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PloS One 2016High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for investigating the metabolism of various cancers. Basal...
High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for investigating the metabolism of various cancers. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. However, to our knowledge, data on metabolic profiling of BCC have not been reported in the literature. The objective of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profiling of cutaneous BCC using HR-MAS (1)H NMR spectroscopy. HR-MAS (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolite profile and metabolite intensity of histopathologically confirmed BCC tissues and normal skin tissue (NST) samples. The metabolic intensity normalized to the total spectral intensities in BCC and NST was compared, and multivariate analysis was performed with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed 9 metabolites that showed statistically significant difference between BCC and NST. In multivariate analysis, the OPLS-DA models built with the HR-MAS NMR metabolic profiles revealed a clear separation of BCC from NST. The receiver operating characteristic curve generated from the results revealed an excellent discrimination of BCC from NST with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.961. The present study demonstrated that the metabolite profile and metabolite intensity differ between BCC and NST, and that HR-MAS (1)H NMR spectroscopy can be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of BCC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 26934749
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150328 -
Clinical & Translational Oncology :... Dec 2007Skin and squamous epithelia regulate water and heat homeostasis and constitute our first barrier of protection against pathogens. Cells from the outermost layer of the... (Review)
Review
Skin and squamous epithelia regulate water and heat homeostasis and constitute our first barrier of protection against pathogens. Cells from the outermost layer of the skin, the cornified envelope (stratum corneum), are constantly being shed, imposing a constant demand for replenishment to maintain homeostasis. Hair follicles and sebaceous glands provide protective hair growth and skin sebum, and continuously undergo cycles of growth and regression. The outstanding ability of the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands to self-renew relies on a population of adult stem cells that are maintained throughout our life span. In this review we will provide an overview of our current knowledge about epidermal stem cells, and some of the molecular mechanisms that identify them and dictate their behaviour. We will also summarise our view on the possible link between adult epidermal stem cells and cancer stem cells within skin and squamous neoplasias. The potential of epidermal stem cells in regenerative medicine and for designing targeted antitumoral therapies will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Lineage; Epidermal Cells; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Stem Cells
PubMed: 18158979
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-007-0137-x -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Dec 2004p16INK4a is involved in many important regulatory events in the cell and the expression and function is closely associated with the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Earlier,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Retinoblastoma protein function and p16INK4a expression in actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and links between p16INK4a expression and infiltrative behavior.
p16INK4a is involved in many important regulatory events in the cell and the expression and function is closely associated with the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Earlier, we have in colorectal cancer and in basal cell carcinoma showed that p16INK4a is upregulated at the invasive front causing cell cycle arrest in infiltrative tumor cells via a functional Rb. This role for p16INK4a as a regulator of proliferation when tumor cells infiltrate might besides a general cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitory effect explain why p16INK4a is deregulated in many tumor forms. The expression pattern of p16INK4a in relation to Rb-function in squamous cancer and precancerous forms of the skin has not been fully detailed. We therefore characterized the expression of p16INK4a, Rb-phosphorylation and proliferation in actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma with special reference to infiltrative behavior. The expression of p16INK4a varied between the lesions, with weak and cytoplasmic p16INK4a expression and functional Rb in actinic keratosis. Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic p16INK4a expression was observed in all carcinomas in situ in parallel with lack of Rb-phosphorylation but high proliferation indicating a nonfunctional Rb. Invasive squamous carcinoma showed a mixed p16INK4a expression pattern where some tumors had strong cytoplasmic p16INK4a expression, large fraction of Rb-phosphorylated cells and high proliferation. Interestingly, despite this disability of p16INK4a to inhibit proliferation there was an upregulation of cytoplasmic p16INK4a in infiltrative cells compared to tumor cells towards the tumor center. A similar scenario but strong and combined nuclear and cytoplasmic p16INK4a expression in infiltrative cells, was observed in other invasive squamous cancers. This suggests that the p16INK4a upregulation in infiltrative cells is governed independently of the subcellular localization or of the potential to affect proliferation via Rb, and suggests a potentially proliferation independent function for p16INK4a in infiltrative behavior.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratosis; Ki-67 Antigen; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phosphorylation; Retinoblastoma Protein; Signal Transduction; Skin
PubMed: 15257310
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800220 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Mohs Surgery; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Racial Groups
PubMed: 38215794
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.057 -
Archives of Dermatological Research May 2024Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer and continues to witness a surge in incidence rates. The categorization of BCC subtypes into low or high... (Review)
Review
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer and continues to witness a surge in incidence rates. The categorization of BCC subtypes into low or high risk, guided by recurrence and invasiveness metrics, underscores the need for precise differentiation. While the punch biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, its invasiveness prompts a need for non-invasive alternatives. Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a noteworthy candidate, gaining momentum in its potential to offer a less intrusive diagnostic approach. We conducted a systematic review regarding features of the high-risk subtypes of BCC on US. A thorough literature search of PubMed Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and a total of nine studies meeting our inclusion criteria were included in this review. Evidence is still nascent but US features such as lesional shape, depth, hyperechoic spots, and color doppler may be helpful in differentiating high-risk BCC subtypes. However, further prospective studies with standardized interventions and outcome measures are required.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Ultrasonography; Biopsy
PubMed: 38787399
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02949-7 -
Dermatologic Therapy Apr 2022Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. While slowly growing, it can cause major skin disfigurement. Therefore, novel cosmetically acceptable...
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. While slowly growing, it can cause major skin disfigurement. Therefore, novel cosmetically acceptable treatment options, other than surgery require investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of intralesional methotrexate (MTX) as a convenient modality for BCC treatment clinically and pathologicaly. A total of 20 patients with BCC of any clinical variant underwent intralesional MTX injection at a maximum 1 mL of 25 mg/mL MTX per session. Histopathological assessments were performed before and 1 month after treatment. Forty percent of patients showed >50% clinical improvement after 1-4 sessions. Intralesional MTX is a suitable and safe treatment modality for BCC and may be used as an adjuvant to surgery.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Injections, Intralesional; Methotrexate; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35023272
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15315 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 1984We describe a patient with microcystic adnexal carcinoma, a recently recognized cutaneous neoplasm. The patient, a middle-aged woman, had an induration of the left side...
We describe a patient with microcystic adnexal carcinoma, a recently recognized cutaneous neoplasm. The patient, a middle-aged woman, had an induration of the left side of her upper lip. At the time of initial resection, the neoplasm also involved the left side of the nose. An extensive recurrence, 27 months later, involved the left turbinates and left orbit. Microscopically the tumor consisted of nests, strands, and cysts composed of mildly to moderately atypical squamous cells that lacked connections with the epidermis. The cysts contained dense, laminated keratin. The tumor was distributed throughout the dermis and infiltrated subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, perichondrium, periosteum, vascular adventitia, and perineural spaces. A few fields contained nests of clear cells, but ductular differentiation, prominent in some microcystic adnexal carcinomas, was not found. There was a distinctive, dense, sclerotic stroma. The foregoing clinical and pathologic findings are characteristic of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Our observations and available information from the literature suggest the existence of an important family of locally aggressive carcinomas of the face characterized by squamous nests and cysts, variable ductular differentiation, and perineural growth. Such tumors must be clearly differentiated from the more common forms of epidermal and adnexal neoplasia.
Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nose Neoplasms; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 6725679
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(84)80445-4 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Nov 2020Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized group of non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recent observations... (Review)
Review
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized group of non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recent observations have elucidated the functional roles of lncRNAs in cutaneous biology, e.g. in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and in cutaneous wound repair. Furthermore, the role of lncRNAs in keratinocyte-derived skin cancers is emerging, especially in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which presents a significant burden to health care services worldwide and causes high mortality as metastatic disease. Elucidation of the functions of keratinocyte-specific lncRNAs will improve understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of epidermal disorders and skin cancers and can be exploited in development of new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for keratinocyte carcinomas. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of functionally important lncRNAs in cutaneous biology and in keratinocyte carcinomas.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epidermis; Humans; Keratinocytes; RNA, Long Noncoding; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32462404
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03554-3 -
Cancer Letters Mar 2008Ultraviolet light B (UVB) is responsible for the majority of cutaneous damage and is believed to be the single most important etiologic agent in the development of... (Review)
Review
Ultraviolet light B (UVB) is responsible for the majority of cutaneous damage and is believed to be the single most important etiologic agent in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). These skin tumors are by far the most common form of cancer in humans, with over 1 million new cases identified in the United States each year. Several risk factors exist, which increase the chance of a patient developing NMSC including gender, immunosuppressive status and more controversially vitamin D levels. The present review provides an overview of each of these areas.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Sex Factors; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D
PubMed: 18267352
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.009 -
Anticancer Research Jul 2020Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is highly prevalent in kidney transplant patients (KT). It is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. In this study,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND/AIM
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is highly prevalent in kidney transplant patients (KT). It is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. In this study, we examined the presence of similar infiltrates in intact skin, which could be regarded as a precancerous step.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed skin biopsies of 19 non-transplanted patients with a diagnosis of SCC or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 17 KT with either SCC or BCC.
RESULTS
KT showed increased inflammatory infiltrate in the subepithelial region, compared to non-transplanted patients. The density of basal cell nuclei was also different among the four groups with an interaction effect between tumor type and transplantation. The extent of inflammatory infiltrates did not correlate with the eGFR and proteinuria.
CONCLUSION
KT with a non-melanoma skin cancer show increased intact skin inflammatory infiltrate and alterations in the density of the basal cell layer compared to non-transplanted patients.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32620646
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14396