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The Pan African Medical Journal 2019Isolated mastocytoma is the most common form of mastocytosis in children. Prognosis is good, as in all other forms of mastocytosis in children, with possibility of...
Isolated mastocytoma is the most common form of mastocytosis in children. Prognosis is good, as in all other forms of mastocytosis in children, with possibility of spontaneous regression. Dermocorticoids can accelerate this regression, as it is the case for our patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Infant; Male; Mastocytoma, Skin; Prognosis
PubMed: 31143350
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.45.14356 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Oct 2003We attempted to further characterize cutaneous serotoninergic and melatoninergic pathways evaluating the key biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There was...
We attempted to further characterize cutaneous serotoninergic and melatoninergic pathways evaluating the key biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There was wide expression of TPH mRNA in whole human skin, cultured melanocytes and melanoma cells, dermal fibroblasts, squamous cell carcinoma cells and keratinocytes. Gene expression was associated with detection of TPH immunoreactive species by Western blotting. Characterization of the TPH immunoreactive species performed with two different antibodies showed expression of the expected protein (55-60 kDa), and of forms with higher and lower molecular weights. This pattern of broad spectrum of TPH expression including presumed degradation products suggests rapid turnover of the enzyme, as previously reported in mastocytoma cells. RP-HPLC of skin extracts showed fluorescent species with the retention time of serotonin and N-acetylserotonin. Immunocytochemistry performed in skin biopsies localized TPH immunoreactivity to normal and malignant melanocytes. We conclude that while the TPH mRNA and protein are widely expressed in cultured normal and pathological epidermal and dermal skin cells, in vivo TPH expression is predominantly restricted to cells of melanocytic origin.
Topics: Biopsy; Cell Line; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Melanoma; RNA, Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tryptophan Hydroxylase
PubMed: 14559114
DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(03)00124-8 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Sep 2014
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Female; Male; Mast Cells; Mastocytoma, Skin; Observer Variation
PubMed: 25154306
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12191 -
International Journal of Dermatology Sep 2011Many cutaneous conditions can mimic infection. If these lesions are not accurately recognized, they may be treated with antimicrobial agents, which adds cost, potential... (Review)
Review
Many cutaneous conditions can mimic infection. If these lesions are not accurately recognized, they may be treated with antimicrobial agents, which adds cost, potential risk, and inconvenience to the patient and the healthcare system. The presenting signs and symptoms of many ulcerating, pustular, morbilliform, bullous, neoplastic, granulomatous, autoimmune, and neutrophilic conditions, as well as clinical vasculitis, cellulitis, folliculitis, and panniculitis, have been mistaken for infection. This review emphasizes the clinical presentation, physical exam, and diagnostic workup of many of these conditions to assist the clinician in ascertaining the correct diagnosis. In addition, general treatment options are provided for each disease category.
Topics: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis; Behcet Syndrome; Cellulitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilia; Humans; Mastocytoma, Skin; Panniculitis; Pyoderma Gangrenosum; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Skin Diseases, Viral; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous
PubMed: 22126864
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04887.x -
Histopathology Jan 2014Mastocytosis is an abnormal mast cell proliferation involving one or more organs, in particular the skin and bone marrow. In children, disease is usually limited to the...
AIMS
Mastocytosis is an abnormal mast cell proliferation involving one or more organs, in particular the skin and bone marrow. In children, disease is usually limited to the skin, with three distinct clinical presentations: urticaria pigmentosa, diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis and solitary mastocytoma. Although the KIT D816V mutation is typically found in adult-onset mastocytosis, it is less commonly seen in childhood-onset mastocytosis, and the frequency of KIT mutations in paediatric solitary mastocytoma is poorly documented.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study we analysed KIT exons 8, 9, 11, 13 and 17 in nine cases of paediatric solitary mastocytoma using a laboratory-developed Sanger sequencing assay. A KIT mutation was identified in six cases (67%), including three with the D816V mutation typical of adult-onset disease, and another three with an internal tandem duplication (p.A502_Y503dup) in exon 9, previously described in gastrointestinal stromal tumour.
CONCLUSIONS
Paediatric solitary mastocytoma is frequently associated with KIT activating mutations, in keeping with a clonal process. KIT mutational status appears insufficient to explain the divergent biology of childhood and adult-onset disease.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exons; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mastocytoma, Skin; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
PubMed: 24128084
DOI: 10.1111/his.12212 -
Hybridoma (2005) Jun 2007Mastocytomas are the most common malignant neoplasm in the dog; they are more aggressive than the mast cell tumors of other species. Therefore, it is imperative to...
Mastocytomas are the most common malignant neoplasm in the dog; they are more aggressive than the mast cell tumors of other species. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for clinical diagnosis of canine mastocytoma. The production and characterization of new mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb 9-3 and MAb 80) directed against canine mastocytoma are reported here. By immunohistochemistry using fresh frozen tissue of tissue impression smears, we observed that the antigen recognized by MAb 9-3 is expressed exclusively on the surface and cytoplasmic granules of canine mastocytoma but not on the mast cells in normal canine skin. MAb 80 did not compete for binding to mast cells in normal canine skin. Western blot assays performed with canine mastocytoma indicated that MAb 9-3 recognized the 74 kDa band, and MAb 80 recognized the 167 and 248 kDa bands. We studied the immunostaining pattern of impression smears with MAb 9-3 from 36 benign and malignant canine masses, including eight samples of mastocytoma that were positive and other tumor samples that were negative by MAb 9-3. This report for the first time precisely characterizes a monoclonal antibody specific for canine mastocytoma, facilitating clinical and molecular investigation of canine mastocytoma.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cross Reactions; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hybridomas; Male; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 17600498
DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2007.005 -
Journal of Dermatological Science Apr 2018Biomarkers provide beneficial information to make diagnoses and monitor the progression of many skin diseases. However, biomarkers produced by skin lesion may be too low...
BACKGROUND
Biomarkers provide beneficial information to make diagnoses and monitor the progression of many skin diseases. However, biomarkers produced by skin lesion may be too low at concentration to be detected in the systemic circulation.
OBJECTIVE
To address whether intralesional blood (ILB) is advantageous to detect skin-derived biomarkers over circulation blood (CB) of patients with skin diseases.
METHODS
ILB was collected as overflowing blood when a small incision was made in lesions of patients with mastocytoma and psoriasis. Concentrations of histamine and Human β-Defensin 2 were determined by ELISA. IL-8 was measured using a cytometric beads array (CBA) kit. IL-8 levels in psoriatic lesions were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative (q) RT-PCR. MicroRNA levels were measured using qRT-PCR.
RESULTS
Plasma histamine levels were increased in ILB of mastocytoma compared with those in CB. Patients with psoriasis showed increased levels of IL-8, β-Defensin 2 in ILB as compared to those in CB. IL-8 levels in ILB correlated with local PASI scores and therefore reversed to those in CB after attenuation of psoriasis with treatment. Furthermore, ILB in psoriasis patients showed increased miR-203, which was highly expressed in psoriatic epidermis.
CONCLUSION
ILB contains disease-specific biomarkers at higher concentrations than those in CB, and may be useful for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of skin diseases. Thus, this study illustrates the versatility of ILB with an easy accessibility of biomarkers of chemicals, proteins as well as nucleic acids for a myriad of diseases including inflammatory dermatoses and cancers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Histamine; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Mastocytoma, Skin; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Skin; beta-Defensins
PubMed: 29366526
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.001 -
Postgraduate Medicine Nov 2017Mastocytosis, a heterogeneous group of disorders, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of mast cells that is limited to the skin (cutaneous... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Mastocytosis, a heterogeneous group of disorders, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of mast cells that is limited to the skin (cutaneous mastocytosis), involving extracutaneous tissues (systemic mastocytosis), or presenting as solid tumours (mastocytoma and mast cell sarcoma). Recent studies estimate that 1 in 10,000 people are diagnosed with mastocytosis. Although prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial, little is known about the natural history and currently there are no established management guidelines. We have conducted a systematic review to assess the natural history and management of different mastocytosis subtypes.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the PubMed and Ovid database of studies published in English and French over the last fifteen years, from January 2001 to December 2016. Keywords 'Cutaneous mastocytosis', 'Systemic mastocytosis', 'pathophysiology', 'clinical course', 'prognosis', 'drug therapy', and 'therapy' were searched. Rate of complete resolution was subjected to pooled analysis for different mastocytosis subtypes. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata version 12.0.
RESULTS
We reviewed 634 papers, of which 5 were included in the analysis of resolution, and 138 were included in the assessment of management. Pooled estimate for rate of complete resolution varied depending on the mastocytosis subtype. In cutaneous mastocytosis, the complete resolution rate for mastocytoma was 10% per year (95% CI: 4.8%, 15.1%) while the rate for urticaria pigmentosa was 1.9% per year (95% CI: -0.5%, 4.3%). Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis subtypes did not show evidence of complete resolution in the studies reviewed. Treatment of cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis is purely symptomatic with topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, omalizumab and imatinib being common choices.
CONCLUSION
Rate of resolution of mastocytosis is only shown in urticaria pigmentosa and mastocytoma. Better management guidelines are required to improve the health of these patients.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Biological Products; Combined Modality Therapy; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Mastocytosis; Mastocytosis, Cutaneous; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Phototherapy
PubMed: 28770635
DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1364124 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jan 2021
Topics: Histological Techniques; Humans; Mastocytoma; Microscopy, Confocal; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32585731
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12902 -
International Journal of Dermatology Dec 2014
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Mastocytoma, Skin; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 25257118
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12577