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Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015Dermatologists many a times encounter questions from patients and even colleagues asking about how to keep their hair looking clean, healthy and beautiful. Therefore,... (Review)
Review
Dermatologists many a times encounter questions from patients and even colleagues asking about how to keep their hair looking clean, healthy and beautiful. Therefore, familiarity and a basic knowledge of the available hair care products will help them to guide their patients properly. A shampoo not only provides the cleaning of the scalp skin and hair as its primary function, but in addition also serves to condition and beautify hair and acts as an adjunct in the management of various scalp disorders. To achieve this, various ingredients in the correct proportion are mixed to provide a shampoo which is suitable for individuals having different hair types and hair need. Among the ingredients that go into the making of a shampoo are detergents, conditioners, thickeners, sequestering agents, pH adjusters, preservatives and specialty additives. Hair conditioners are designed to improve hair manageability, decrease hair static electricity and add luster. They are used in several ways depending upon the state of hair and requirement of the individual. This article attempts to put forward the basic and practical aspects regarding use of these products.
PubMed: 26120149
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.156355 -
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2015Human hair serves a biological purpose of protecting the scalp, as well as physical attractiveness to the perception of beauty. Hair loss, graying of hair, dandruff and... (Review)
Review
Human hair serves a biological purpose of protecting the scalp, as well as physical attractiveness to the perception of beauty. Hair loss, graying of hair, dandruff and other conditions affecting hair conditions can be distressing to patients, as hair condition is often considered important in people's own assessment of physical beauty. Different hair types can benefit from different treatment methods to promote hair health and growth. External factors like exposure to the sun and smoking, dietary factors including malnutrition of essential fatty acids and vitamins, and chemicals applied to the hair and scalp in shampoos and other treatments can all cause damage to existing hair and impair hair growth. Specific chemicals found in many shampoos, including antimicrobial agents, surfactants and preservatives, can all impair different aspects of hair health. In this review, we aim to discuss the main hair issues, such as hair loss, followed by the safety assessments of selected ingredients in shampoo, and possible nourishment for scalp improvement. This review highlights areas of disagreement in the existing literature, and points to new directions for future studies. Key conclusions include the carcinogenic chemicals to avoid, alternatives of such ingredients, and scalp nourishing treatments with micronutrients.
Topics: Animals; Dandruff; Detergents; Hair; Hair Preparations; Humans; Scalp
PubMed: 26278532
DOI: 10.2174/1389201016666150817094447 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Aug 2020Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in both males as well as females, occurring in up to 57% of women by the age of 80 years. Androgenetic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in both males as well as females, occurring in up to 57% of women by the age of 80 years. Androgenetic alopecia is associated with a high psychological burden and often results in substantially reduced quality of life, poor body image and low self-esteem, particularly in women. Caffeine-based products have shown promise, both in vitro and in vivo, as potential treatments for AGA. This study was performed to determine the efficacy of a phyto-caffeine-containing shampoo used over a 6-month period in female subjects with AGA.
METHODS
This was a single-center, double-blind parallel trial in which female subjects with AGA were randomized to either a phyto-caffeine-containing shampoo or a control shampoo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the number of hairs pulled in a hair pull test at 6 months. Hair loss intensity, hair strength, subject satisfaction and tolerability were also assessed.
RESULTS
Subjects using the phyto-caffeine-containing shampoo had significantly fewer hairs pulled in a hair pull test at 6 months, compared with subjects using the control shampoo (-3.1 vs. -0.5 hairs; P<0.001). The majority of pre-specified secondary endpoints were also significantly improved for subjects using the phyto-caffeine-containing shampoo, compared with controls. Both products were very well tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with a control shampoo, a phyto-caffeine-containing shampoo was more efficacious, with respect to the number of hairs being pulled out at 6 months, hair loss intensity and hair strength in subjects with AGA.
Topics: Aged; Alopecia; Caffeine; Cosmetics; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hair; Hair Preparations; Humans; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29512972
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05499-8 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 1998The pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia is not fully understood. A microbial-driven inflammatory reaction abutting on the hair follicles might participate in the hair... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia is not fully understood. A microbial-driven inflammatory reaction abutting on the hair follicles might participate in the hair status anomaly.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to determine if ketoconazole (KCZ) which is active against the scalp microflora and shows some intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity might improve alopecia.
METHOD
The effect of 2% KCZ shampoo was compared to that of an unmedicated shampoo used in combination with or without 2% minoxidil therapy.
RESULTS
Hair density and size and proportion of anagen follicles were improved almost similarly by both KCZ and minoxidil regimens. The sebum casual level appeared to be decreased by KCZ.
CONCLUSION
Comparative data suggest that there may be a significant action of KCZ upon the course of androgenic alopecia and that Malassezia spp. may play a role in the inflammatory reaction. The clinical significance of the results awaits further controlled study in a larger group of subjects.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Analysis of Variance; Antifungal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hair; Hair Preparations; Humans; Ketoconazole; Male; Minoxidil; Regression Analysis; Sebaceous Glands; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 9669136
DOI: 10.1159/000017954 -
American Family Physician Feb 2015Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition in infants, adolescents, and adults. The characteristic symptoms-scaling, erythema, and itching-occur most often on the... (Review)
Review
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition in infants, adolescents, and adults. The characteristic symptoms-scaling, erythema, and itching-occur most often on the scalp, face, chest, back, axilla, and groin. Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of the lesions. The skin changes are thought to result from an inflammatory response to a common skin organism, Malassezia yeast. Treatment with antifungal agents such as topical ketoconazole is the mainstay of therapy for seborrheic dermatitis of the face and body. Because of possible adverse effects, anti-inflammatory agents such as topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors should be used only for short durations. Several over-the-counter shampoos are available for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, and patients should be directed to initiate therapy with one of these agents. Antifungal shampoos (long-term) and topical corticosteroids (short-term) can be used as second-line agents for treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatologic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 25822272
DOI: No ID Found -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... May 2002The diversity of qualities demanded from a shampoo by today's consumer go beyond the sole function of cleansing the hair and scalp. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and...
The diversity of qualities demanded from a shampoo by today's consumer go beyond the sole function of cleansing the hair and scalp. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and the shampoo formulation has to be tailored to all the possible variations associated with hair quality (dry, greasy, permed, bleached, dyed), age (baby shampoo), care habit (frequency of shampooing) and specific problems relating to the superficial condition of the scalp (dandruff, seborrhea). The standard graduate medical training programs devote limited attention to the subject of shampoos, and much of the readily available information concerning shampoos is supplied by the industry. We should be increasingly aware that our patients look to us to supply information on what can be expected from a shampoo to enable them to make more informed choices at the consumer level. Moreover, selected ingredients of shampoos that have been popular with the consumer are currently under attack because of potential risks associated with their use, e.g. halogenated organic compounds, formaldehyde, nitromusc, and crude coal tar. Their critical appraisal also has to follow strict scientific criteria.
Topics: Consumer Behavior; Consumer Product Safety; Detergents; Hair Diseases; Hair Preparations; Humans
PubMed: 12090124
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.59.5.256 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... May 2007Shampoos are the most frequently prescribed treatment for the hair and scalp. The different qualities demanded from a shampoo go beyond cleansing. A cosmetic benefit is... (Review)
Review
Shampoos are the most frequently prescribed treatment for the hair and scalp. The different qualities demanded from a shampoo go beyond cleansing. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and the shampoo has to be tailored to variations associated with hair quality, age, hair care habits, and specific problems related to the condition of the scalp. The reciprocal relationship between cosmetic technology and medical therapy is reflected in the advances of shampoo formulation that has made applications possible that combine benefits of cosmetic hair care products with efficacy of medicinal products. A shampoo is composed of 10 to 30 ingredients: cleansing agents (surfactants), conditioning agents, special care ingredients, and additives. Since the cleansing activity depends on the type and amount of surfactants utilized, shampoos are composed of a blend of different surfactants, depending on the requirements of the individual hair type. Development time from the concept to the commercial shampoo may take longer than a year. Much effort is invested in the development of conditioning agents, which impart luster, smoothness, volume and buoyancy. Another prerequisite is a scalp free of scaling. Current anti-dandruff agents primarily have an antimicrobial mode of action, and inhibit growth of Malassezia spp. Recent developments in shampoo technology have led to increased efficacy of anti-dandruff agents, allowing shorter contact time, and reducing irritation.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Detergents; Drug Eruptions; Hair; Hair Preparations; Humans; Malassezia; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 17451380
DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06304.x -
A review of shampoo surfactant technology: consumer benefits, raw materials and recent developments.International Journal of Cosmetic... Feb 2018Surfactants form the core of all shampoo formulations, and contribute to a wide range of different benefits, including cleansing, foaming, rheology control, skin... (Review)
Review
Surfactants form the core of all shampoo formulations, and contribute to a wide range of different benefits, including cleansing, foaming, rheology control, skin mildness and the deposition of benefit agents to the hair and scalp. The purpose of this review was to assist the design of effective, modern, shampoo surfactant technologies. The mechanisms through which surfactants help deliver their effects are presented, along with the appraisal techniques through which surfactant options can be tested and screened for product development. The steps that should be taken to select the most appropriate blend of surfactants are described, and useful information on the most widely used surfactants is provided. The review concludes with an examination of recent developments in 'greener' surfactants, 'sulphate-free' technologies and structured liquid phases for novel sensory properties and for suspending benefit agents.
Topics: Hair Preparations; Humans; Polymers; Rheology; Sulfates; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 29095493
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12439 -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... Oct 2021Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on... (Review)
Review
Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures.
PubMed: 34984093
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739241 -
Advancement in shampoo (a dermal care product): preparation methods, patents and commercial utility.Recent Patents on Inflammation &... Jan 2014Shampoo is a cleaning aid for hair and is the most evolving beauty products in the present scenario. Today's shampoo products are of great importance as they provide... (Review)
Review
Shampoo is a cleaning aid for hair and is the most evolving beauty products in the present scenario. Today's shampoo products are of great importance as they provide cleaning of hair with the benefits of conditioning, smoothing and good health of hair i.e. dandruff, dirt, grease and lice free hair. Various types of shampoos depending upon function, nature of ingredient, and their special effects are elaborated in this study. Generally shampoos are evaluated in terms of physical appearance, detergency, surface tension, foam quality, pH, viscosity, and percent of solid content, flow property, dirt dispersion, cleaning action, stability and wetting time. The attention should be paid at its patent portion which attracts towards itself as it provides wide knowledge related to shampoo. This article reviews the various aspects of shampoo in terms of preparation methods, various patents and commercial value.
Topics: Animals; Commerce; Detergents; Hair; Humans; Hygiene; Patents as Topic; Skin Care
PubMed: 24433548
DOI: 10.2174/1872213x08666140115110727