-
Nature Communications May 2023Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the primary pathogen in childhood caries (tooth decay). While the role of polymicrobial communities is appreciated, it...
Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the primary pathogen in childhood caries (tooth decay). While the role of polymicrobial communities is appreciated, it remains unclear whether other microorganisms are active contributors or interact with pathogens. Here, we integrate multi-omics of supragingival biofilm (dental plaque) from 416 preschool-age children (208 males and 208 females) in a discovery-validation pipeline to identify disease-relevant inter-species interactions. Sixteen taxa associate with childhood caries in metagenomics-metatranscriptomics analyses. Using multiscale/computational imaging and virulence assays, we examine biofilm formation dynamics, spatial arrangement, and metabolic activity of Selenomonas sputigena, Prevotella salivae and Leptotrichia wadei, either individually or with S. mutans. We show that S. sputigena, a flagellated anaerobe with previously unknown role in supragingival biofilm, becomes trapped in streptococcal exoglucans, loses motility but actively proliferates to build a honeycomb-like multicellular-superstructure encapsulating S. mutans, enhancing acidogenesis. Rodent model experiments reveal an unrecognized ability of S. sputigena to colonize supragingival tooth surfaces. While incapable of causing caries on its own, when co-infected with S. mutans, S. sputigena causes extensive tooth enamel lesions and exacerbates disease severity in vivo. In summary, we discover a pathobiont cooperating with a known pathogen to build a unique spatial structure and heighten biofilm virulence in a prevalent human disease.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Virulence; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Streptococcus mutans; Biofilms
PubMed: 37217495
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38346-3 -
Infection and Immunity Feb 2023Increased prevalence and abundance of Selenomonas sputigena have been associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues, for more...
Increased prevalence and abundance of Selenomonas sputigena have been associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues, for more than 50 years. Over the past decade, molecular surveys of periodontal disease using 16S and shotgun metagenomic sequencing approaches have confirmed the disease association of classically recognized periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia while highlighting previously underappreciated organisms such as Filifactor alocis and S. sputigena. Despite abundant clinical association between and periodontal disease, we have little to no understanding of its pathogenic potential, and virulence mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, we sought to characterize the response of gingival epithelial cells to infection with . Here, we show that attaches to gingival keratinocytes and induces expression and secretion of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammation and leukocyte recruitment. We demonstrate that induces signaling through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 but evades activation of TLR5. Cytokines released from -infected keratinocytes induced monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis. These results show that S. -host interactions have the potential to contribute to bacterially driven inflammation and tissue destruction, the hallmark of periodontitis. Characterization of previously unstudied pathogens may provide novel approaches to develop therapeutics to treat or prevent periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontal Diseases; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 36648232
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00319-22 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1981Selenomonas sputigena is a curved motile anaerobic gram-negative rod that is a part of the normal upper respiratory tract of man. We present a case of speticemia...
Selenomonas sputigena is a curved motile anaerobic gram-negative rod that is a part of the normal upper respiratory tract of man. We present a case of speticemia associated with this organism and believe it to be the first such report describing systemic disease.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Sepsis
PubMed: 7037840
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.14.6.684-685.1981 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Apr 2018Flagellated, Gram-negative, anaerobic, crescent-shaped species are colonizers of the digestive system, where they act at the interface between health and disease. is...
Flagellin Glycoproteomics of the Periodontitis Associated Pathogen Reveals Previously Not Described -glycans and Rhamnose Fragment Rearrangement Occurring on the Glycopeptides.
Flagellated, Gram-negative, anaerobic, crescent-shaped species are colonizers of the digestive system, where they act at the interface between health and disease. is also considered a potential human periodontal pathogen, but information on its virulence factors and underlying pathogenicity mechanisms is scarce. Here we provide the first report of a glycoprotein, showing that produces a diversely and heavily -glycosylated flagellin C9LY14 as a major cellular protein, which carries various hitherto undescribed rhamnose- and -acetylglucosamine linked -glycans in the range from mono- to hexasaccharides. A comprehensive glycomic and glycoproteomic assessment revealed extensive glycan macro- and microheterogeneity identified from 22 unique glycopeptide species. From the multiple sites of glycosylation, five were unambiguously identified on the 437-amino acid C9LY14 protein (Thr149, Ser182, Thr199, Thr259, and Ser334), the only flagellin protein identified. The -glycans additionally showed modifications by methylation and putative acetylation. Some -glycans carried hitherto undescribed residues/modifications as determined by their respective values, reflecting the high diversity of native flagellin. We also found that monosaccharide rearrangement occurred during collision-induced dissociation (CID) of protonated glycopeptide ions. This effect resulted in pseudo Y1-glycopeptide fragment ions that indicated the presence of additional glycosylation sites on a single glycopeptide. CID oxonium ions and electron transfer dissociation, however, confirmed that just a single site was glycosylated, showing that glycan-to-peptide rearrangement can occur on glycopeptides and that this effect is influenced by the molecular nature of the glycan moiety. This effect was most pronounced with disaccharides. This study is the first report on -linked flagellin glycosylation in a species, revealing that C9LY14 is one of the most heavily glycosylated flagellins described to date. This study contributes to our understanding of the largely under-investigated surface properties of oral bacteria. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005859.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Flagellin; Glycopeptides; Glycosylation; Periodontitis; Polysaccharides; Proteomics; Recombinant Proteins; Rhamnose; Selenomonas
PubMed: 29339411
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.RA117.000394 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Apr 2015Selenomonas species have been associated with chronic periodontitis and have been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease. Scanty literature is available...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Selenomonas species have been associated with chronic periodontitis and have been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease. Scanty literature is available in Indian population. Hence, the objective of the study was to detect the prevalence of Selenomonas sputigena in healthy and chronic periodontitis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Indian population and to check whether smoking affects the subgingival microflora of this organism in chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 60 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis with or without smoking and periodontal healthy subjects underwent clinical and microbiological assessment. A deep subgingival plaque sample was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and analysed for detection of Selnomonas sputigena using PCR. The frequency and quantification of bacteria were also estimated.
RESULTS
All groups differed statistically significant in the frequency of detection of Selenomonas sputigena. On comparison of patients with chronic periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers, there was no statistically significant difference. When the results were quantified, statistically non-significant results were seen among all groups. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were statistically non-significant in chronic periodontitis with smokers and non-smokers.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of Selenomonas sputigena showed significant differences with respect to the frequency of detection when comparing the disease group to the healthy population. But no significant difference was seen when the results were quantified. Smoking has no influence on number of Selenomonas sputigena. This study highlights presence as well as quantity of the organism is very important in elucidating its role in causation and progression of the disease.
PubMed: 26023635
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12550.5782 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2016With the advent of DNA-based culture-independent techniques, a constantly growing number of Selenomonas phylotypes have been detected in patients with destructive...
BACKGROUND
With the advent of DNA-based culture-independent techniques, a constantly growing number of Selenomonas phylotypes have been detected in patients with destructive periodontal diseases. However, the prevalence levels that have been determined in different studies vary considerably.
AIM
The present study was undertaken to detect and compare the presence of Selenomonas sputigena in the subgingival plaque samples from generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), chronic generalized periodontitis, and periodontally healthy patients using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 90 patients were categorized as periodontally healthy individuals (Group I, n = 30), chronic generalized periodontitis (Group II, n = 30), and GAP (Group III, n = 30). The clinical parameters were recorded and subgingival plaque samples were collected. These were then subjected to conventional PCR analysis.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test was used for multiple group comparisons followed by Mann-Whitney U-test for pairwise comparison.
RESULTS
On comparison between three groups, all the clinical parameters were found to be statistically highly significant. Comparing Groups I-II and I-III, the difference in detection was found to be statistically highly significant whereas in Groups II-III, it was statistically nonsignificant. On comparison of S. sputigena detected and undetected patients to clinical parameters in various study groups, the difference was found to be nonsignificant.
CONCLUSION
S. sputigena was found to be significantly associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Although the difference in its detection frequency in both groups was statistically nonsignificant when compared clinically, S. sputigena was more closely associated with the GAP.
PubMed: 27563202
DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.181247 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by complex interactions between distinct pathogens in a biofilm resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. It... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by complex interactions between distinct pathogens in a biofilm resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. It seems evident that unknown microorganisms might be involved in onset or progression of periodontitis. For many decades, research in the field of oral microbiology failed to identify certain subgingival microbiota due to technical limitations but, over a period of 12 years using molecular approaches and sequencing techniques, it became feasible to reveal the existence of new periodontal pathogens. Therefore, it is evident that in addition to conventional periodontal pathogens, other microbes might be involved in onset and progression of periodontitis. The novel pathogens enlisted under periodontal phylogeny include , , , , , , , , and . The polymicrobial etiology of periodontitis has been elucidated by comprehensive techniques, and studies throwing light on the possible virulence mechanisms possessed by these novel periodontal pathogens are enlisted.
PubMed: 28979069
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_288_16 -
Microbios 1999The nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences for oral Gram-negative anaerobic motile bacteria, Centipeda periodontii, Selenomonas sputigena and Selenomonas species...
The nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences for oral Gram-negative anaerobic motile bacteria, Centipeda periodontii, Selenomonas sputigena and Selenomonas species (formerly S. sputigena type strain), were determined in order to unveil their relationship to other oral motile bacteria. To determine the phylogenetic characterization of these bacteria, their 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained and compared with those from the ribosomal sequence databases previously reported. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these bacteria were similar to those of Selenomonas ruminantium and Schwartzia succinivorans isolated from rumens, and to Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus isolated from spoiled beer. Among oral bacteria, the nucleotide sequence analysis of these bacteria revealed high nucleotide similarity to Veillonella species, whereas low similarity to oral motile bacteria such as Campylobacter species. Phylogenetic analysis clearly confirmed that C. periodontii and two Selenomonas species were classified as relatives of a group besides Selenomonas, Schwartzia, and Pectinatus species, and not as close relatives to oral motile bacteria, such as Campylobacter species. These results suggest that such oral Gram-negative anaerobic motile bacteria are close relatives of oral bacteria.
Topics: Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Selenomonas
PubMed: 10464949
DOI: No ID Found -
Infection and Immunity Oct 1989Twenty-eight strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and 41 Selenomonas strains, including S. sputigena (24 strains), S. flueggei (10 strains), S. infelix (5 strains), and S....
Coaggregation of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Selenomonas flueggei, Selenomonas infelix, Selenomonas noxia, and Selenomonas sputigena with strains from 11 genera of oral bacteria.
Twenty-eight strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and 41 Selenomonas strains, including S. sputigena (24 strains), S. flueggei (10 strains), S. infelix (5 strains), and S. noxia (2 strains), were tested for their ability to coaggregate with each other and with 49 other strains of oral bacteria representing Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Propionibacterium, Rothia, Streptococcus, and Veillonella species. Selenomonads coaggregated with fusobacteria and with Actinomyces naeslundii PK984 but not with any of the other bacteria, including other selenomonads. In contrast, fusobacteria coaggregated with members of all genera, although not with all strains of each species tested. Each fusobacterium strain appeared to have its own set of partners and coaggregation properties, unlike their partners, whose coaggregation properties in earlier surveys delineated distinct coaggregation groups. Coaggregations of fusobacteria with the 63 gram-negative strains were usually inhibited by EDTA, whereas those with the 27 gram-positive strains were usually not inhibited. Likewise, lactose-inhibitable coaggregations were common among some strains of fusobacteria and some strains from each of the genera containing gram-negative partners but were rarely observed with gram-positive partners. Heating the fusobacteria at 85 degrees C for 30 min completely prevented coaggregation with most partners, suggesting the involvement of a protein on the fusobacteria. Heat treatment of many of the gram-negative partners not only enhanced their coaggregation with the fusobacteria but also changed lactose-sensitive coaggregations to lactose-insensitive coaggregations. Although fusobacteria coaggregated with a broader variety of oral partner strains than any other group of oral bacteria tested to date, each fusobacterium exhibited coaggregation with only a certain set of partner strains, and none of the fusobacteria adhered to other strains of fusobacteria, indicating that recognition of partner cell surfaces is selective. The strains of F. nucleatum are heterogeneous and cannot be clustered into distinct coaggregation groups. Collectively, these results indicate that coaggregation between fusobacteria and many gram-negative partners is significantly different from their coaggregation with gram-positive partners. The contrasting variety of partners for fusobacteria and selenomonads supports the concept of coaggregation partner specificity that has been observed with every genus of oral bacteria so far examined.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Fusobacterium; Hot Temperature; Lactose; Mouth; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 2777378
DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.10.3194-3203.1989 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Jun 1997Chemical and biological studies were performed on lipopolysaccharide isolated from Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150T, a possible causative agent of periodontal diseases.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Chemical and biological studies were performed on lipopolysaccharide isolated from Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150T, a possible causative agent of periodontal diseases. The sugar components of the lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena were mannose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (heptose), 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine in a molar ratio of 0.3:1.0:1.0:1.0:0.2:3.0:3.2 (mol/mol heptose). Sephadex G-50 chromatography of the polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by partial hydrolysis yielded three fractions: the O-polysaccharide chain attached to the core oligosaccharide, the core oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. Compositional analysis of these fractions revealed that lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena carries a short O-polysaccharide chain consisting of galactose and glucosamine and that the core oligosaccharide consisted of glucose, heptose, glucosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid. It is of particular interest that galactosamine was detected as a component sugar of the lipid A moiety in addition to glucosamine, which is a usual component sugar of the lipid A of most gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the lipid A of S. sputigena might have a unique backbone that differs from that of the lipid A of other gram-negative bacteria. Lipid A of S. sputigena consisted mainly of fatty acids such as undecanoic, tridecanoic, tridecenoic, 3-hydroxytridecanoic and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in a molar ratio of 0.4:1.0:0.3:4.0:0.5 (mol/mol tridecanoic acid). Lipopolysaccharide and lipid A from S. sputigena both exhibited biological activity in activating the clotting enzyme of Limulus amebocytes, the Schwartzman reaction, mitogenicity for murine lymphocytes and in inducing interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 production in murine macrophages to the same extent as those observed for lipopolysaccharide of the Salmonella serovar typhimurium used as a positive control. The results suggested that the lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena is a virulent factor in human periodontal diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae; Fatty Acids; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Limulus Test; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mitogens; Salmonella typhimurium; Virulence
PubMed: 9467402
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1997.tb00373.x