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Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 1979Adaptation to a grating of properly chosen frequency may lead to two apparently conflicting observations: Another grating may then appear to be of increased frequency...
Adaptation to a grating of properly chosen frequency may lead to two apparently conflicting observations: Another grating may then appear to be of increased frequency (compared with its "unadapted" frequency) while the individual bars of the grating appear to have widened. This perceived widening parallels previous results with single bars. By attending to only one grating bar, the subject effectively seems to change the grating frequency spectrum to that of a single bar.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Humans; Size Perception; Visual Fields; Visual Perception
PubMed: 505017
DOI: 10.1126/science.505017 -
Vision Research Oct 2001Recently, Webster and MacLin demonstrated a face-distortion after-effect (FDAE) for both upright and inverted faces: adaptation to a distorted face makes a normal face...
Recently, Webster and MacLin demonstrated a face-distortion after-effect (FDAE) for both upright and inverted faces: adaptation to a distorted face makes a normal face appear distorted in the direction opposite to the adapting direction. Neurophysiological studies (e.g. Experimental Brain Research 65 (1986) 38) show that face-selective neurons in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are remarkably size-invariant in their responses. If the site of adaptation underlying the FDAE is the homologous neuron population in human vision, then the FDAE should also be highly tolerant to changes in size between adapting and test faces. Here, we test this prediction. Observers were adapted to distorted upright/inverted faces of three different sizes (3.3 degrees x 3.7 degrees, 6.6 degrees x 7.5 degrees, and 13.1 degrees x 14.8 degrees ). For adapting faces of all three sizes, observers adjusted test faces of all three sizes until they appeared normal. Significant FDAEs were observed in all conditions. For both upright and inverted faces, FDAEs were approximately twice as strong when adapting and test faces were the same size than when they differed by even a single octave in size. The magnitudes of FDAEs were comparable for upright and inverted faces. The larger FDAEs for same-size adapting and test faces suggest that part of the FDAE derives from a neuron population with narrow size-tuning. However, the significant FDAEs obtained for adapting and test images differing by two octaves implicate a different neuron population with broad size-tuning, possibly the human homolog of the face-selective neuron population in monkey STS.
Topics: Afterimage; Analysis of Variance; Face; Form Perception; Humans; Normal Distribution; Perceptual Distortion; Size Perception
PubMed: 11704237
DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00202-4 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Jun 1980
Topics: Humans; Optical Illusions; Orientation; Size Perception
PubMed: 7402853
DOI: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3.698 -
The American Journal of Psychology Sep 1964
Topics: Humans; Photography; Size Perception
PubMed: 14196616
DOI: No ID Found -
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics Jan 2017Because the perceived weight of objects may be affected by various nonweight properties, such as their size and the density of their surface material, relative weight is...
Because the perceived weight of objects may be affected by various nonweight properties, such as their size and the density of their surface material, relative weight is sometimes misperceived (the size-weight illusion and the material-weight illusion, respectively). A widely accepted explanation for weight illusions is provided by the so-called expectation model, according to which the perceived weight stems from the contrast between the actual and expected weights. In the present study, we varied both the surface material and the size of stimuli, while keeping constant their physical weights. In Experiment 1, the participants lifted the stimuli by grasping them on opposite sides, whereas in Experiment 2 they lifted them by using a string that was attached to their top surface. We used a variant of the random conjoint measurement paradigm to obtain subjective interval scales of the contributions of surface material and size to the expected and the perceived weight of the stimuli. Inconsistently with the predictions from the expectation model, we found, in both experiments, that the surface material contributed more than the size to the expected weight, whereas the size contributed more than the surface material to the perceived weight. The results support the hypothesis that perceived weight may depend on implicit, rather than explicit, weight expectations.
Topics: Adult; Anticipation, Psychological; Female; Humans; Illusions; Male; Size Perception; Visual Perception; Weight Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 27743260
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1212-6 -
Psychological Research Feb 2021Being confronted with the depiction of a familiar object activates a number of properties of the object that are stored in memory. Memory properties such as color and...
Being confronted with the depiction of a familiar object activates a number of properties of the object that are stored in memory. Memory properties such as color and size have been shown to interfere with the processing of the color and of the size of the depiction, so that that reaction times are longer when the color or size of the depiction are incongruent with the stored knowledge about the object. In the case of color, it is known that the memorized information also affects the appearance of the depiction, for example when a gray banana appears slightly yellow, a phenomenon known as memory color effect. Here, I tested whether a memory size effect also occurs. To this aim, I conducted one experiment where observers matched either the screen size or the real-world size of pairs of animals or vehicles. The results indicate that the screen matches are biased in the same direction as the real-world size matches, opposite of what would be predicted by a memory color effect. This result was replicated in a second experiment using a different and larger set of animal images. Overall, I confirm that observers cannot ignore the real-world size information when they attempt to match the screen size of two items, although this results in a bias towards the canonical size of the items, rather than in a memory size effect.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Reaction Time; Size Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 31531749
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01247-6 -
Current Biology : CB Nov 2014A recent study has shown that the zebrafish tectum processes inputs from the retina tuned to ethologically relevant size classes, suggesting a role for the tectum in...
A recent study has shown that the zebrafish tectum processes inputs from the retina tuned to ethologically relevant size classes, suggesting a role for the tectum in selecting approach or avoidance behaviours based on size-based categorization of visual targets.
Topics: Animals; Size Perception; Superior Colliculi; Visual Perception
PubMed: 25517370
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.043 -
Vision Research Mar 2013Research suggests that subjects can compute the mean size of two sets of interspersed objects concurrently, but that doing so incurs a cost of dividing attention across...
Research suggests that subjects can compute the mean size of two sets of interspersed objects concurrently, but that doing so incurs a cost of dividing attention across the two sets. Alternatively, costs may arise from failing to exclude irrelevant items from the calculation of mean size. Here, we examined whether attention can be selectively deployed to prevent the inclusion of items from an irrelevant, concurrently displayed set in the computation of the relevant set's mean size. The results suggest that mean size is computed prior to the deployment of attention, failing to exclude processing of items that are irrelevant to the task. The influence of the irrelevant items is evident both with brief exposures of the set (200ms) and in a simultaneous judgment task with unlimited viewing time, suggesting that attention cannot be effectively deployed to facilitate selective averaging of the size of the relevant set. Size averaging appears to precede the deployment of selective attention, suggesting that it may be carried out automatically, without intention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Female; Humans; Male; Photic Stimulation; Size Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 23274647
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.12.004 -
Journal of Vision Dec 2009In this study, we investigated the effect of changing size on vergence. Erkelens and Regan (1986) proposed that this cue to motion in depth affects vergence in a similar... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In this study, we investigated the effect of changing size on vergence. Erkelens and Regan (1986) proposed that this cue to motion in depth affects vergence in a similar way as it affects perception. The measured effect on vergence was small and we wondered why the vergence system would use changing size as an additional cue to changing disparity. To elucidate the effect of changing size on vergence, we used an annulus carrying both changing size and changing disparity signals to motion in depth. The cues were either congruent or signaled a different depth. The results showed that vergence was affected by changing size, however in an opposite way than that perception was affected. These results were incongruent with those reported by Erkelens and Regan (1986). We therefore additionally measured the effects on vergence of the individual parameters associated with changing size, i.e., stimulus area, retinal eccentricity, and luminance. Stimulus (retinal) eccentricity was inversely related to vergence gain. Luminance, on the other hand, had a smaller but positive relation to vergence gain. Thus, changing size affected the disparity signal two-fold: it changed the retinal location of the disparity signal and it changed the strength of the disparity signal (luminance change). These effects of changing size on disparity can explain both our results (change in retinal location of the disparity signal) and those of Erkelens and Regan (1986; change in luminance). We thus conclude that changing size did not in itself contribute to vergence, rather its effect on vergence was mediated by disparity.
Topics: Convergence, Ocular; Depth Perception; Humans; Photic Stimulation; Size Perception; Vision Disparity
PubMed: 20055545
DOI: 10.1167/9.13.12 -
Journal of Experimental Psychology Mar 1965
Topics: Depth Perception; Humans; Perception; Size Perception
PubMed: 14271335
DOI: 10.1037/h0021728