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American Family Physician Apr 2001Flexible sigmoidoscopy remains a common tool used for the periodic screening of colorectal cancer. Most organizations recommend screening at three- to five-year... (Review)
Review
Flexible sigmoidoscopy remains a common tool used for the periodic screening of colorectal cancer. Most organizations recommend screening at three- to five-year intervals beginning at age 50 for persons with average risk. Extensive training in endoscopic maneuvering, colorectal anatomy and pathologic recognition is required. Most physicians report comfort performing the procedure unsupervised after 10 to 25 precepted sessions. The procedure involves the insertion of the sigmoidoscope through the anus and distal rectum and advancement of the scope tip to an average depth of 48 to 55 cm in the sigmoid colon. Once the sigmoidoscope has been appropriately advanced, the scope is slowly withdrawn, allowing for the inspection of colon mucosa during withdrawal. Polyps less than 5 mm in diameter should be biopsied. Polyps 5 to 10 mm or greater can be assumed to be adenomatous, and follow-up colonoscopy for complete polypectomy is required. Diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, nonspecific colitis and pseudomembranes may also be encountered during inspection. Use of preprocedural benzodiazepines can be helpful in reducing patient discomfort. 2001;63:1375-80,1383-4,1385-8.)
Topics: Age Factors; Biopsy; Colonic Polyps; Colorectal Neoplasms; Family Practice; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intraoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 11310651
DOI: No ID Found -
Preventive Medicine Mar 2019Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality among screened adults. The aim of this review was to... (Review)
Review
Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality among screened adults. The aim of this review was to identify patient-related factors associated with the screening test's use. We searched PubMed for studies that examined the association between FS screening use and one or more factors. To determine the eligibility of studies, we first reviewed titles, then abstracts, and finally the full paper. We started with a narrow search, which we expanded successively (by adding 'OR' terms) until the number of new publications eligible after abstract review was <1% of the total number of publications. We then abstracted factors from eligible papers and reported the number of times each was found to be positively or negatively associated with FS screening use. We identified 42 papers, most of which reported studies conducted in the United States of America (n = 21, 50%) and the United Kingdom (n = 13, 31%). Across studies, a wide range of factors were examined (n = 123), almost half of which were found to be associated with FS screening use at least once (n = 60). Sociodemographic and health and lifestyle factors that were frequently positively associated with FS screening use included: male gender, higher socioeconomic status and a family history of CRC. Frequently positively associated psychosocial factors included low perceived barriers and high perceived benefits. Findings suggest that future research should focus on developing a theoretical framework of cancer screening behaviour to allow a greater level of consistency and specificity in measuring key constructs.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Risk Assessment; Sex Factors; Sigmoidoscopy; Socioeconomic Factors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30597228
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.018 -
Nursing Times
Review
Topics: Colonic Diseases; Humans; Sigmoidoscopy; Specialties, Nursing
PubMed: 12961939
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 1950
Topics: Humans; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 14786082
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.26.301.577 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2006
Review
Topics: Contraindications; Humans; Risk Factors; Sigmoidoscopes; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 16494805
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced... Jun 2012Rigid sigmoidoscopy is sometimes performed at first presentation in colorectal clinics. We assessed the feasibility of flexible sigmoidoscopy in similar situations by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
Rigid sigmoidoscopy is sometimes performed at first presentation in colorectal clinics. We assessed the feasibility of flexible sigmoidoscopy in similar situations by comparing it with rigid sigmoidoscopy as a first investigative tool.
METHODS
The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing the usefulness of rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy. The risk difference (RD) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were calculated for the cancers/abnormalities detected and discomfort associated with the procedure, respectively. The standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated for the depth of examination and duration of the procedure.
RESULTS
Flexible sigmoidoscopy had a significantly higher rate of detection of cancers and total abnormalities (RD of 0.020 and 0.138 and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.006-0.034 and 0.077-0.200, respectively), and rigid sigmoidoscopy caused significantly more patient discomfort (WMD of 0.981 and 95% CI of 0.693-1.269). Flexible sigmoidoscopy provided significantly greater depth of examination (SMD of 3.175, 95% CI of 2.397-3.954), and rigid sigmoidoscopy required less time (SMD of -1.601, 95% CI of -2.728 to -0.474).
CONCLUSIONS
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a better investigative tool in colorectal clinics than the rigid sigmoidoscopy. Implementation of this idea can help in early diagnosis at first presentation and can certainly expedite the management of colorectal malignancies.
Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colonic Diseases; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 22462647
DOI: 10.1089/lap.2012.0087 -
Gastroenterology Nursing : the Official... 1999Although screening flexible sigmoidoscopy is associated with a significant decrease in colorectal cancer mortality, less than 50% of eligible Americans have had a... (Review)
Review
Although screening flexible sigmoidoscopy is associated with a significant decrease in colorectal cancer mortality, less than 50% of eligible Americans have had a sigmoidoscopy. As the United States population ages, over 50 million Americans will be eligible for colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy. The projected increase in a population eligible for screening is expected to increase demand for this procedure and may result in overwhelming currently available endoscopic resources. Gastroenterology nurses should actively seek training to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy to accommodate this increased demand. Current barriers to nurse-performed sigmoidoscopy are prohibitions by state Boards of Nursing and lack of procedural reimbursement for nurse endoscopists performing flexible sigmoidoscopy. The lack of research about the effectiveness of this practice is a contributing factor to the hindrances in the development of this nursing role. This review outlines research about the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy by nurses, legal and reimbursement issues, and details the scope of training programs used by institutions with nurse endoscopists.
Topics: Humans; Licensure, Nursing; Nursing Evaluation Research; Professional Autonomy; Reimbursement Mechanisms; Sigmoidoscopy; Specialties, Nursing; United States
PubMed: 10855122
DOI: 10.1097/00001610-199911000-00006 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2005Intraoperative sigmoidoscopy is underused by the majority of practicing gynecologists and is not widely taught in obstetrics and gynecology training programs. In this... (Review)
Review
Intraoperative sigmoidoscopy is underused by the majority of practicing gynecologists and is not widely taught in obstetrics and gynecology training programs. In this report, a step-by-step approach is provided in order to perform sigmoidoscopy. Indications for use, along with various intraoperative applications, are discussed. Results from our center's experience with its use during laparoscopic treatment of adhesions, endometriosis, and associated disease of the bowel also are provided. Intraoperative sigmoidoscopy is a safe and efficacious procedure that can aid in the evaluation and treatment of pelvic pathology and facilitate identification and management of bowel injuries. It should be considered a valuable adjunct when such cases are encountered by gynecologic and pelvic surgeons.
Topics: Endometriosis; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Intraoperative Complications; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 16213423
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.023 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... 1999The rationale for infrequent screening for colorectal cancers by sigmoidoscopy of the general population around age 60 is reviewed. A progress report for a trial to... (Review)
Review
The rationale for infrequent screening for colorectal cancers by sigmoidoscopy of the general population around age 60 is reviewed. A progress report for a trial to evaluate this approach is also presented.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Sigmoidoscopy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 10676555
DOI: No ID Found -
Endoscopy Jun 2006Flexible sigmoidoscopy by nurses has rapidly become a widely accepted technique for distal colonic investigation. This review explores the issues of training and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Flexible sigmoidoscopy by nurses has rapidly become a widely accepted technique for distal colonic investigation. This review explores the issues of training and application of nurse performed flexible sigmoidoscopy, including the limitations, complications and cost issues.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Education, Nursing; Humans; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 16586240
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924986