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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology May 2022Over the past few years, high-resolution optical imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and multiphoton...
Over the past few years, high-resolution optical imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) have advanced significantly as new methodologies for clinical research and for real-time detection, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring of skin diseases. Implementation of these technologies into clinical research and practice requires clinicians to have an understanding of their capabilities, benefits, and limitations. This concise review provides insights on the application of OCT, RCM, and MPM for clinical skin imaging through images acquired in vivo from the same lesions. The presented data are limited to pigmented lesions and basal cell carcinoma.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Research Design; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35461534
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.016 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 1979Cytological diagnosis in a series of 153 skin lesions is presented. The diagnosis in each case has been compared with the clinical assessment and, where available, the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Cytological diagnosis in a series of 153 skin lesions is presented. The diagnosis in each case has been compared with the clinical assessment and, where available, the biopsy result (85 lesions). Of 131 basal cell carcinomas, a cytological diagnosis was possible in 124 while biopsyl failed to identify two of the 73 lesions studied. A correct cytological diagnosis was made in five squamous cell carcinomas and in one malignant melanoma. Basal cell papillomas and solar keratoses were not accurately identified. We thus conclude that with this very simple, rapid, and inexpensive method a clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is reliably confirmed with advantages for both the clinic and the laboratory.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors
PubMed: 447870
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.32.4.361 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer derived from the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous carcinomas are divided into those occurring in ocular (75%)...
Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer derived from the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous carcinomas are divided into those occurring in ocular (75%) and extra-ocular locations. A 45-year-old female patient presented with rapidly growing swelling over the upper back region. It was provisionally diagnosed as an infected sebaceous cyst, and an excision biopsy was received in the pathology department. Histopathology was reported as sebaceous carcinoma, Grade II, Stage P T3 Nx. Immunohistochemistry was positive for epithelial membrane antigen. Sebaceous carcinoma accounts for 0.2-4.6% of all malignant cutaneous neoplasms, and the estimated rate of occurrence is only 1-2 per 1 million individuals per year. These tumors frequently present with a painless sub-cutaneous nodule, but they can also present as pedunculated lesions, irregular mass, or diffuse thickening of the skin. Hence, they are misinterpreted as other benign tumors or inflammatory conditions, thereby leading to delay in diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, increased morbidity, and mortality.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 38358213
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_860_21 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Dec 1995Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the skin is a rare variety of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by aggressive local growth and a low metastatic...
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the skin is a rare variety of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by aggressive local growth and a low metastatic potential. These tumours are known to have histological and virological features similar to classic warts or condylomata. The aim of the present study was to map the proliferative compartment in VC (n = 7) in comparison with warts (n = 10) and typical well-differentiated SCC (n = 10). The proliferating cells were detected by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using the commercially available anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody PC10. Normal epidermis served as a positive control and reference. In VC and warts, the PCNA-positive cells were principally located at the periphery of lesions, in the basal layer of the tumour islands. In some warts, however, stronger PCNA expressed was noted in the superficial layers, of the lesions corresponding to virus-infected keratinocytes (koilocytotic cells). In contrast, in SCC, PCNA-positive cells were randomly scattered throughout the tumours. Our findings suggest that, on the basis of mapping of PCNA distribution, VC resembles large warts or condylomata rather than typical SCC. Thus, VC appears to be a distinct clinical entity, intermediate between these two types of lesions, not only because of its clinical entity, intermediate between these two types of lesions, not only because of its clinical and virological features, but also with regard to its proliferative organization.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Verrucous; Cell Division; Foot Diseases; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Middle Aged; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Warts
PubMed: 8547037
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06918.x -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 1991Trabecular carcinoma has been renamed as Merkel cell carcinoma because, ultrastructurally, tumour cells resemble Merkel cells of the skin. Recently, evidence of exocrine...
Trabecular carcinoma has been renamed as Merkel cell carcinoma because, ultrastructurally, tumour cells resemble Merkel cells of the skin. Recently, evidence of exocrine (sweat gland) differentiation in some trabecular carcinomas has been reported. These findings raise two possibilities: (1) trabecular carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of lesions; or (2) that trabecular carcinomas are glandular tumours, in which exocrine features are rarely detected.
Topics: Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Exocrine Glands; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 1918411
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.44.9.781 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Feb 1993Clinical and histological data from 8 trichilemmal carcinomas are reviewed. The tumors occurred mainly on sun-exposed skin of the face of elderly people as small...
Clinical and histological data from 8 trichilemmal carcinomas are reviewed. The tumors occurred mainly on sun-exposed skin of the face of elderly people as small solitary, frequently ulcerated nodules. Histologically, they consisted of multilobulate, infiltrative growths, connected to the epidermis and pilosebaceous structures and showing features reminiscent of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. The presence of lobules of clear, glycogen-rich cells with peripheral palisading, hyaline basement membranes, trichilemmal keratinization, and abortive follicular sheaths and the absence of ductal or acinar differentiation allow distinction from other clear cell tumors of the skin. Although the histological picture suggests a high-grade malignant neoplasm, trichilemmal carcinoma has an indolent course. No recurrence or metastases have been observed.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Child; Female; Hair; Hair Diseases; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Skin
PubMed: 8468416
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1993.tb01248.x -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Oct 1977Human skin collagenase was quantitated by radioimmunoassay in 21 basal cell carcinomas. Immunoreactive collagenase protein was found to be approximately 2-fold greater...
Human skin collagenase was quantitated by radioimmunoassay in 21 basal cell carcinomas. Immunoreactive collagenase protein was found to be approximately 2-fold greater in extracts of these tumors than in extracts of normal skin, suggesting that this enzyme may be important in the pathogenesis of soft tissue destruction in vivo. To further define the role of collagenase in such destruction, immunofluorescent staining with specific antiserum to human skin collagenase was used to localize collagenase in the basal cell carcinomas. The enzyme was found only in the stromal elements surrounding the tumor islands. No staining of the epithelial components of the basal cell carcinomas was found. These findings suggest that the normal connective tissue elements may have been stimulated to produce an increased amount of collagenase and emphasize the importance of epithelial-stromal interaction in soft tissue invasiveness.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Microbial Collagenase; Radioimmunoassay; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 198478
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12510240 -
Dermatology Online Journal Dec 2015We present a 30-year-old woman with atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris and a one-year history of an erythematous, scaly plaque on the dorsal surface of her right...
We present a 30-year-old woman with atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris and a one-year history of an erythematous, scaly plaque on the dorsal surface of her right hand, which developed three years after an accidental exposure to prolonged ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation in a laboratory accident. The plaque, which was initially treated as eczematous dermatitis, was eventually identified histopathologically as squamous-cell carcinoma in situ. Although causation is not definitive, this case is the first to describe development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in an area of skin known to be acutely exposed to UVC radiation. As UVC radiation becomes a more frequently used anti-microbial technology, UVC radiation may become a more commonly identified risk factor in the development of NMSC.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 26990329
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Cancer Jan 2016With increasing numbers of patients with unresectable locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving cetuximab/radiotherapy (RT),...
Asian expert recommendation on management of skin and mucosal effects of radiation, with or without the addition of cetuximab or chemotherapy, in treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
With increasing numbers of patients with unresectable locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving cetuximab/radiotherapy (RT), several guidelines on the early detection and management of skin-related toxicities have been developed. Considering the existing management guidelines for these treatment-induced conditions, clinical applicability and standardization of grading methods has remained a cause of concern globally, particularly in Asian countries. In this study, we attempted to collate the literature and clinical experience across Asian countries to compile a practical and implementable set of recommendations for Asian oncologists to manage skin- and mucosa-related toxicities arising from different types of radiation, with or without the addition of cetuximab or chemotherapy. In December 2013, an international panel of experts in the field of head and neck cancer management assembled for an Asia-Pacific head and neck cancer expert panel meeting in China. The compilation of discussion outcomes of this meeting and literature data ultimately led to the development of a set of recommendations for physicians with regards to the approach and management of dermatological conditions arising from RT, chemotherapy/RT and cetuximab/RT, and similarly for the approach and management of mucositis resulting from RT, with or without the addition of chemotherapy or cetuximab. These recommendations helped to adapt guidelines published in the literature or text books into bedside practice, and may also serve as a starting point for developing individual institutional side-effect management protocols with adequate training and education.
Topics: Asia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cetuximab; China; Combined Modality Therapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Radiotherapy; Skin; Skin Diseases; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 26817597
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2073-z -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Jan 2020Accumulating evidence suggests that cutaneous viral infections are risk factors for the development of keratinocyte carcinomas. The Viruses in Skin Cancer (VIRUSCAN)...
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence suggests that cutaneous viral infections are risk factors for the development of keratinocyte carcinomas. The Viruses in Skin Cancer (VIRUSCAN) Study, a prospective cohort study, was established in 2014 to investigate the risk of keratinocyte carcinoma associated with cutaneous human papillomavirus and polyomavirus infection and the possible interaction with ultraviolet radiation exposure (UVR).
METHODS/RESULTS
VIRUSCAN incorporates repeated measures of viral infection using multiple markers of infection and quantitative measures of UVR using a spectrophotometer. Participants were recruited between July 14, 2014 and August 31, 2017 at the University of South Florida Dermatology Clinic in Tampa, FL. After excluding 124 individuals with prevalent keratinocyte carcinomas at baseline, 1,179 participants (53.2% women, 46.8% men, all ages 60 years and older) were followed for up to 4 years with routine skin exams occurring every 6 to 12 months. Here, we present the VIRUSCAN Study design, methods, and baseline characteristics, including demographics, sun exposure behavior, quantitative UVR exposure measurements, and cutaneous viral prevalence, for the full study cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
The VIRUSCAN Study will provide critical temporal evidence needed to assess the causality of the role cutaneous viral infections play in the development of keratinocyte carcinomas, as well as the potential interaction between cutaneous viral infections and UVR exposure.
IMPACT
Study findings will be valuable in future development of novel keratinocyte carcinoma prevention strategies.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Keratinocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Research Design; Risk Factors; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Ultraviolet Rays; Warts
PubMed: 31427307
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0446