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Acta Tropica May 2017Surveys of pupae and larvae of black flies were carried out in Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores in the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia, where 10 species were known....
Surveys of pupae and larvae of black flies were carried out in Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores in the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia, where 10 species were known. A total of 14 simuliid species including four new species and five new records of the genus Simulium were collected, bringing the number of species from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago to 19. They are classified into four subgenera: two in Nevermannia, nine in Gomphostilbia, seven in Simulium and one in Wallacellum. One of four new species, Simulium (Simulium) baliense, is described based on females, males, pupae and larvae from Bali and Lombok. This new species, which is placed in the Simulium striatum species-group of the subgenus Simulium, is closely related to S. (S.) argyrocinctum De Meijere from Java and Sumatra, but it is distinguished from the latter species by the smaller number of the male enlarged upper-eye facets and larval abdomen lacking dorsal pairs of conical protuberances. The distribution record of S. (S.) upikae Takaoka & Davies from Flores is corrected as that of S. (S.) eximium De Meijere. Some aberrant characters of the pupal gill filaments of S. (G.) atratum De Meijere, S. (G.) floresense Takaoka, Hadi & Sigit and S. (G.) sunapii Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Suana are illustrated. Characteristics of the fauna of black flies in this archipelago are briefly noted. Keys to all 19 species are provided for females, males, pupae and larvae.
Topics: Animals; Female; Indonesia; Male; Simuliidae
PubMed: 28115156
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.016 -
Journal of Medical Entomology May 2018Simulium (Simulium) phraense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described from females, males, pupae, and larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium...
A New Species of the Simulium (Simulium) striatum Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand, and Its Differentiation from Two Related Species Based on a Fast-Evolving Nuclear Gene.
Simulium (Simulium) phraense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described from females, males, pupae, and larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium striatum species group and is most similar to Simulium (Simulium) nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand among species of the same species group but is barely distinguished from the latter species by lacking annular ridges on the surface of the pupal gill filaments. The fast-evolving nuclear big zinc finger (BZF) gene has successfully differentiated this new species from its allies, S. (S.) nakhonense and Simulium (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the S. striatum species group. The BZF gene sequences show that this new species is more closely related to S. (S.) nakhonense than to S. (S.) chiangmaiense, further supporting its morphological classification.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Genes, Insect; Larva; Male; Pupa; Simuliidae; Thailand
PubMed: 29361011
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx241 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Dec 1996Cytotaxonomic analysis of Simulium damnosum s.l. larvae collected from 23 sites across 4 bioclimatic zones in Nigeria revealed the presence of 5 cytospecies (S. damnosum...
Cytotaxonomic analysis of Simulium damnosum s.l. larvae collected from 23 sites across 4 bioclimatic zones in Nigeria revealed the presence of 5 cytospecies (S. damnosum s.str., S. sirbanum, S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. soubrense (including the Beffa form). The biogeographical distribution of the sibling species was mostly similar to that observed further west in the OCP area, although geographic cytotaxonomic variation was recorded in S. squamosum, S. damnosum s.str. and S. sirbanum. Some aspects of the chemical and physical environment of the breeding habitats were investigated.
Topics: Animals; Nigeria; Simuliidae
PubMed: 8980589
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.1996.tb00110.x -
Tropical Biomedicine Sep 2021Simulium ( Simulium) rufibasis Brunetti originally described from India was once considered a geographic generalist widely distributed in the Oriental Region. In this...
Simulium ( Simulium) rufibasis Brunetti originally described from India was once considered a geographic generalist widely distributed in the Oriental Region. In this study, the species previously regarded as S. (S.) rufibasis in Taiwan was morphologically re-evaluated and found to be distinguished in the male and pupa from true S. (S.) rufibasis from India. This new species is described as S. ( S.) hehuanense sp. nov. based on a female, a male and their pupal exuviae in Taiwan. This new species is placed in the S. rufibasis subgroup of the S. tuberosum species-group, and is similar to S. (S.) yamatoense Takaoka, Adler & Fukuda from Japan and Korea, but it is barely distinguished by the slenderer forebasitarsi of the female and male. Another new, related species, S. (S.) xiulinense sp. nov., is described based on a male and its pupal exuviae. This new species is distinguished from S. (S.) hehuanense sp. nov. by the number of male upper-eye (large) facets in 20 or 21 vertical columns and 22 horizontal rows (19 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows in the latter species), and presence of a pair of dorsolateral shiny spots on male abdominal segment 5 (absence in the latter species). Both new species inhabit streams at high elevations (ca, 2,600 m). They differ from S. (S.) sp. (probably S. (S.) arisanum Shiraki) from Taiwan, of the same subgroup, which breeds in streams at low elevations (433-685 m), by the pupal head and thorax covered with tubercles (bare in the latter species).
Topics: Animals; Female; Larva; Male; Pupa; Simuliidae; Taiwan
PubMed: 34608114
DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.081 -
Acta Tropica Mar 2019A new species of black fly, Simulium (Simulium) luculentum, is described from specimens collected in Thailand, and is assigned to the Simulium variegatum species-group...
A new species of black fly, Simulium (Simulium) luculentum, is described from specimens collected in Thailand, and is assigned to the Simulium variegatum species-group of the subgenus Simulium Latreille. This new species is distinguished from most members of this species group in the female by the mid femur and tibia entirely yellowish; and in the pupa by the gill with six filaments, which are somewhat inflated basally. This species represents the fifth member of the S. variegatum species-group recorded from Thailand.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gills; Larva; Male; Pupa; Simuliidae; Thailand
PubMed: 30611713
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.002 -
Journal of Medical Entomology Nov 2017Simulium (Gomphostilbia) laosense sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Laos. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense...
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) laosense sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Laos. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is characterized by the pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3 + 3 + 2 from dorsal to ventral, of which an inner filament of the ventral pair is slightly longer than its counter filament, and is 1.7-1.8 times as long as filaments of the middle triplet. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish this new species from Simulium (G.) johorense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya'cob from Peninsular Malaysia and four other related species. The phylogenetic position of this new species in the S. batoense species-group is also presented based on the mitochondrial COI gene. This new species represents the second species known from Laos.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Female; Laos; Larva; Male; Pupa; Simuliidae
PubMed: 28968910
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx134 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2016Perspicuous assessments of taxonomic boundaries and discovery of cryptic taxa are of paramount importance in interpreting ecological and evolutionary phenomena among...
Perspicuous assessments of taxonomic boundaries and discovery of cryptic taxa are of paramount importance in interpreting ecological and evolutionary phenomena among black flies (Simuliidae) and combating associated vector-borne diseases. Simulium tani Takaoka & Davies is the largest and perhaps the most taxonomically challenging species complex of black flies in the Oriental Region. We use a DNA sequence-based method to delineate currently recognized chromosomal and morphological taxa in the S. tani complex on the Southeast Asian mainland and Taiwan, while elucidating their phylogenetic relationships. A molecular approach using multiple genes, coupled with morphological and chromosomal data, supported recognition of cytoform K and morphoform 'b' as valid species; indicated that S. xuandei, cytoform L, and morphoform 'a' contain possible cryptic species; and suggested that cytoform B is in the early stages of reproductive isolation whereas lineage sorting is incomplete in cytoforms A, C, and G.
Topics: Animals; Genes, Insect; Genetic Variation; Malaysia; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Simuliidae; Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam
PubMed: 26839292
DOI: 10.1038/srep20346 -
Tropical Biomedicine Dec 2019Genetic variation based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and II (COII) sequences was investigated for three black fly nominal species, Simulium metallicum...
Genetic variation based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and II (COII) sequences was investigated for three black fly nominal species, Simulium metallicum Bellardi complex, S. callidum Dyar and Shannon, and S. ochraceum Walker complex, which are vectors of human onchocerciasis from Guatemala. High levels of genetic diversity were found in S. metallicum complex and S. ochraceum complex with maximum intraspecific genetic divergences of 11.39% and 4.25%, respectively. Levels of genetic diversity of these nominal species are consistent with species status for both of them as they are cytologically complexes of species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the S. metallicum complex from Guatemala divided into three distinct clades, two with members of this species from several Central and South American countries and another exclusively from Mexico. The Simulium ochraceum complex from Guatemala formed a clade with members of this species from Mexico and Costa Rica while those from Ecuador and Colombia formed another distinct clade. Very low diversity in S. callidum was found for both genes with maximum intraspecific genetic divergence of 0.68% for COI and 0.88% for COII. Low genetic diversity in S. callidum might be a consequence of the result being informative of only recent population history of the species.
Topics: Animals; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Genetic Variation; Guatemala; Insect Vectors; Onchocerciasis; Phylogeny; Simuliidae
PubMed: 33597465
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Tropica Jun 2020We describe new species of black fly that had previously been identified as S. scutistriatum Lutz due to morphological similarities at the pupal stage. The description...
We describe new species of black fly that had previously been identified as S. scutistriatum Lutz due to morphological similarities at the pupal stage. The description of the new species, Simulium (Trichogamia) itajara n. sp., is based on molecular and morphological evidences. The known distribution of the new species is currently restricted to the Paraguaçu River hydrographic basin in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounded area in Bahia state, Brazil. The distribution record for S. scutistriatum in the northeast region of Brazil needs to be removed, since the previous records were based on occurrence of S. itajara n. sp.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Female; Male; Simuliidae
PubMed: 32222363
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105457 -
Journal of Medical Entomology Feb 2019Simulium (Gomphostilbia) yvonneae sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Vietnam. This new species belongs to the Simulium duolongum... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A New Black Fly Species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) duolongum Subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Vietnam, and Molecular Comparisons With Related Species Using the COI Barcoding Gene.
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) yvonneae sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Vietnam. This new species belongs to the Simulium duolongum subgroup in the S. batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is distinguished by having a relatively larger number of male upper-eye facets in 16 vertical columns and 16 horizontal rows and a pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3+(1+2)+2 from dorsal to ventral, of which two filaments of the ventral pair are 1.8 times as long as the longest filament of the middle and dorsal triplets. Morphological comparisons are made to distinguish this new species from all 22 related species. The genetic distinctiveness of this new species in the S. duolongum subgroup is also presented based on the DNA barcoding COI gene.
Topics: Animals; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Larva; Male; Phylogeny; Pupa; Simuliidae; Species Specificity
PubMed: 30597034
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy222