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Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Aug 2017Skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis, and adnexal structures. The epidermis is composed of 4 layers-the stratums basale, spinosum, granulosum, and corneum. The... (Review)
Review
Skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis, and adnexal structures. The epidermis is composed of 4 layers-the stratums basale, spinosum, granulosum, and corneum. The dermis is divided into a superficial papillary dermis and deeper reticular dermis. Collagen and elastin within the reticular dermis are responsible for skin tensile strength and elasticity, respectively. The 2 most common kinds of nonmelanoma skin cancers are basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Both are caused by a host of environmental and genetic factors, although UV light exposure is the single greatest predisposing factor.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dermis; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28676156
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2017.03.001 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2016Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma, together with a host of rare tumours. NMSC is the commonest malignancy...
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma, together with a host of rare tumours. NMSC is the commonest malignancy among Caucasians and its incidence continues to rise annually. Exposure to UV radiation initiates approximately 90% of NMSC, causing malignant transformation of keratinocytes and suppression of the inflammatory response. Risk factors include sun exposure and immunosuppression. There are several subtypes of BCC, although histological overlap is common. Surgery has traditionally been regarded as the 'gold-standard' treatment, offering excellent cure rates and cosmetic results. Other treatment modalities include physical destruction (radiotherapy, curettage and cautery, and cryotherapy), chemical destruction (photodynamic therapy and topical 5-flurouracil) and immunomodulatory therapy (topical imiquimod). The recent development of novel hedgehog pathway inhibitors for high-risk BCC (including oral vismodegib and sonidegib) may represent a paradigm shift towards medical management of NMSC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 26833519
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-62 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2024Our understanding of how human skin cells differ according to anatomical site and tumour formation is limited. To address this, we have created a multiscale spatial...
Our understanding of how human skin cells differ according to anatomical site and tumour formation is limited. To address this, we have created a multiscale spatial atlas of healthy skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), incorporating in vivo optical coherence tomography, single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial global transcriptional profiling, and in situ sequencing. Computational spatial deconvolution and projection revealed the localisation of distinct cell populations to specific tissue contexts. Although cell populations were conserved between healthy anatomical sites and in BCC, mesenchymal cell populations including fibroblasts and pericytes retained signatures of developmental origin. Spatial profiling and in silico lineage tracing support a hair follicle origin for BCC and demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts are an expansion of a + subpopulation associated with hair follicles in healthy skin. pericytes are also expanded in BCC suggesting a role in vascular remodelling. We propose that the identity of mesenchymal cell populations is regulated by signals emanating from adjacent structures and that these signals are repurposed to promote the expansion of skin cancer stroma. The resource we have created is publicly available in an interactive format for the research community.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Hair Follicle
PubMed: 38165934
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313326120 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Feb 2024Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin (PMCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of sweat gland origin, with an incidence of 0.07 per million. Histologically, it may be... (Review)
Review
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin (PMCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of sweat gland origin, with an incidence of 0.07 per million. Histologically, it may be difficult to differentiate it from metastatic mucinous carcinomas of the skin. A case of PMCS is reported here in a 59-year-old woman who presented with a lesion on the right lower eyelid. Histological examination revealed features of mucinous adenocarcinoma. The main differential diagnosis was metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma; however, the lack of colorectal and lung markers and the presence of focal in situ components were consistent with the diagnosis of PMCS. PMCS and breast mucinous carcinoma share immunohistochemical markers, such as GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin; however, focal in situ component with the presence of myoepithelial cells in the tumor ruled out metastatic mucinous carcinoma of breast origin. The subsequent mammograms did not reveal any breast lesions. Colonoscopy did not show any evidence of colonic malignancy, and imaging studies (CT scan) did not show any evidence of neoplasm in the body. These findings were in keeping with a diagnosis of PMCS. The present case emphasizes the importance of clinicopathological correlation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in the accurate diagnosis of PMCS and summarizes the literature on these rare cutaneous neoplasms.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 38055969
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002591 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology May 2010This report describes a new entity which has been defined as infundibular carcinoma (IC) of the skin. This new entity must be distinguished from other basaloid... (Review)
Review
This report describes a new entity which has been defined as infundibular carcinoma (IC) of the skin. This new entity must be distinguished from other basaloid carcinomas arising from the epidermis, the hair follicles or from sweat duct and glandular elements. Specific criteria have been used to define ICs. These include the macroscopic and the microscopic site of the tumour as well as its histomorphological and immunohistochemical patterns. A brief review of benign and malignant tumours of the pilar unit and the differential diagnosis of IC is also provided.
Topics: Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Hair Diseases; Hair Follicle; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 20418236
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.074419 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Feb 2023Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has several subclassifications, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma. In our clinical experience, we have found that pigmented basal cell...
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has several subclassifications, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma. In our clinical experience, we have found that pigmented basal cell carcinoma itself has multiple subtypes which can overlap with traditional basal cell carcinoma subclassifications. In this letter, we argue for the subclassification of pigmented basal cell carcinoma, as either superficial, nodular, or morpheaform. We believe further subclassification of pigmented BCCs may reveal important therapeutic and prognostic differences which could make an impact on the morbidity and mortality of this condition for those affected, many of whom are skin of color patients that are already disproportionately affected by health disparities related to skin cancer. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(2): 217-218. doi:10.36849/JDD.6883.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Skin
PubMed: 36745362
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.6883 -
Journal of the South Carolina Medical... Jan 1951
Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Skin
PubMed: 14804678
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Jun 2022Verrucous carcinoma is a rare mucocutaneous malignancy characterized by slow, relentless growth and a low metastasis rate. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Verrucous carcinoma is a rare mucocutaneous malignancy characterized by slow, relentless growth and a low metastasis rate.
OBJECTIVE
Herein we summarize surgical success rates and review newer approaches to the treatment of verrucous carcinomas.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
PubMed electronic searches were performed by B.F. and C.V. using combinations of the following terms: "verrucous carcinoma," "Ackerman tumor," "Buschke Lowenstein," "epithelioma cuniculatum," "carcinoma cuniculatum," "papillomatosis cutis," "treatment," "therapeutics," "management," "mohs surgery," and "excision." A systematic review was conducted on 49 articles in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Surgical management remains first-line therapy. Wide local excision is most commonly utilized, with highly variable margins (0.5-3.0 cm) and recurrence rates (4.6-75.0%). Mohs Micrographic Surgery has also been used, especially for recurrent tumors, with an overall recurrence rate of 12.9%.
CONCLUSION
Surgery is the treatment of choice, either by Mohs Micrographic Surgery or wide local excision. However, surgical recurrence rates are high, and tissue-sparing therapies are desirable given the sensitive locations involved. Ultimately, randomized control trials are needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of VCs.
Topics: Carcinoma, Verrucous; Foot Diseases; Humans; Mohs Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33849379
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1914312 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... 2023Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a relatively rare locally aggressive, slow-growing, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with minimal metastatic potential and is most... (Review)
Review
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a relatively rare locally aggressive, slow-growing, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with minimal metastatic potential and is most frequent in the mucosa. Although rarely reported on the skin, cutaneous verrucous carcinomas (CVC) can appear anywhere, most commonly on the feet. However, clinical and pathologic diagnosis of CVC has been confusing and challenging. It can easily be mistaken for benign or more malignant conditions such as giant condyloma acuminata, keratoacanthoma, and pseudoepithelioma-like hyperplasia or squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in inappropriate management. In this review, we describe the different aspects associated with CVC, including its pathogenesis and clinicopathologic features. The available evidence for the differential diagnosis and treatment of CVC is discussed, and specific management recommendations are made. After the treatment, careful follow-up examinations of the excised area should be performed at regular intervals.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Verrucous; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor; Skin Neoplasms; Skin
PubMed: 36789508
DOI: 10.1177/12034754231155895 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2019Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions and diseases. In cancer, miRNAs can proceed either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (oncosuppressor-miRs), depending on the pathway in which they are involved. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in most of the tumors evaluated. MiRNA dysregulation is known to be involved in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this review, we focus on the recent evidence about the role of miRNAs in the development of CSCC and in the prognosis of this form of skin cancer.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31052530
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092181