland activity not only correlate with seborrhoea but also... (Review)
Review
Hyperseborrhoea has been considered as a major aetiopathogenetic factor of acne. However, changes in sebaceous gland activity not only correlate with seborrhoea but also with alterations in sebum fatty acid composition. Current findings indicate that sebum lipid fractions with proinflammatory properties and inflammatory tissue cascades are associated in the process of the development of acne lesions. The oxidant/antioxidant ratio of the skin surface lipids and alterations of lipid composition are the main players in the induction of acne inflammation. Nutrition may influence the development of seborrhoea, the fractions of sebum lipids and acne. Acne is an inflammatory disease probably triggered, among others, by proinflammatory sebum lipid fractions.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Inflammation; Sebum
PubMed: 24134468
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12298