-
Archives of Oral Biology 1988Thirty blindfolded subjects assessed the size of holes (2.4-19.1 mm dia) that were presented to the tongue by using their fingers to select a matching hole from a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Thirty blindfolded subjects assessed the size of holes (2.4-19.1 mm dia) that were presented to the tongue by using their fingers to select a matching hole from a comparator series of 38 holes (1.6-25.4 mm dia). Subjects consistently overestimated the size of holes less than 10 mm, but there was little disparity for holes greater 14 mm in diameter. The relationship between the size of hole presented to the tongue and that judged by the fingers to be of equal size was not linear across the range tested. The illusion, expressed as the ratio of apparent size to real size, could be described as an hyperbolic function of stimulus size.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Physical Stimulation; Regression Analysis; Size Perception; Tongue
PubMed: 3178537
DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(88)90043-x -
Journal of Vision May 2016Maintained exposure to a specific stimulus property-such as size, color, or motion-induces perceptual adaptation aftereffects, usually in the opposite direction to that...
Maintained exposure to a specific stimulus property-such as size, color, or motion-induces perceptual adaptation aftereffects, usually in the opposite direction to that of the adaptor. Here we studied how adaptation to size affects perceived position and visually guided action (saccadic eye movements) to that position. Subjects saccaded to the border of a diamond-shaped object after adaptation to a smaller diamond shape. For saccades in the normal latency range, amplitudes decreased, consistent with saccading to a larger object. Short-latency saccades, however, tended to be affected less by the adaptation, suggesting that they were only partly triggered by a signal representing the illusory target position. We also tested size perception after adaptation, followed by a mask stimulus at the probe location after various delays. Similar size adaptation magnitudes were found for all probe-mask delays. In agreement with earlier studies, these results suggest that the duration of the saccade latency period determines the reference frame that codes the probe location.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Humans; Motion; Reference Values; Saccades; Size Perception; Visual Perception
PubMed: 27139583
DOI: 10.1167/16.7.2 -
Psychological Science Jan 2015Objects rarely appear in isolation in natural scenes. Although many studies have investigated how nearby objects influence perception in cluttered scenes (i.e.,...
Objects rarely appear in isolation in natural scenes. Although many studies have investigated how nearby objects influence perception in cluttered scenes (i.e., crowding), none has studied how nearby objects influence visually guided action. In Experiment 1, we found that participants could scale their grasp to the size of a crowded target even when they could not perceive its size, demonstrating for the first time that neurologically intact participants can use visual information that is not available to conscious report to scale their grasp to real objects in real scenes. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that changing the eccentricity of the display and the orientation of the flankers had no effect on grasping but strongly affected perception. The differential effects of eccentricity and flanker orientation on perception and grasping show that the known differences in retinotopy between the ventral and dorsal streams are reflected in the way in which people deal with targets in cluttered scenes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depth Perception; Female; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Performance; Size Perception; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 25479759
DOI: 10.1177/0956797614556776 -
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics Aug 2014We examined the relation between motor performance and perception of object's size in near space. The general task was to repeatedly hit a target by means of pointing... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
We examined the relation between motor performance and perception of object's size in near space. The general task was to repeatedly hit a target by means of pointing movements and to estimate target's size. In contrast to the results of previous studies, Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 revealed a negative relation between action ability and perceived target size: Participants who hit the target relatively often and whose motor variability was relatively low judged targets to be smaller than did participants whose motor performance was relatively poor. In Experiment 3, the size judgments were made in the presence of the target before, as well as after, pointing movements. The target was judged as smaller when it was easy, rather than difficult, to hit before as well as after the movement. Altogether, these results indicate that under certain conditions, an increased action ability reduces the apparent size of the actions' target objects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Judgment; Male; Motion Perception; Movement; Psychomotor Performance; Size Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 24811043
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-014-0685-4 -
Perception 2007This is the first study to test the extent to which reflections help locate objects in space and perceive their size. For planar mirrors, the relative size of a target...
This is the first study to test the extent to which reflections help locate objects in space and perceive their size. For planar mirrors, the relative size of a target and its reflection is informative about the absolute distance of the target in units of the distance between target and mirror surface. When the target is near the mirror, target and reflection are similar in size; as the target moves away from the mirror, the difference in size increases. Observers saw a pair of objects in front of a mirror and judged relative size and distance (separately). Other visual cues to size and distance were eliminated, except lateral offset, which was tested in experiment 3. Experiment 2 controlled for the presence of directional feedback. Results showed orderly psychophysical functions for both size and distance with steeper slopes for distance judgments. In experiments 4 and 5 stereograms were used. Even when binocular information was present, the additional cue provided by reflections increased the accuracy of size and distance judgments. The same pattern of results was observed in the absence of feedback.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Distance Perception; Humans; Optical Illusions; Perceptual Distortion; Regression Analysis; Size Perception
PubMed: 18265840
DOI: 10.1068/p5605 -
Perception 2014Despite the fear of the entertainment industry that illegal downloads of films might ruin their business, going to the movies continues to be a popular leisure activity....
Despite the fear of the entertainment industry that illegal downloads of films might ruin their business, going to the movies continues to be a popular leisure activity. One reason why people prefer to watch movies in cinemas may be the surround of the movie screen or its physically huge size. To disentangle the factors that might contribute to the size impression, we tested several measures of subjective size and immersion in different viewing environments. For this purpose we built a model cinema that provided visual angle information comparable with that of a real cinema. Subjects watched identical movie clips in a real cinema, a model cinema, and on a display monitor in isolation. Whereas the isolated display monitor was inferior, the addition of a contextual model improved the viewing immersion to the extent that it was comparable with the movie theater experience, provided the viewing angle remained the same. In a further study we built an identical but even smaller model cinema to unconfound visual angle and viewing distance. Both model cinemas produced similar results. There was a trend for the larger screen to be more immersive; however, viewing angle did not play a role in how the movie was evaluated.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; Humans; Male; Motion Pictures; Photic Stimulation; Size Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 25509683
DOI: 10.1068/p7663 -
Consciousness and Cognition Jan 2019We applied continuous flash suppression (CFS) during an interocular transfer paradigm to evaluate the importance of awareness and the contribution of early versus late...
We applied continuous flash suppression (CFS) during an interocular transfer paradigm to evaluate the importance of awareness and the contribution of early versus late visual structures in size recognition. Specifically, we tested if size judgements of a visible target could be influenced by a congruent or incongruent prime presented to the same or different eye. Without CFS, participants categorised a target as "small" or "large" more quickly when it was preceded by a congruent prime - regardless of whether the prime and target were presented to the same or different eye. Interocular transfer enabled us to infer that the observed priming was mediated by late visual areas. In contrast, there was no priming under CFS, which underscores the importance of awareness. We conclude that awareness and late visual structures are important for size perception and that any subconscious processing of the stimulus has minimal effect on size recognition.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Awareness; Consciousness; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Size Perception; Transfer, Psychology; Vision, Monocular; Young Adult
PubMed: 30553165
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.11.012 -
Journal of Experimental Psychology.... Jun 2017The human body and the potential to move it affect the way we perceive the world. Here we explored a possible origin of such action-specific effects on perception....
The human body and the potential to move it affect the way we perceive the world. Here we explored a possible origin of such action-specific effects on perception. Participants were asked to enclose a virtual object by movements of their index finger and thumb and judged either the actual finger-thumb distance or the size of the virtual object subsequently. The visual-haptic discrepancy that comes with such virtual grasping resulted in a mutual impact of visual and body-related signals: the visual judgments of object's size were attracted by the felt finger posture and vice versa, judged finger distance was attracted by the size of the grasped object. This pattern was observed in spite of a clear spatial separation between somatic and visual signals and was conceptually replicated using a virtual reaching paradigm. The results indicate that basic mechanisms of multisensory integration accompany the emergence of action-specific effects on perception. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adult; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Performance; Size Perception; Touch Perception; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 28383963
DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000358 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2018How numerical quantity is processed is a central issue for cognition. On the one hand the "number sense theory" claims that numerosity is perceived directly, and may...
How numerical quantity is processed is a central issue for cognition. On the one hand the "number sense theory" claims that numerosity is perceived directly, and may represent an early precursor for acquisition of mathematical skills. On the other, the "theory of magnitude" notes that numerosity correlates with many continuous properties such as size and density, and may therefore not exist as an independent feature, but be part of a more general system of magnitude. In this study we examined interactions in sensitivity between numerosity and size perception. In a group of children, we measured psychophysically two sensory parameters: perceptual adaptation and discrimination thresholds for both size and numerosity. Neither discrimination thresholds nor adaptation strength for numerosity and size correlated across participants. This clear lack of correlation (confirmed by Bayesian analyses) suggests that numerosity and size interference effects are unlikely to reflect a shared sensory representation. We suggest these small interference effects may rather result from top-down phenomena occurring at late decisional levels rather than a primary "sense of magnitude".
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bayes Theorem; Child; Cognition; Decision Making; Discrimination, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Size Perception
PubMed: 30206271
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31893-6 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Aug 2012The French physiologist Augustin Charpentier (1852-1916) published the first accounts of the size-weight illusion-the observation that if two objects differ in size but...
The French physiologist Augustin Charpentier (1852-1916) published the first accounts of the size-weight illusion-the observation that if two objects differ in size but have equal mass, the smaller will feel heavier when lifted. In the current paper, translations are presented of Charpentier's much-cited 1891 paper on weight perception and the size-weight illusion, and his little-known brief 1886 paper which contains the earliest experimental data on the illusion. Charpentier explained weight illusions in terms of the sense of effort involved in lifting the object and the contrast with the expected effort. Modern research shows that people quickly adapt and use the appropriate force to pick up objects, but the illusion persists even when appropriate force is used; expectations therefore affect the perceptual system more strongly than the motor system.
Topics: History, 19th Century; Humans; Illusions; Size Perception; Weight Perception
PubMed: 23033750
DOI: 10.2466/24.22.27.PMS.115.4.120-141