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International Journal of Cosmetic... Dec 2023Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting almost half of the world's population. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathophysiology is not well established and...
Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting almost half of the world's population. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathophysiology is not well established and is understood to be multifactorial, with factors such as fungal colonization, sebaceous gland activity and individual factors being implicated. There is a need for an effective and safe shampoo that can target the above factors. Hence, we have developed a shampoo formulation with properties of oil control, moisturizing, non-irritative, anti-fungal, anti-microbial and itch-relieving. In this interventional, open-label study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of this shampoo in reducing the clinical signs of dandruff and pruritus in patients with pre-existing mild-to-moderate dandruff over a course of 21-day treatment duration through self-assessment and objective clinical evaluations. After continued use of the shampoo, there was a significant decrease in the adherent and loose scalp flaking scores. Mean pruritus scores also decreased significantly across the 21-day time points. There were also no adverse events or skin intolerances reported. This study showed that our shampoo formulation has led to a significant reduction in both adherent and loose scalp flaking and pruritus when used in individuals suffering from mild to moderate dandruff. As such, it is an ideal shampoo, which can be used to effectively control dandruff.
Topics: Humans; Dandruff; Pyridines; Organometallic Compounds; Treatment Outcome; Pruritus; Hair Preparations; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 37539788
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12885 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Mar 2023Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition accompanied by erythema, flaking and itching. Dandruff is a milder form of SD. Selenium... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
UNLABELLED
Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition accompanied by erythema, flaking and itching. Dandruff is a milder form of SD. Selenium disulfide (SeS2) is beneficial in both conditions.
OBJECTIVES
to assess the efficacy of SeS2-based shampoo in dandruff/SD.
MATERIALS & METHODS
an international, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 1407 adult subjects. SeS2- based shampoo was used 2 to 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy criteria included improvement of hair, flaking, erythema and irritation on a scale from 0 to 5; investigator satisfaction was assessed at month 3 from 0 to 10. The subjects rated the impact of their hair problem (0 to 5), efficacy and satisfaction with SeS2-based shampoo at month 3. Tolerance was assessed throughout the study.
RESULTS
At baseline, 68.2% had a flake severity score of 3-5, 49.9% an erythema severity score of 3-5, and 46.2% an irritation severity score of 3-5; 28.2% were bothered and 41.5% were very bothered. At study end, SD/D had at least clearly improved in 89.6% of subjects. All clinical signs had significantly (p<0.001) improved. 95.6% of subjects reported less pruritus. Significantly fewer (15.4%, p<0.0001) subjects were still bothered. The overall subject satisfaction score was 8.9±1.4; 97.6% of investigators were satisfied or very satisfied. Tolerance was good or very good in 98.8% of subjects.
CONCLUSION
A SeS2-based shampoo applied 2 to 3 times per week is efficient and well tolerated in dandruff and SD.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dandruff; Hair Preparations; Erythema; Pruritus; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 37098775
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4402 -
The British Journal of Clinical Practice 1991The spectrum of disease known as dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis has been shown to be due to infection of the skin by the Pityrosporon species of fungus. Ketoconazole... (Review)
Review
The spectrum of disease known as dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis has been shown to be due to infection of the skin by the Pityrosporon species of fungus. Ketoconazole shampoo has been shown to suppress effectively both the organism's growth and the symptoms and signs of the clinical disorder.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Ketoconazole; Malassezia; Mycoses; Scalp Dermatoses; Selenium; Selenium Compounds
PubMed: 1839767
DOI: No ID Found -
Contact Dermatitis Dec 2017
Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Preparations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Sarcosine
PubMed: 29164693
DOI: 10.1111/cod.12851 -
Medical Mycology Feb 2021Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used...
UNLABELLED
Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used in antidandruff shampoos, although their efficacy is not clearly demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of antifungal treatments on scalp Malassezia via a combination of culturomic and genomic detection methods. Zinc pyrithione inhibited Malassezia growth at low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In a longitudinal pilot study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed a decrease in M. restricta on the scalp after zinc pyrithione treatment. These findings validate the antifungal efficacy of zinc pyrithione as a dandruff treatment.
LAY ABSTRACT
Malassezia yeasts are associated with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Zinc pyrithione is effective against Malassezia growth in vitro and when tested on human skin as a shampoo. These findings will be useful for investigating the role of Malassezia in skin microbiome intervention studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Cohort Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Malassezia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Pilot Projects; Pyridines; Scalp; Skin; Soaps; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symbiosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32785575
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa068 -
Environmental Research Mar 2022To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed...
To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed into a shampoo-filled plastic container to investigate the formation of shampoo aerosols and the possibility of their inhalation. The aerosols thus obtained had higher mass concentrations (geometric mean = 5779 μg m (PM) and 2249 μg m (PM)) than water aerosols (geometric mean = 927 μg m (PM) and 476 μg m (PM)). In particular, shampoo aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm, which can penetrate the alveoli when inhaled, had the highest mass concentration (geometric mean = 2000 μg m). The volatile organic compounds contained in shampoo aerosols featured alcohol and ether groups attached to dodecane and tetradecane backbones; these compounds were generated by the thermal decomposition of surfactants (i.e., lauryl and laureth sulfates) during instrumental analysis. The acquired data suggest that inhalation exposure and chronic inhalation toxicity evaluations should be performed for various shampoo usage conditions to ensure inhalation safety.
Topics: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Environmental Monitoring; Inhalation Exposure; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Sulfates; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 34478728
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111957 -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Apr 2023Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control...
BACKGROUND
Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes.
AIM
To develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti-dandruff efficacy.
METHODS
Micellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti-dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology.
RESULTS
Shampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate-based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti-dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers.
CONCLUSION
Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti-dandruff efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Hair Preparations; Pyridones; Dandruff; Dermatologic Agents; Scalp; Surface-Active Agents; Dermatitis, Seborrheic
PubMed: 36573829
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12835 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Oct 1965
PubMed: 20328372
DOI: No ID Found -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive... 2018Baby shampoo is used as an alternative surgical skin preparation, but the evidence supporting its use is scarce with no descriptions of efficacy in the periocular... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Baby shampoo is used as an alternative surgical skin preparation, but the evidence supporting its use is scarce with no descriptions of efficacy in the periocular region. The authors compare the efficacy of baby shampoo, povidone-iodine (PI, Betadine) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) in reducing eyelid skin bacterial load.
METHODS
Prospective, randomized, comparative, and interventional trial. Bacterial load on adult, human eyelid skin was quantitated before and after cleansing with 1) dilute baby shampoo, 2) 10% PI, or 3) 70% IA. Paired skin swabs were collected from a 1 cm area of the upper eyelid of subjects before and after a standardized surgical scrub technique. Samples were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar for 24 hours. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was assessed and bacterial load per square centimeter of eyelid skin was quantified.
RESULTS
Baseline and postcleansing samples were assessed from 42 eyelids of 42 subjects (n = 14 for each of baby shampoo, PI, and IA). Before cleansing, similar amounts of bacterial flora were grown from all specimens (median log CFU/cm = 2.04 before baby shampoo, 2.01 before PI, 2.11 before IA; p > 0.05). All 3 cleansing agents significantly reduced the bacterial load (p < 0.01 for each). There was no statistically significant difference in postcleansing bacterial load between the 3 cleansing agents (median log CFU/cm = 0.48 after baby shampoo, 0.39 after PI, 0.59 after IA; p > 0.05). Change from baseline in bacterial load was statistically similar for all 3 agents (median reduction in log CFU/cm = 1.28 with baby shampoo, 1.57 with PI, 1.40 with IA; p > 0.05). These corresponded to bacterial load reductions of 96.3%, 96.6%, and 98.4% for baby shampoo, PI, and IA, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Baby shampoo achieved comparable diminution in eyelid skin bacterial load to PI or IA. These data suggest baby shampoo may be an effective preoperative cleansing agent.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Povidone-Iodine; Preoperative Care; Prospective Studies; Skin; Soaps; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 28072611
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000000850 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2022Studies show that the extensive use of chemical shampoos has a negative impact on health. Given the recent trends, the use of herbal shampoos is gaining importance....
BACKGROUND
Studies show that the extensive use of chemical shampoos has a negative impact on health. Given the recent trends, the use of herbal shampoos is gaining importance. Cyclea peltata is a common plant in Kerala's coastal region that has traditionally been used to aid in wound healing, allergy relief, and hair and scalp improvement. Greenly produced silver nanoparticles made from plant sources have a wide range of medical applications.
OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to optimize the base of the shampoo with better solid content by OFAT studies and characterize the silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo base.
METHOD
Cyclea peltata leaves were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum for the shampoo formulation, substituting the chemical basis gelatin with an herbal fermented foundation. Silver nanoparticles combined with an herbal formulation should be as safe as herbal shampoo while also being as effective as chemical shampoo. Variation of concentration of Cyclea peltata leaf powder, variation of sucrose concentration, variation of concentration of yeast extract, variation of L. plantarum inoculum, variation of temperature, variation of agitation speed, and variation of time were all studied using the OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo bases were also characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis in order to better understand their properties.
RESULTS
The results clearly indicated that all the six factors had a significant effect on the growth and production of EPS. The pH considered for the shampoo base is above 5 so as to maintain the acidic mantle of the scalp. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base were obtained within 17th hour of incubation, with single surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Nanoparticles showed a peak at -11.6 mv of zeta potential which means that the particles are less agglomerative and stable. Similar groups were seen in ftir spectrum of fermented silver nanoparticles and the plant extract which confirmed the capping of nanoparticles with plant phytochemicals.
CONCLUSION
The study successfully prepared and characterized green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base and also optimized the shampoo base based on the EPS production. Characterization of the silver nanoparticles found that the nanoparticles synthesized were stable, less agglomerative, and had several useful components present in it.
Topics: Humans; Cyclea; Silver; Powders; Lactobacillus plantarum; Metal Nanoparticles; Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35349772
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14949