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The British Journal of Educational... Jun 2022Self-efficacy beliefs have well established theoretical and empirical linkages to persistence and achievement. Budding theoretical and recent empirical research has...
BACKGROUND
Self-efficacy beliefs have well established theoretical and empirical linkages to persistence and achievement. Budding theoretical and recent empirical research has worked to connect self-efficacy to interest. Building on research in these areas, burgeoning research has begun to examine the relative role of intercept and slope of self-efficacy for these learning outcomes.
AIMS
This study builds on and extends previous research by testing the longitudinal implications of self-efficacy beliefs' latent growth for knowledge and interest gains.
METHODS
These aims were addressed by testing a fully forward, latent SEM, which included a latent growth curve (self-efficacy beliefs' for a course of study) framed by pre-post standardized tests and measures of individual interest in the domain. This research was undertaken in the motivationally challenging context of a compulsory foreign language university programme in western Japan. First- and second-year students from 10 faculties participated (n =1,184) across a single semester, resulting in seven separate data points.
RESULT
The SEM confirms the important longitudinal roles of self-efficacy beliefs' intercept within achievement, and both intercept and slope within future interest. Findings support and extend recent latent curve analysis with similar variables, lending further support to the critical role played by self-efficacy beliefs' within the development not only of knowledge but also of individual interest as a learning outcome.
Topics: Achievement; Humans; Learning; Self Efficacy; Students; Universities
PubMed: 34825702
DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12473 -
Journal of Nursing Measurement Sep 2022: To psychometrically evaluate a new investigator-developed 14-item Addiction Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES). : One hundred seventy-one subjects (114 male and 57 female)...
: To psychometrically evaluate a new investigator-developed 14-item Addiction Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES). : One hundred seventy-one subjects (114 male and 57 female) were recruited from an in-house rehabilitation program. Subjects were given the 14-item ASES between days 25 and 30 of the treatment program. : The item means ranged from 7.19 to 9.34. There was a ceiling effect on all 14 items. The ASES was found to be multidimensional with two factors accounting for 64% of the total variance explained. Reliability of subscale 1 with nine items was .92 whereas, subscale 2 with five items had a reliability of .86. : The ASES has evidence of reliability, face validity, and content validity.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 36127151
DOI: 10.1891/JNM-D-21-00004 -
Journal of Surgical Education 2021While many barriers to healthcare careers exist for URM students, a strong sense of self-efficacy may help mitigate these obstacles. This study explores how URM high...
OBJECTIVE
While many barriers to healthcare careers exist for URM students, a strong sense of self-efficacy may help mitigate these obstacles. This study explores how URM high school students describe their academic challenges and compares their descriptions across self-efficacy scores.
DESIGN
We conducted a convergent mixed methods study of URM high school students. Students completed a validated self-efficacy questionnaire and participated in semi-structured focus group interviews to discuss their approach to academic challenges, goal setting, and achievement. The primary outcome was academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy, measured using the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children. We separated participants into high and low self-efficacy groups based on scores in each domain. Using thematic analysis, we identified and compared common themes associated with academic challenges and goal setting.
SETTING
Surgical exposure pipeline program sponsored by Stanford University Department of Surgery PARTICIPANTS: Low-income, high academic achieving URM high school students interested in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, and/or healthcare careers.
RESULTS
Thirty-one high school students completed the focus groups and self-efficacy questionnaire. Most students scored in the high self-efficacy group for at least one domain: 65% for academic self-efficacy, 56% for social self-efficacy, and 19% for emotional self-efficacy. Four emergent themes highlighted participants' perspectives toward educational success: fulfillment in academic challenges, focus on future goals, failing forward, and asking for help. Compared to students with low self-efficacy scores, students in the high-scoring self-efficacy groups more often discussed strategies and concrete behaviors such as the importance of seeking support from teachers and peers and learning from failure.
CONCLUSIONS
Students in high self-efficacy groups were more comfortable utilizing approaches that helped them succeed academically. Additional efforts are needed to bolster student self-efficacy, particularly in students from URM backgrounds, to increase diversity in medical schools.
Topics: Career Choice; Child; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Minority Groups; Self Efficacy; Students, Medical
PubMed: 34011476
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.04.010 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2022Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.
BACKGROUND
Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV knowledge, ascribed cultural gender roles of machismo and marianismo, acculturation, attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors and sexual self-efficacy on protected sex, and the mediating effect of sexual self-efficacy between these predictors and protected sex.
METHODS
Part of a larger study, Hispanic college students from a Hispanic-serving institution in a U.S. southern border city were recruited.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Sexual self-efficacy was found a significant mitigating factor against sexual risks associated with machismo as well as a positive reinforcing element on attitudes toward protected sex. Study findings have implications toward the development of culturally sensitive evidence-based interventions that promote sexual self-efficacy skills among Hispanic males who strongly identify with culturally ascribed gender roles.
Topics: Male; Humans; Safe Sex; Self Efficacy; Sexual Behavior; Hispanic or Latino; Students
PubMed: 36345219
DOI: 10.1177/21501319221129934 -
Journal of Community Psychology Mar 2023Large-scale rural-to-urban migration has shaped the socialization contexts of rural adolescents in China and can potentially impact their developmental outcomes. In this...
Large-scale rural-to-urban migration has shaped the socialization contexts of rural adolescents in China and can potentially impact their developmental outcomes. In this study, using data from the first wave of the China Education Panel Study collected in 2013, we focused on self-efficacy, an important but under-studied facet of noncognitive development, and assessed how it was influenced by family migration status. We also explored the mediating role of family and school resources. We compared three groups of rural-origin adolescents with different family migration statuses: rural left-behind children (LBC), rural not-left-behind children (NLBC), and rural-to-urban migrant children (MC). Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate the main effects of rural-origin groups on self-efficacy and the mediating effects of family income, family social capital, and school social capital for the significant group effects on self-efficacy. We found similar levels of self-efficacy among MC and NLBC, who in turn, exhibited greater self-efficacy than LBC. Discrepancies in family and school resources mediated the self-efficacy gaps between LBC and their MC and NLBC counterparts. Notably, when their disadvantages in family and school resources were controlled for, LBC were more efficacious than MC and NLBC, indicating LBC's resilience and the potential for promoting self-efficacy in LBC by providing adequate resources and support.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Self Efficacy; Parents; Transients and Migrants; China; Rural Population
PubMed: 36490375
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22976 -
The British Journal of Educational... Mar 2022According to the self-enhancement perspective, self-efficacy and self-concept are shaped by prior achievement and have a crucial impact on future development. Their role...
BACKGROUND
According to the self-enhancement perspective, self-efficacy and self-concept are shaped by prior achievement and have a crucial impact on future development. Their role in improving performance on challenging tasks, such as mathematical modelling (i.e., solving realistic problems mathematically), has barely been studied.
AIMS
We investigated patterns of self-efficacy and self-concept and their predictive effects on mathematical modelling while taking into account school grades as measure of prior achievement and reasoning to reveal cognitive and motivational effects on achievement.
SAMPLE
N = 279 secondary students in Grade 8 or 9 from 16 classes and 6 schools participated in the study.
METHOD
The multi-informant design consisted of teachers' reports of school grades, students' reports of self-efficacy and self-concept (questionnaire-based), and assessment of students' reasoning and mathematical modelling.
RESULTS
Using random-intercept models, we found that the predictive effect of self-efficacy on mathematical modelling withstood taking the school-classroom-related nested structure into account, whereas self-concept lost its predictive value. Further, self-efficacy fully mediated the effect of school grades on mathematical modelling.
CONCLUSIONS
In line with the self-enhancement perspective on self-efficacy, our findings highlight the strength of motivational effects on mathematical modelling. When we take the nested structure into account, our results indicate an impact of school grades via self-efficacy on mathematical modelling independent of students' cognitive level or classroom. Given the diverse challenges such complex tasks present, important pedagogical and didactical recommendations, such as targeting the enhancement of students' self-efficacy by teachers and educational decision makers, can be drawn.
Topics: Achievement; Humans; Mathematics; Motivation; Self Concept; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 34228816
DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12443 -
Brain and Behavior Jan 2023The objective of this study was to understand the effects of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the degree of disability acceptance of people with physical disabilities...
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to understand the effects of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the degree of disability acceptance of people with physical disabilities living in COVID-19 pandemic on their social participation.
METHODS
Among the 4577 registered disabled people who participated in the 2nd wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED), 1682 people with physical disabilities who faithfully answered all the survey items were selected as the final study subjects. This study used the variables of social participation, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and disability acceptance, which were validated by experts' review and consulting and research at the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disability. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify variables that could predict the social participation of the study subjects.
RESULTS
The self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the degree of disability acceptance of people with physical disabilities were positively correlated with social participation. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem, the degree of disability acceptance, economic activity, and education level explained 22.4% of social participation.
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the degree of disability acceptance of people with physical disabilities were important variables affecting social participation. These psychoemotional variables shall be considered for intervention approaches to improve the social participation of people with physical disabilities in the future.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Social Participation; Pandemics; COVID-19; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 36448298
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2824 -
JMIR MHealth and UHealth Apr 2021Decreasing trends in the number of individuals accessing face-to-face support are leaving a significant gap in the treatment options for smokers seeking to quit....
BACKGROUND
Decreasing trends in the number of individuals accessing face-to-face support are leaving a significant gap in the treatment options for smokers seeking to quit. Face-to-face behavioral support and other interventions attempt to target psychological factors such as the self-efficacy and motivation to quit of smokers, as these factors are associated with an increased likelihood of making quit attempts and successfully quitting. Although digital interventions, such as smoking cessation mobile apps, could provide a promising avenue to bridge the growing treatment gap, little is known about their impact on psychological factors that are vital for smoking cessation.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to better understand the possible impact of smoking cessation mobile apps on important factors for successful cessation, such as self-efficacy and motivation to quit. Our aim is to assess the self-efficacy and motivation to quit levels of smokers before and after the use of smoking cessation mobile apps.
METHODS
Smokers seeking to quit were recruited to participate in a 4-week app-based study. After screening, eligible participants were asked to use a mobile app (Kwit or Quit Genius). The smoking self-efficacy questionnaire and the motivation to stop smoking scale were used to measure the self-efficacy and motivation to quit, respectively. Both were assessed at baseline (before app use), midstudy (2 weeks after app use), and end-study (4 weeks after app use). Paired sample two-tailed t tests were used to investigate whether differences in self-efficacy and motivation between study time points were statistically significant. Linear regression models investigated associations between change in self-efficacy and change in motivation to quit before and after app use with age, gender, and nicotine dependence.
RESULTS
A total of 116 participants completed the study, with the majority being male (71/116, 61.2%), employed (76/116, 65.6%), single (77/116, 66.4%), and highly educated (87/116, 75.0%). A large proportion of participants had a low to moderate dependence on nicotine (107/116, 92.2%). A statistically significant increase of 5.09 points (95% CI 1.83-8.34) from 37.38 points at baseline in self-efficacy was found at the end of the study. Statistically significant increases were also found for the subcomponents of self-efficacy (intrinsic and extrinsic self-efficacies). Similarly, a statistically significant increase of 0.38 points (95% CI 0.06-0.70) from 5.94 points at baseline in motivation to quit was found at the end of the study. Gender, age, and nicotine dependence were not statistically significantly associated with changes in self-efficacy and motivation to quit.
CONCLUSIONS
The assessed mobile apps positively impacted the self-efficacy and motivation to quit of smokers making quit attempts. This has important implications on the possible future use of digitalized interventions and how they could influence important psychological factors for quitting such as self-efficacy and motivation. However, further research is needed to assess whether digital interventions can supplement or replace traditional forms of therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mobile Applications; Motivation; Self Efficacy; Smokers; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33929336
DOI: 10.2196/25030 -
Psychological Reports Aug 2022The present study explored the effects of school connectedness and academic self-efficacy beliefs on academic performance among male and female high school students. It...
The present study explored the effects of school connectedness and academic self-efficacy beliefs on academic performance among male and female high school students. It was hypothesized that hope would mediate the effects of school connectedness and academic self-efficacy beliefs on academic performance. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in a city of Iran, from whom 500 individuals were selected as the study sample using multistage random sampling. To collect the required data, three questionnaires - i.e., academic self-efficacy subscale from the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scale by Midgley et al., Children's Hope Scale by Snyder et al., and Brown and Evans' School Connectedness Scale - were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was also applied to evaluate the proposed model, and the results indicated the statistical significance of all the path coefficients between the variables. The model showed the positive and significant relation of school connectedness, academic self-efficacy beliefs, and hope with academic performance and the relation of school connectedness and academic self-efficacy beliefs with hope. The fit indices showed that the model was well-fitted. Furthermore, the significance of all the indirect relationships was also confirmed. We concluded that, the high levels of school connectedness and academic self-efficacy are associated with high academic performance and hope seems to be an important mediator of these relationships.
Topics: Academic Performance; Child; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Schools; Self Efficacy; Students
PubMed: 33818192
DOI: 10.1177/00332941211006926 -
Journal of Community Psychology Apr 2023This study examines the mediating role of hope in the relationship between grit, general self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. The sample of the study consisted of 485...
This study examines the mediating role of hope in the relationship between grit, general self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. The sample of the study consisted of 485 university students (68.7% female). The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 39 (Mean: 20.85, SD: 2.30). According to the findings of the study, positive significant relationships were found between grit, general self-efficacy, hope and life satisfaction. hope fully mediated the impact of grit on life satisfaction. Additionally, hope fully mediates the effect of general self-efficacy on life satisfaction. These findings suggest that grit and general self-efficacy associated with life satisfaction can be better understood with hope. Hope can be a factor that increases individuals' resilience and general self-efficacy and is an important aspect of positive-based interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Self Efficacy; Personal Satisfaction; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult
PubMed: 36321957
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22962