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Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 2020It is estimated that half of the adult population older than 60 years snores. This article discusses the many aspects of snoring, including impacts on bed partners, the... (Review)
Review
It is estimated that half of the adult population older than 60 years snores. This article discusses the many aspects of snoring, including impacts on bed partners, the individual who snores, and when and how to appropriately evaluate, diagnose, and treat the perpetrator. The goal is for clinicians to expand their knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of the phenomenon of snoring.It is estimated that half of the adult population over the age of 60 years of age snores. This chapter discusses snoring, including the impact on bed partners, the individual that snores and when and how to treat the snorer. The goal is for clinicians to expand their knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of patients who snores.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Humans; Nasopharynx; Nose; Polysomnography; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Snoring; Sound Spectrography
PubMed: 32336469
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.02.011 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Sep 2015Chronic snoring (≥4 nights per week) is not benign. Otherwise healthy children with chronic snoring and evidence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy can be referred directly... (Review)
Review
Chronic snoring (≥4 nights per week) is not benign. Otherwise healthy children with chronic snoring and evidence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy can be referred directly for adenotonsillectomy. Snoring children <30 months or with significant medical comorbidities should be referred for specialist sleep evaluation. Older children with intermittent snoring or without significant medical comorbidities can be managed with a combination of medical and surgical interventions listed herein.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Humans; Infant; Snoring
PubMed: 26333074
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12976 -
Sleep Medicine Clinics Mar 2022Snoring can be harmless (primary) or a symptom of sleep-disordered breathing (secondary) and should alert the physician to evaluate the patient for risks thereof.... (Review)
Review
Snoring can be harmless (primary) or a symptom of sleep-disordered breathing (secondary) and should alert the physician to evaluate the patient for risks thereof. Phenotypes of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are anatomic and nonanatomic and identifying these phenotypes and their interrelationships are critical to effective therapy. Mouth breathing alerts the physician to nasal airway obstruction, signals orofacial growth changes in children, and heralds the progression of SDB. Systematic evaluation to establish phenotypes includes assessing sleep habits, comorbidities, upper airway examination, polysomnography, and drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Strategies for treatment should be personalized and precise to the phenotype(s) to achieve the most benefit.
Topics: Humans; Polysomnography; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Snoring
PubMed: 35216759
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2021.10.010 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2005
Review
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Examination; Snoring
PubMed: 16269493
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.331.7524.1063 -
Chest Jan 1996
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Pediatrics in Review Aug 2021
Topics: Humans; Snoring
PubMed: 34341091
DOI: 10.1542/pir.2020-000950 -
Sleep Medicine Dec 2021The purpose of this study is to summarize the evidence for the association between snoring and hypertension and the effect of snoring on hypertension in men and/or women. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to summarize the evidence for the association between snoring and hypertension and the effect of snoring on hypertension in men and/or women.
METHODS
We searched the articles in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase published up to 12 November 2020 to evaluate the association between snoring and hypertension. Studies were selected according to the predefined screening criteria and their qualities were assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Evaluation Scale. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as effective indicators. It was registered in PROSPERO with the number: CRD42021224912.
RESULTS
According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 studies including eight prospective cohort studies and three cross-sectional studies were included. The results showed that compared with non-snoring participants, snoring significantly increased the risk of hypertension in both men and women [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.42; men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-1.49; women: odds ratio (OR) = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-1.40]. Besides, the risk of hypertension was significantly increased when the snoring frequency was ≥4 nights/week [frequency≥4 nights/week: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-1.66; 4 nights/week >frequency>0: odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.13-1.34].
CONCLUSIONS
Snoring is considered as an independent predictor of hypertension in both men and women, which may play a role in the prevention and control of hypertension. People who snore frequently should pay close attention to their blood pressure levels to prevent hypertension.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Snoring
PubMed: 34749273
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.016 -
Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung Jun 2021Snoring is a common phenomenon which is generated by vibration of soft tissue of the upper airway during sleep. Due to the high incidence of isolated snoring and the... (Review)
Review
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Snoring is a common phenomenon which is generated by vibration of soft tissue of the upper airway during sleep. Due to the high incidence of isolated snoring and the substantial burden for the patient and the bed partner, a thorough examination and appropriate therapy are required. Many recommendations for the treatment of isolated snoring are either not evidence-based or are derived from recommendations for the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore, the aim of this study is the identification and description of open questions in the diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring and the illustration of areas for further research.
METHODS
In the context of the development of the new version of the German guideline "Diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring in adults," a multidisciplinary team of experts performed a systematic literature search on the relevant medical data and rated the current evidence regarding the key diagnostic and therapeutic measures for snoring.
RESULTS
The systematic literature review identified 2293 articles. As a major inclusion criterion, only studies on primary snoring based on objective sleep medical assessment were selected. After screening and evaluation, 33 full-text articles remained for further analysis. Based on these articles, open questions and areas for future research were identified for this review.
CONCLUSION
Several major gaps in the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring were identified. For the majority of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for snoring, high-level scientific evidence is still lacking.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Forecasting; Humans; Snoring
PubMed: 32623557
DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02138-6 -
Medicina Clinica Jun 2011Snore is a breathing sound that is originated during sleep, either nocturnal or diurnal. Snoring may be inspiratory, expiratory or it may occupy the whole breathing... (Review)
Review
Snore is a breathing sound that is originated during sleep, either nocturnal or diurnal. Snoring may be inspiratory, expiratory or it may occupy the whole breathing cycle. It is caused by the vibrations of the different tissues of the upper airway. Many procedures have been used to analyze it, from simple interrogation, to standardized questionnaires, to more sophisticated acoustic methods developed thanks to the advance of biomedical techniques in the last years. The present work describes the current state of the art of snoring analysis procedures.
Topics: Humans; Snoring
PubMed: 20576278
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.04.004 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2014Simple snoring (SS), in the absence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), is a common problem, yet our understanding of its causes and consequences is incomplete. Our... (Review)
Review
Simple snoring (SS), in the absence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), is a common problem, yet our understanding of its causes and consequences is incomplete. Our understanding is blurred by the lack of consistency in the definition of snoring, methods of assessment, and degree of concomitant complaints. Further, it remains contentious whether SS is independently associated with daytime sleepiness, or adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Regardless of this lack of clarity, it is likely that SS exists on one end of a continuum, with OSA at its polar end. This possibility highlights the necessity of considering an otherwise 'annoying' complaint, as a serious risk factor for the development and progression of sleep apnoea, and consequent poor health outcomes. In this review, we: 1) highlight variation in prevalence estimates of snoring; 2) review the literature surrounding the distinctions between SS, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and OSA; 3) present the risk factors for SS, in as far as it is distinguishable from UARS and OSA; and 4) describe common correlates of snoring, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and daytime sleepiness.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Snoring
PubMed: 24888523
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.04.006