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BioMed Research International 2017Effective shaping and cleaning of root canals are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Due to the complex anatomy of root canal spaces, the use of various... (Review)
Review
Effective shaping and cleaning of root canals are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Due to the complex anatomy of root canal spaces, the use of various instrumentation techniques alone is not effective in producing bacteria-free root canal spaces. Irrigation, disinfectants, rinses, and intervisit medications are used in conjunction with the mechanical instrumentation to ensure the success of endodontic treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a halogenated compound, is routinely used to irrigate the root canal during endodontic treatments. NaOCl has been known for its antibacterial action, proteolytic and dissolution capacity, and debridement properties. NaOCl, however, can alter the composition of dentin and hence its interaction with the adhesive resins used to bond the restorative materials to treated dentin. This review therefore covers in depth the action of NaOCl on dentin-adhesive resin bond strength including both enhancement and reduction, then mechanisms proposed for such action, and finally how the adverse action of NaOCl on dentin can be reversed.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Humans; Resin Cements; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 28904947
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1930360 -
British Dental Journal Sep 2022
Topics: Hypochlorous Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 36151146
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-5030-z -
Stomatologija 2020The aim of this paper was to analyze the literature published in the research related to sodium hypochlorite induced injury. An internet search using search engines...
The aim of this paper was to analyze the literature published in the research related to sodium hypochlorite induced injury. An internet search using search engines (Google, Researchgate and PubMed) was carried out. The keywords used for search were sodium hypochlorite, injury, cellulitis, apical extrusion, ulcer, endodontics. Full text articles of the articles were collected from the year 2007 to 2017. The data available from the clinical trials the journal articles were analyzed and presented in both tabular and descriptive patterns.
Topics: Accidents; Endodontics; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 32706342
DOI: No ID Found -
British Dental Journal May 2023
Topics: Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 37237186
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5929-z -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2023Sodium hypochlorite, a gold standard for irrigation in endodontics, has disadvantages like toxicity and root dentin weakening. Alternatives derived from natural products... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Sodium hypochlorite, a gold standard for irrigation in endodontics, has disadvantages like toxicity and root dentin weakening. Alternatives derived from natural products are being explored.
AIMS
This systematic review was done to understand the clinical benefits of natural irrigants when compared with a standard irrigant, sodium hypochlorite.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (2018 CRD42018112837) METHODS AND MATERIAL: This review was done in conformation to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2020) statement. In vivo studies using at least one natural irrigant and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were included. Studies using them as medicaments were excluded. PubMed, Cochrane and SCOPUS were searched. RevMan tool for Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and risk-of-bias tool to assess non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used. GRADEpro was used to assess certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Ten articles (6 RCTs and 4 clinical studies) on approximately 442 patients were included. Seven natural irrigants were evaluated clinically. Due to the heterogeneity, meta-analysis could not be conducted. Antimicrobial efficacy was found to be similar for castor oil, neem, garlic-lemon, noni, papaine and NaOCl. Neem, papaine-chloramine, neem-NaOCl and neem-CHX were superior, while propolis, miswak and garlic were inferior to NaOCl. Post-operative pain was less for neem. There was no significant difference between papaine-chloramine, garlic extract and sodium hypochlorite in clinical/radiographic success.
CONCLUSIONS
The studied natural irrigants are not more efficacious than NaOCl. At the moment, they cannot replace NaOCl routinely and may only substitute in select cases.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite; Chloramines; Root Canal Irrigants; Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 36808559
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04913-7 -
British Dental Journal Apr 2023
Topics: Sodium Hypochlorite; Dental Pulp Cavity; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Irrigants; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 37059753
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5755-3 -
International Journal of Dermatology Sep 2022Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder, especially in the pediatric population. Genetic and immunological factors, epidermal barrier defect, as well as skin... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder, especially in the pediatric population. Genetic and immunological factors, epidermal barrier defect, as well as skin microbiota imbalance with increased colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. One of the AD topical treatments is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a 0.005% water bath solution. This substance has been used for years as an antiseptic preparation. Studies show that NaOCl has an antimicrobial effect but probably at higher concentrations than those used in AD treatment. Nevertheless, many research studies confirm the anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects of NaOCl, which contributes to clinical improvement in AD patients as well as reducing the need for local steroids and antibiotics. Bleach baths seem to be a well tolerated, cheap, and easily available therapy. However, research still should be continued to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy, anti-inflammatory effects, and safety.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Baths; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Skin; Sodium Hypochlorite; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35167708
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16099 -
British Dental Journal Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Child; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 38609595
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7304-0 -
Australian Dental Journal Aug 1998Sodium hypochlorite has been used as an endodontic irrigant for more than 70 years, and is now one of the most common solutions for this purpose. The chemical properties... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Sodium hypochlorite has been used as an endodontic irrigant for more than 70 years, and is now one of the most common solutions for this purpose. The chemical properties and production of commercial sodium hypochlorite are reviewed. Domestic bleaches and an infant sanitizer are compared from the point of view of cost and ease of use--Milton being recommended where a 1% solution is required. The cost of syringes and needles for endodontic irrigation is many times greater than the hypochlorite they contain, and total annual practice costs for hypochlorite are low. Brief guidelines for clinical use, storage, handling and disposal are included.
Topics: Costs and Cost Analysis; Dental Disinfectants; Household Products; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 9775472
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1998.tb00173.x -
International Dental Journal Dec 2008The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection.... (Review)
Review
The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major cause of pulpal and periradicular pathosis. In order to reduce or eliminate bacteria and pulpal tissue remnants, various irrigation solutions have been suggested to be used during treatment. Sodium hypochlorite, an excellent non-specific proteolytic and antimicrobial agent, is the most common irrigation solution used during root canal therapy. The purpose of this paper was to review different aspects of sodium hypochlorite use in endodontics.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Disinfectants; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 19145794
DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00354.x