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Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2019Humans prioritize stimuli related to themselves rather than to other people. How we control these priorities is poorly understood, though it is relevant to the nature of... (Review)
Review
Humans prioritize stimuli related to themselves rather than to other people. How we control these priorities is poorly understood, though it is relevant to the nature of self-processing and a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, from cases of strokes, dementia to depression and schizophrenia. We update the Self-Attention Network proposed in 2016 by evaluating how self-prioritization interacts with Peterson and Posner's three attentional systems: alerting, orienting and executive control, based on evidence on a variety of behavioral and neuroscientific studies with healthy participants and patients with brain lesions. We suggest that all the three attentional networks contribute to self-prioritization. Understanding the nature of self-prioritization in attentional contexts may provide important clinical implications for a variety of disorders related to self-processing.
Topics: Attention; Behavior; Ego; Executive Function; Humans; Orientation
PubMed: 30913475
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.02.010 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2020In our review, we focus on self-related constructs in the context of eating disorders with four aims. First, we examine a variety of self-related constructs that have... (Review)
Review
In our review, we focus on self-related constructs in the context of eating disorders with four aims. First, we examine a variety of self-related constructs that have been theoretically and empirically linked to the development and course of eating disorders. In addition to the more well-researched constructs of self-esteem and self-efficacy, we also report on findings related to selflessness, contingent self-worth, self-objectification, ego-syntonicity, self-concept clarity, self-compassion, social comparison, self-oriented perfectionism/self-criticism, and narcissism. Second, we discuss self-related constructs that may be especially relevant to comorbidities common among those with eating disorders. Third, we review intervention and prevention programs where self-related constructs play a prominent role. Lastly, we share future research directions regarding self-related constructs and eating disorders that we believe will advance a deeper understanding of the role of the self in the eating disorders.
Topics: Ego; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Self Concept
PubMed: 30506587
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12448 -
The Journal of Analytical Psychology Jun 2022Working with patients who end their lives through suicide is one of the greatest challenges and fears a clinician might face. This paper explores the experience of...
Working with patients who end their lives through suicide is one of the greatest challenges and fears a clinician might face. This paper explores the experience of working with such patients in the course of psychiatric care and Jungian analysis. Jungian theory is used to explore a conceptual understanding of the dilemmas faced. Such theory points to an intractable conflict between Self and ego giving rise to unbearable distress, partly through difficulties arising in achieving individuation. The paper proposes that our difficulties in dealing with a patient's suicide might reflect a manifestation of relentless hope and, perhaps contentiously, these patients made a more considered decision in their final acts than prevailing clinical opinion suggests.
Topics: Ego; Humans; Individuation; Jungian Theory; Psychotherapy; Suicide
PubMed: 35856598
DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12820 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Jul 2023Such is the power of self-relevance, it has been argued that even arbitrary stimuli (e.g., shapes, lines, colors) with no prior personal connection are privileged during...
Such is the power of self-relevance, it has been argued that even arbitrary stimuli (e.g., shapes, lines, colors) with no prior personal connection are privileged during information processing following their association with the self (i.e., self-prioritization). This prioritization effect, moreover, is deemed to be stimulus driven (i.e., automatic), grounded in perception, and supported by specialized processing operations. Here, however, we scrutinize these claims and challenge this viewpoint. Although self-relevance unquestionably influences information processing, we contend that, at least at present, there is limited evidence to suggest that the prioritization of arbitrary self-related stimuli is compulsory, penetrates perception, and is underpinned by activity in a dedicated neural network. Rather, self-prioritization appears to be a task-dependent product of ordinary cognitive processes.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Ego
PubMed: 36356105
DOI: 10.1177/17456916221131273 -
The Psychoanalytic Quarterly Oct 2016This paper describes the shift that appears to be taking place in contemporary psychoanalysis, as reflected among intersubjective approaches, from a monological... (Review)
Review
This paper describes the shift that appears to be taking place in contemporary psychoanalysis, as reflected among intersubjective approaches, from a monological conception of the self to a dialogical one. The monological self emphasizes the separation between mind, body, and external world, focusing on the representational and descriptive/referential function of language. In contrast, the dialogical self emphasizes practices, the permeable nature of relationships between subjects, and the constitutive function of language. This paper attempts to explain the growing emphasis on the dialogical self, understood from a theoretical, metatheoretical, and technical point of view, using contemporary intersubjective approaches to illustrate this shift.
Topics: Communication; Ego; Humans; Psychoanalysis; Psychoanalytic Theory; Self Concept
PubMed: 27704579
DOI: 10.1002/psaq.12111 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jun 1997
Review
Topics: Choice Behavior; Ego; Humans; Internal-External Control; Reinforcement, Psychology; Social Control, Formal
PubMed: 9237467
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48248.x -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jun 1997
Review
Topics: Awareness; Behavior; Ego; Humans; Memory; Self Concept
PubMed: 9237462
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48242.x -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Dec 2018Longstanding psychological theories posit a link between empathy and altruism. A new study of anonymous kidney donors finds these 'extraordinary altruists' show an... (Review)
Review
Longstanding psychological theories posit a link between empathy and altruism. A new study of anonymous kidney donors finds these 'extraordinary altruists' show an increased overlap in neural responses to pain for self and others. These findings, alongside other recent studies of altruism, shed new light on the nature of selflessness.
Topics: Altruism; Ego; Empathy; Humans
PubMed: 30274837
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.09.003 -
Annual Review of Psychology 2002In this chapter, we examine the self and identity by considering the different conditions under which these are affected by the groups to which people belong. From a... (Review)
Review
In this chapter, we examine the self and identity by considering the different conditions under which these are affected by the groups to which people belong. From a social identity perspective we argue that group commitment, on the one hand, and features of the social context, on the other hand, are crucial determinants of central identity concerns. We develop a taxonomy of situations to reflect the different concerns and motives that come into play as a result of threats to personal and group identity and degree of commitment to the group. We specify for each cell in this taxonomy how these issues of self and social identity impinge upon a broad variety of responses at the perceptual, affective, and behavioral level.
Topics: Ego; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Social Environment; Social Identification
PubMed: 11752483
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135228 -
Journal of Medical Ethics Dec 1985
Topics: Deception; Ego; Humans; Philosophy
PubMed: 4078861
DOI: 10.1136/jme.11.4.210