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American Heart Journal Dec 1996GH has an important role in normal cardiovascular physiologic functioning, working indirectly through effects on IGF-1. An excess or deficiency of GH causes an increased... (Review)
Review
GH has an important role in normal cardiovascular physiologic functioning, working indirectly through effects on IGF-1. An excess or deficiency of GH causes an increased rate of cardiovascular disease, including cardiomyopathy. A relative GH deficiency in older subjects may also increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. In replacement doses, GH can enhance myocardial contractility; can decrease peripheral vascular resistance; and can reduce total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol values and fibrinogen and PAI levels. These effects of GH, coupled with the ability to improve skeletal muscle function and reduce adiposity, make it an attractive treatment for patients with CHF and a potential maintenance drug for elderly people. Clinical trials, including studies with GHRH that may reduce the adverse effects of GH therapy, such as hyperglycemia and hypertension, are now in progress.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Growth Hormone; Heart Diseases; Human Growth Hormone; Humans
PubMed: 8969577
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(96)90469-x -
European Journal of Clinical... Jul 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Bone Remodeling; Female; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; Male; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Receptors, Somatomedin; Receptors, Somatotropin; Somatomedins
PubMed: 8864413
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.00292.x -
Orvosi Hetilap Mar 1962
Topics: Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 13909218
DOI: No ID Found -
Endokrynologia Polska 2007Growth hormone (GH) is a well established participant in several complex physiological processes including growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Recombinant human GH... (Review)
Review
Growth hormone (GH) is a well established participant in several complex physiological processes including growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Recombinant human GH is a drug that has been approved for use for several clinical conditions where the action of GH is diminished or completely lacking. Thus there is considerable interest in developing novel drugs that modify the function of GH. Only in the last several decades have the detailed structural features of GH along with its interaction with its receptor been elucidated. In this review we summarise the basic structural and functional properties of GH, its receptor and their interaction. In addition, we discuss the discovery and development of an effective GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant, and summarise potential therapeutic uses of this drug.
Topics: Animals; Growth Hormone; Hormone Antagonists; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Models, Molecular; Receptors, Somatotropin
PubMed: 18058724
DOI: No ID Found -
Diabetes 1960
Topics: Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland
PubMed: 14401060
DOI: 10.2337/diab.9.4.272 -
Growth Hormone & IGF Research :... Jun 2001Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) in the human body vary and can influence the levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Low levels of GH can result in a dwarf... (Review)
Review
Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) in the human body vary and can influence the levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Low levels of GH can result in a dwarf phenotype and have been positively correlated with an increased life expectancy. High levels of GH can lead to gigantism or a clinical syndrome termed acromegaly, and also have been implicated in diabetic eye and kidney damage. Additionally, it has been postulated that the GH-IGF-I system can be involved in several types of cancers. Overall, both elevated and suppressed circulating levels of GH can have pronounced physiological effects. More than a decade ago a new class of drug, a GH antagonist, was discovered. It is now being tested for its ability to combat the effects of high circulating levels of GH. In this review, we will discuss some of the detrimental actions of GH and how a GH antagonist may be used to combat these effects.
Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Acromegaly; Animals; Diabetic Retinopathy; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Polyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Somatotropin
PubMed: 11527080
DOI: 10.1016/s1096-6374(01)80017-4 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Feb 2006Endocrine diagnostic tests are dependent on the molecular characteristics of protein hormones, a property that is also intimately tied to function. The... (Review)
Review
Endocrine diagnostic tests are dependent on the molecular characteristics of protein hormones, a property that is also intimately tied to function. The structure-function relationship is of particular importance for multifunctional protein hormones such as growth hormone (GH). For clinical diagnosis, it is imperative to understand the relationship between GH structure (and its molecular fragments) and function and their potential interaction with single or multiple receptors. The existence of a single or aggregated intact GH 22 kDa form such as the 20 kDa GH isoform has been described, but GH fragments cannot be excluded a priori. Recent advances and probable similarity of GH with other protein hormones such as natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and their proANP and proBNP fragments) and POMC (ACTH, beta-endorphin, etc.) lend support to the hypothesis that GH fragments should also be present. This brief review focuses on GH heterogeneity and feasible post-synthesis events. The aim of the review is to describe which GH forms/fragments have already been recognized and/or are potentially present in the circulation. The impacts of GH isoforms (namely the intact 20 and 22 kDa isoforms) and fragments thereof on quantitative measurement are discussed with reference to traditional immunoassay technology and innovative immunofunctional laboratory assays.
Topics: Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Immunoassay; Models, Molecular; Peptide Fragments; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Isoforms; Receptors, Somatotropin
PubMed: 16194529
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.06.009 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Sep 2003
Review
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aging; Animals; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Mice; Neoplasms; Species Specificity
PubMed: 12946877
DOI: 10.1016/s1043-2760(03)00115-2 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Sep 2003Human hGH is listed as a prohibited class E substance by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and its use is considered as doping. However, until today the...
Human hGH is listed as a prohibited class E substance by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and its use is considered as doping. However, until today the likelihood of being punished for using recombinant hGH is very limited: once injected, it is believed to be undetectable by laboratories. No official test is implemented in the doping control procedures, and the only situation when athletes were found guilty of doping with hGH arose from actions of customs officers or policemen arresting athletes carrying ampoules with them. The primary reason for the lack of an accepted test method is the amino acid sequence identity between the main fraction of pituitary derived hGH and recombinant hGH, which makes it difficult to discriminate between endogenous and exogenous hGH. In addition, hGH is known to have a very short half-life time in circulation of around 15 min. Recent efforts of endocrine researchers led to the identification of two main strategies promising to be useful for the detection of recombinant hGH application, which are reviewed in this article: on the one hand, changes in GH-dependent parameters after administration of recombinant GH have been shown to be possible indicators of GH abuse, because the increase in various parameters following recombinant hGH administration exceeds the variability commonly observed in normal, healthy subjects. More directly, another approach focuses on changes in the hGH isoform pattern in serum occurring after injection of recombinant hGH. Because of the negative feedback on pituitary hGH secretion, the relative abundance of isoforms other than 22 kD are greatly reduced after administration of recombinant hGH, which only consists of the 22 kD hGH isoform.
Topics: Doping in Sports; Feedback, Physiological; Half-Life; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Protein Isoforms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Substance Abuse Detection
PubMed: 14964447
DOI: 10.1007/BF03345245 -
Endokrynologia Polska 1963
Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Stroke
PubMed: 14068848
DOI: No ID Found