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The Surgical Clinics of North America Feb 1980
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Hematocrit; Leukocyte Count; Pulmonary Circulation; Rats; Shock, Septic; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 7361219
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)42041-4 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1970
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Shock, Septic; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 5434667
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5693.430-a -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Apr 1983
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 6856373
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34363-2 -
JAMA Oct 1979
Topics: Emergencies; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 582611
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2014Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock are syndromes. The incidence of sepsis is as high as 35% and with mortality rates in the intensive care unit from 27% to 54% in... (Review)
Review
Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock are syndromes. The incidence of sepsis is as high as 35% and with mortality rates in the intensive care unit from 27% to 54% in sepsis and septic shock, respectively. Many new treatments have been tested but only few have been implemented in clinical practise. The treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock is based on the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines developed by an international expert panel. Early diagnosis, optimization of haemodynamics, rapid identification of focus and adequate antibiotic treatment are the most important strategies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Early Diagnosis; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sepsis; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 25292001
DOI: No ID Found -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2014Various unmeasured anions other than lactate appear in the blood of septic patients, including ketones. However, the occurrence of sepsis-induced ketoacidosis without...
Various unmeasured anions other than lactate appear in the blood of septic patients, including ketones. However, the occurrence of sepsis-induced ketoacidosis without diabetes mellitus has not been reported to date. We herein describe severe ketoacidosis in a patient with septic shock despite the absence of diabetes, alcohol and starvation. A 76-year-old woman presented with septic shock due to acute obstructive cholangitis. She exhibited ketoacidosis and a remarkably strong ion gap, except for ketones. Sepsis alone may lead to ketoacidosis in patients without diabetes under specific conditions. The accumulation of ketones and other strong anions can occur in cases involving a decreased metabolic function. There may be a pathological condition called septic ketoacidosis.
Topics: Aged; Cholangitis; Female; Humans; Ketones; Ketosis; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 24827487
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1791 -
Current Opinion in Critical Care Aug 2014We discuss the goals of resuscitation, in both the early and the later phases, measures of organ perfusion, fluid responsiveness and the consequences of tissue edema. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We discuss the goals of resuscitation, in both the early and the later phases, measures of organ perfusion, fluid responsiveness and the consequences of tissue edema.
RECENT FINDINGS
The cost of over-aggressive fluid resuscitation is increased organ failure and mortality. In anticipation of the upcoming trials on early goal-directed therapy, we explore strategies to maximize effectiveness of resuscitation. Furthermore, we review recent data on the choice of fluid therapy.
SUMMARY
Rapid diagnosis and early fluid resuscitation are crucial to patients with septic shock, initially with the primary goal to relieve the overt tissue hypoxia. Early fluid therapy is important with the caveat that patients must show an increase in their cardiac output. Beyond 6-12 h further positive fluid balance may not usefully improve tissue oxygenation and may be counterproductive.
Topics: Fluid Therapy; Humans; Oxygen; Resuscitation; Shock, Septic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24979550
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000116 -
Clinical Pharmacy Nov 1993Current knowledge about the pathophysiology of septic shock is reviewed, and biotechnology-based therapies under development are discussed. Patients with septic shock... (Review)
Review
Current knowledge about the pathophysiology of septic shock is reviewed, and biotechnology-based therapies under development are discussed. Patients with septic shock begin their clinical course with leukocytosis, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and organ hypoperfusion; shock ensues as immunologic and vasoactive mediators produce hypotension. There are many metabolic and cardiovascular responses, and single- or multiple-organ failure is common. Patients may experience adult respiratory distress syndrome. A multitude of endogenous and exogenous factors have been linked to the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock, including (1) endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria, (2) peptidoglycan and exotoxins from gram-negative bacteria, (3) endotoxin-binding proteins and receptors, (4) bactericidal proteases, (5) exotoxins from gram-positive bacteria, (6) acute-phase proteins and proteases, (7) cytokines, (8) arachidonic acid metabolites, (9) complement, (10) beta-endorphin, (11) histamine, (12) stimulation of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and proteases, and (13) endothelium-derived factors and adhesion molecules. Molecular entities and strategies under development to combat septic shock include monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin, active immunization with lipid-A analogues, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, interleukin inhibitors, and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Successful treatment of septic shock will probably require a combination of agents, including antimicrobials. An ideal goal for biotechnology in the area of septic shock is to prevent invading pathogens from overstimulating the host's immune system and to systematically eliminate those pathogens. Biotechnology is opening new avenues to the treatment of septic shock.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Endotoxins; Humans; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 8161370
DOI: No ID Found -
Critical Care Clinics Oct 2004Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in the United States. Improvements in the critical care management of septic shock have led to a decrease... (Review)
Review
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in the United States. Improvements in the critical care management of septic shock have led to a decrease in the mortality rate in the past decade. Septic shock in obstetric patients is rare. Pregnant women as a group are younger and have fewer comorbid conditions. Though little is known regarding the treatment of sepsis and septic shock in pregnancy, the same principles and treatment modalities discussed in this article should govern the management of pregnant women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 15388194
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2004.05.012 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Septic shock, a subset of sepsis, is a fatal condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology of septic shock is not fully... (Review)
Review
Septic shock, a subset of sepsis, is a fatal condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology of septic shock is not fully understood. Moreover, the diagnostic markers employed for identifying septic shock lack optimal sensitivity and specificity. Current treatment protocols for septic shock have not been effective in lowering the mortality rate of patients. Most cells exhibit the capability to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale vesicles that play a vital role in intercellular communication. In recent years, researchers have investigated the potential role of EVs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of different diseases, such as oncological, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes and septic shock. In this article, we present an overview of the inhibitory and facilitative roles that EVs play in the process of septic shock, the potential role of EVs in the diagnosis of septic shock, and the potential therapeutic applications of both native and engineered EVs in the management of septic shock.
Topics: Humans; Shock, Septic; Extracellular Vesicles; Sepsis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Communication
PubMed: 38343439
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324253