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Clinics in Plastic Surgery Oct 2021The Spitz nevus is an uncommon melanocytic nevus. These lesions classically appear in childhood as a red, dome-shaped papule. They appear rarely in adults and may be... (Review)
Review
The Spitz nevus is an uncommon melanocytic nevus. These lesions classically appear in childhood as a red, dome-shaped papule. They appear rarely in adults and may be pigmented. The Spitz nevus can develop suddenly and grow rapidly, reaching a 1-cm diameter in 6 months or less. There are 3 classes of spitzoid neoplasms: typical Spitz nevus, atypical Spitz nevus, and spitzoid melanoma. The diagnosis should be cautiously differentiated, especially in children. Immunohistochemistry and molecular studies have been helpful in differentiating difficult cases; however, no set of criteria has been accepted to predict biological behavior of atypical Spitz nevi.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Melanoma; Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34503728
DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2021.06.002 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Nov 2021Skin tumors are relatively uncommon malignancies worldwide, but its incidence has been progressively increased over the last few decades. Skin tumor belongs to a diverse...
INTRODUCTION
Skin tumors are relatively uncommon malignancies worldwide, but its incidence has been progressively increased over the last few decades. Skin tumor belongs to a diverse group of neoplasms arising from the epidermis, adnexal structures and dermis rendering the classification difficult. The study aims to find out the prevalence of benign skin neoplasm among the histopathological specimens of skin neoplasm of a teaching hospital.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study among the hospital records of histopathological samples of skin neoplasm in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care center from January 2017 to December 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: MEMG/IRC/427/GA). Convenient sampling was done. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 software. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Out of total skin neoplasm samples, 121 (57.34%) (50.67-64.01 at 95% Confidence Interval) benign skin neoplasms were present. Among them, the majority were keratinocytic tumor 81 (66.9%) followed by skin appendageal 23 (19.0%) and melanocytic tumors 17 (14.0%). Acrochordan 18 (14.9%) and pilomatricoma 12 (9.9%) were the predominant keratinocytic and appendageal neoplasms respectively. Most of the cases occurred in head and neck region 64 (52.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that the prevalence of benign skin neoplasm was slightly lower compared to the other studies. Most of the benign skin neoplasms were keratinocytic tumors followed by appendageal and melanocytic tumors. Acrochordan was the commonest benign keratinocytic tumor.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 35199769
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6086 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Feb 2019Melanoma is an increasingly common cancer in the United States, although mortality has likely stabilized. Diagnosis relies on a skilled practitioner with the aid of... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is an increasingly common cancer in the United States, although mortality has likely stabilized. Diagnosis relies on a skilled practitioner with the aid of dermoscopy and initial local surgical management is a mainstay of treatment. Recent changes in staging emphasize continued use of sentinel lymph node biopsy to aid in prognostication although routine complete lymph node dissection has fallen out of favor. Advances in systemic treatment options, including targeted and immunotherapy, have dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced melanoma and improved outcome. Prevention via sun protection remains a critical tool in efforts to limit the burden of this disease.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 30497675
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.09.005 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Feb 2019Although rare, cutaneous metastases portend a poor prognosis and are often an indicator of widespread disease. Breast cancer and melanoma are the most common types of... (Review)
Review
Although rare, cutaneous metastases portend a poor prognosis and are often an indicator of widespread disease. Breast cancer and melanoma are the most common types of cancer that are associated with spread to and within the skin; however, other malignancies, such as lung, colon, head and neck, and hematologic, have been described with a degree of relative frequency. A variety of clinical appearances and syndromes of cutaneous metastases are presented and described in this article. Possible treatment options, including skin-directed therapies and immunotherapies, are also discussed.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30497674
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.08.008 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Aug 2015As clinical skills improve and innovative diagnostic techniques become available in the field of dermatology and dermatopathology, new types or additional variants of... (Review)
Review
As clinical skills improve and innovative diagnostic techniques become available in the field of dermatology and dermatopathology, new types or additional variants of malignant skin tumors are described. This article reviews the current nomenclature, clinico-pathological features, differential diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic implications of some new dermato(patho)logical rare emerging skin tumors, including epithelial tumors (squamous cell carcinoma with mucinous metaplasia), adnexal tumors (endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma), soft tissue tumors of vascular differentiation (pseudolymphomatous cutaneous angiosarcoma, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma), hematopoietic tumors (blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm) and mixed epithelial/melanocytic tumor (squamomelanocytic tumor).
Topics: Carcinoma; Dermatology; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 26086411
DOI: No ID Found -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022Since its first introduction into medical practice, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of benign... (Review)
Review
Since its first introduction into medical practice, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin. It has also been used as an adjunct for diagnosing equivocal cutaneous neoplasms that lack characteristic clinical or dermoscopic features. The use of RCM has led to a decreased number of biopsies of benign lesions. Multiple published studies show a strong correlation between RCM and histopathology thereby creating a bridge between clinical aspects, dermoscopy, and histopathology. Dermatopathologists may potentially play an important role in the interpretation of confocal images, by their ability to correlate histopathologic findings. RCM has also been shown to be an important adjunct to delineating tumoral margins during surgery, as well as for monitoring the non-surgical treatment of skin cancers. Advanced technology with smaller probes, such as the VivaScope 3000, has allowed access to lesions in previously inaccessible anatomic locations. This review explains the technical principles of RCM and describes the most common RCM features of normal skin with their corresponding histological correlation.
Topics: Dermoscopy; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36153173
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.10.010 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Nov 2018Infrared thermal imaging captures the infrared radiation emitted by the skin surface. The thermograms contain valuable information, since the temperature distribution... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Infrared thermal imaging captures the infrared radiation emitted by the skin surface. The thermograms contain valuable information, since the temperature distribution can be used to characterize physiological anomalies. Thus, the use of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has been studied as a possible medical tool to aid in the diagnosis of skin oncological lesions. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of the applications of IRT in skin neoplasm identification and characterization.
METHODS
A literature survey was conducted using the reference bibliographic databases: Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Keywords (thermography, infrared imaging, thermal imaging and skin cancer) were combined and its presence was verified at the title and abstract of the article or as a main topic. Only articles published after 2013 were considered during this search.
RESULTS
In total, 55 articles were encountered, resulting in 14 publications for revision after applying the exclusion criteria. It was denoted that IRT have been used to characterize and distinguish between malignant and benign neoplasms and different skin cancer types. IRT has also been successfully applied in the treatment evaluation of these types of lesions.
CONCLUSION
Trends and future challenges have been established to improve the application of IRT in this field, disclosing that dynamic thermography is a promising tool for early identification of oncological skin conditions.
Topics: Humans; Infrared Rays; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Temperature; Thermography
PubMed: 29575378
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12469 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2017Mass spectrometry imaging can be successfully used for skin cancer diagnosis, particularly for the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic lesions. This method analyzes... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging can be successfully used for skin cancer diagnosis, particularly for the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic lesions. This method analyzes proteins within benign and malignant melanocytic tumor cells and, based on their differences, which constitute a unique molecular signature of 5 to 20 proteins, can render a diagnosis of benign nevus versus malignant melanoma. Mass spectrometry imaging may assist in the differentiation between metastases and nevi as well as between proliferative nodules in nevi and melanoma arising in a nevus. In the difficult area of atypical Spitzoid neoplasms, mass spectrometry diagnosis can predict clinical outcome better than histopathology.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Melanoma; Nevus; Proteins; Proteomics; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28886807
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2017.06.012 -
Journal of the National Comprehensive... Mar 2012
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Recurrence; Skin Neoplasms; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 22393197
DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2012.0036 -
The British Journal of Dermatology May 2023Research has linked homelessness with an increased risk of skin conditions. However, representative studies of diagnosis-specific information on skin conditions in...
BACKGROUND
Research has linked homelessness with an increased risk of skin conditions. However, representative studies of diagnosis-specific information on skin conditions in people experiencing homelessness are lacking.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the association between homelessness and diagnosed skin conditions, prescribed medication and type of -consultation.
METHODS
This cohort study included data from the Danish nationwide health, social and administrative registers from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. All people of Danish origin living in Denmark and aged at least 15 years at some point during the study period were included. Homelessness, measured by homeless shelter contacts, was the exposure. The outcome was any diagnosis of a skin disorder and specific skin disorders recorded in the Danish National Patient Register. Information on diagnostic consultation type (i.e. dermatological, nondermatological and emergency room) and dermatological prescriptions was studied. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) (adjusted for sex, age and calendar year) and cumulative incidence.
RESULTS
In total, 5 054 238 individuals (50.6% female) were included in the study population, accounting for 73 477 258 person-years at risk, with a start mean (SD) age of 39.4 (21.1) years. Of the total number of individuals, 759 991 (15.0%) received a skin diagnosis and 38 071 (0.7%) experienced homelessness. A 2.31-times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25-2.36] higher IRR of any diagnosed skin condition was associated with homelessness, higher for nondermatological and emergency room consultations. Homelessness was associated with a reduced IRR of a skin neoplasm diagnosis (aIRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-8.82) compared with no homelessness. By the end of follow-up, 2.8% (95% CI 2.5-3.0) of individuals experiencing homelessness had a skin neoplasm diagnosis vs. 5.1% (95% CI 4.9-5.3) of individuals not experiencing homelessness. Five or more shelter contacts during the first year from first contact was associated with the highest aIRR of any diagnosed skin condition (7.33, 95% CI 5.57-9.65) compared with no contacts.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals experiencing homelessness have high rates of most diagnosed skin conditions, but a lower occurrence of skin cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic and medical patterns for skin disorders differed clearly between people experiencing homelessness and individuals without these experiences. The time after first homeless shelter contact is an important window of opportunity for mitigating and preventing skin disorders.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Cohort Studies; Registries; Ill-Housed Persons; Skin Neoplasms; Denmark
PubMed: 36810657
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad040