-
Skin Pharmacology : the Official... 1993We present a novel method for studying the changing characteristics of sebum excretion of facial skin over a 3-hour period. Sebum production can be quantified by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We present a novel method for studying the changing characteristics of sebum excretion of facial skin over a 3-hour period. Sebum production can be quantified by analysis of the pore patterns formed on a sebum-sensitive tape (Sebutape). We applied the CIE principles of reflectance colorimetry by measuring L*, a* and b* of Sebutapes every 15 min during 3 h of sebum collection. This combined technique yielded valuable new informations on the kinetics of sebum excretion, allowing the distinction between the follicular reservoir effect and the sebum flow.
Topics: Adult; Colorimetry; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Forehead; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Reagent Strips; Reproducibility of Results; Sebum; Skin; Time Factors
PubMed: 8489774
DOI: 10.1159/000211083 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Dec 1978Thin-layer chromatography and infrared reflectance spectroscopy were compared as methods for measuring sebum composition. Solutions of varying known concentrations of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Thin-layer chromatography and infrared reflectance spectroscopy were compared as methods for measuring sebum composition. Solutions of varying known concentrations of free fatty acids and triglycerides were analyzed by both methods. Skin surface lipid samples were similarly analyzed. Infrared spectroscopy produced more variable data than thin-layer chromatography with photodensitometry. This was particularly true at low concentrations of free fatty acids. It is concluded that thin-layer chromatography with photodensitometry is a more accurate method for the measurement of sebum composition.
Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Sebum; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 722114
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12556760 -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Feb 2009The human skin surface and hair are generally coated with a thin film of liquid phase sebaceous lipids. This surface lipid film contributes to the cosmetic properties of...
The human skin surface and hair are generally coated with a thin film of liquid phase sebaceous lipids. This surface lipid film contributes to the cosmetic properties of the skin. Synthetic sebum has been used for studies on properties of skin and hair. However, there has been no standardized formulation of synthetic sebum and many of the synthetic sebum formulations that have been used do not closely resemble actual sebum. In this study, a formulation for a standardized and inexpensive synthetic sebum is proposed, and the chemical stability of this lipid mixture is demonstrated under conditions of use and storage. The proposed synthetic sebum consists of 17% fatty acid, 44.7% triglyceride, 25% wax monoester (jojoba oil) and 12.4% squalene. This lipid mixture takes up approximately 6% of its weight in water when equilibrated in an atmosphere saturated with water vapour. It is stable on exposure to the atmosphere at 32 degrees C for at least 48 h, and it is also stable on storage at 4 or -20 degrees C, either dry or in chloroform : methanol solution for at least 6 months. This synthetic sebum could be useful in studies on cosmetic properties of the skin surface or hair, on penetration of chemicals into the skin or in development of standardized tests of laundry detergent performance.
Topics: Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Humans; Oleic Acid; Sebum; Squalene; Surface Properties; Triolein; Vitamin E; Waxes
PubMed: 19134124
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00468.x -
Dermatologica 1990It is currently agreed that ambient temperature influences the sebum excretion rate. By using the Sebutape technique we have confirmed this concept, which is related to...
It is currently agreed that ambient temperature influences the sebum excretion rate. By using the Sebutape technique we have confirmed this concept, which is related to an increased delivery of sebum to the surface of the skin without an increment in the number of active sebaceous follicles.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Seasons; Sebum; Secretory Rate
PubMed: 2394299
DOI: 10.1159/000247853 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Dec 2014Sebum plays a key role in the initiation of the acne lesions. Oxidized sebum lipids cause keratynocytes hyperproliferation and inflammatory cytokines release....
BACKGROUND
Sebum plays a key role in the initiation of the acne lesions. Oxidized sebum lipids cause keratynocytes hyperproliferation and inflammatory cytokines release. Association between sebum oxidation and comedogenesis has been little investigated in comedonal acne.
OBJECTIVES
Evaluation of sebum oxidation parameters and levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α) in patients with mild comedonal acne (MCA) before and after the treatment with a mixed RetinSphere® - vitamin E formulation.
METHODS
Sebum excretion rate (SER), squalene concentration, and oxidation degree of sebum were measured in 18 MCA patients and 10 controls. IL-1α levels in the stratum corneum were measured in both lesional and non-lesional facial areas of MCA patients. Sebum parameters and IL-1α were measured at week 4 of topical treatment. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) was performed in a subset of four patients at the baseline and at week 4 and all patients were assessed clinically before and following the 8 week-treatment.
RESULTS
Sebum excretion rate and squalene concentration were comparable between MCA patients and healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the percentage of oxidized squalene (SQOX) were significantly elevated in the sebum of MCA patients. The concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α in stratum corneum was significantly higher in the lesional area compared with non-lesional area of the MCA patients at the baseline. At week 4, while SER and squalene concentration did not vary significantly, the LPO levels and the SQOX percentage resulted decreased at a significant extent. Following the treatment, IL-1α concentration in the lesional area reached values comparable to those of unaffected areas. Consistent with the biochemical data, RCM showed the reduction of hyperkeratinization and of inflammatory cells infiltration of the adnexal structures epithelium, significant clinical improvement was recorded at week 8.
CONCLUSION
The data further support the involvement of lipid oxidation and particularly by-products of squalene oxidation in comedogenesis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Oxidation-Reduction; Sebum
PubMed: 24628899
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12431 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Feb 2013Enlarged facial pores have been esthetic problems and have become a matter of cosmetic concern. Several factors are supposed to be related to the enlargement of facial... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Enlarged facial pores have been esthetic problems and have become a matter of cosmetic concern. Several factors are supposed to be related to the enlargement of facial pores, although scientific evaluations were not performed yet.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the correlation between facial pores and possible relating factors such as age, gender, sebum secretion, skin elasticity, and the presence of acne, using objective bioengineering instruments.
METHODS
Sixty volunteers, 30 males and 30 females, participated in this study. Various parameters of facial pores were assessed using the Robo Skin Analyzer. The facial sebum secretion and skin elasticity were measured using the Sebumeter and the Cutometer, respectively. These data were compared and correlated to examine the possible relationship between facial pores and age, sebum secretion and skin elasticity, according to gender and the presence of acne.
RESULTS
Male gender and the existence of acne were correlated with higher number of facial pores. Sebum secretion levels showed positive correlation with facial pores. The R7 parameter of skin elasticity was negatively correlated with facial pores, suggesting increased facial pores with decreased skin elasticity. However, the age and the severity of acne did not show a definite relationship with facial pores.
CONCLUSION
Male, increased sebum and decreased skin elasticity were mostly correlated with facial pore development. Further studies on population with various demographic profiles and more severe acne may be helpful to elucidate the potential effect of aging and acne severity on facial pores.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Age Factors; Bioengineering; Elasticity; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Sebum; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Characteristics; Skin; Skin Aging; Young Adult
PubMed: 22211382
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00605.x -
Archives of Dermatology Mar 1994
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebum; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 8129417
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Dec 1977
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Eczema; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Sebum; Skin
PubMed: 146580
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1977.tb01576.x -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Recent studies about the cutaneous barrier demonstrated consistent evidence that the stratum corneum is a metabolically active structure and also has adaptive functions,... (Review)
Review
Recent studies about the cutaneous barrier demonstrated consistent evidence that the stratum corneum is a metabolically active structure and also has adaptive functions, may play a regulatory role in the inflammatory response with activation of keratinocytes, angiogenesis and fibroplasia, whose intensity depends primarily on the intensity the stimulus. There are few studies investigating the abnormalities of the skin barrier in rosacea, but the existing data already show that there are changes resulting from inflammation, which can generate a vicious circle caused a prolongation of flare-ups and worsening of symptoms. This article aims to gather the most relevant literature data about the characteristics and effects of the state of the skin barrier in rosacea.
Topics: Dermatitis; Humans; Rosacea; Sebum; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 26982780
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163541 -
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics :... Jan 2019The skin surface, our first barrier against the external environment, is covered by the sebum oil, a lipid film composed of sebaceous and epidermal lipids, which is...
The skin surface, our first barrier against the external environment, is covered by the sebum oil, a lipid film composed of sebaceous and epidermal lipids, which is important in the regulation of the hydration level of our skin. Here, we investigate the pathways leading to the transfer of epidermal lipids from the skin lipid bilayer to the sebum. We show that the sebum triglycerides, a major component of sebum, interact strongly with the epidermal lipids and extract them from the bilayer. Using microsecond time scale molecular dynamics simulations, we identify and quantify the free energy associated with the skin lipid extraction process.
Topics: Ceramides; Cholesterol; Epidermis; Fatty Acids; Lipid Bilayers; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Sebum; Solid Phase Extraction; Thermodynamics; Triglycerides
PubMed: 30607404
DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05706k