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Neuroradiology Aug 2023The sphenoid sinus (SS) is one of the four paired paranasal sinuses (PNSs) within the sphenoid bone body. Isolated pathologies of sphenoid sinus are uncommon. The...
The sphenoid sinus (SS) is one of the four paired paranasal sinuses (PNSs) within the sphenoid bone body. Isolated pathologies of sphenoid sinus are uncommon. The patient may have various presentations like headache, nasal discharge, post nasal drip, or non-specific symptoms. Although rare, potential complications of sphenoidal sinusitis can range from mucocele to skull base or cavernous sinus involvement, or cranial neuropathy. Primary tumors are rare and adjoining tumors secondarily invading the sphenoid sinus is seen. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities used to diagnose various forms of sphenoid sinus lesions and complications. We have compiled anatomic variants and various pathologies affecting sphenoid sinus lesions in this article.
Topics: Humans; Sphenoid Sinus; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mucocele
PubMed: 37202536
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03163-4 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jul 2018
PubMed: 29730382
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4318 -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 2011
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Disasters; Female; Humans; Japan; Maxillary Sinusitis; Multiple Trauma; Near Drowning; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Tsunamis
PubMed: 21924991
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60832-5 -
Journal of Neuroradiology = Journal de... Sep 2003Sphenoid sinusitis is uncommon, with an incidence of about 2.7%. Failure to diagnose and treat sphenoid sinus disease has been shown to lead to serious neurologic...
Sphenoid sinusitis is uncommon, with an incidence of about 2.7%. Failure to diagnose and treat sphenoid sinus disease has been shown to lead to serious neurologic sequellae. Plain radiographs play a limited role in the management of sinusitis. CT scan can provide a positive diagnosis by the visualization of mucosal thickening, air-fluid level and complete opacification of the sinusal cavities. In addition, CT can provide more information about the anatomy and abnormalities of the sphenoid sinus. MRI is used in cases of suspected tumors or neurologic involvement. The most common presenting symptom is headache that arise characteristically, but rarely, from the vertex. Sphenoiditis has a high risk of severe neurologic involvement, cavernous sinus thrombosis being one of the most serious complications.
Topics: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sphenoid Bone; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 14566188
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Child Neurology Dec 2001The sphenoid sinus is often referred to as the "neglected sinus." Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare disease with potentially devastating complications. It occurs at...
The sphenoid sinus is often referred to as the "neglected sinus." Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare disease with potentially devastating complications. It occurs at an incidence of about 2.7% of all sinus infections. Although headache is the most common presenting symptom, there is no typical headache pattern. Three cases of children with isolated sphenoid sinusitis presenting with acute, subacute, and chronic headache symptoms are presented. The sensory innervation of the sphenoid sinus is derived from the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve, which may explain the pathophysiology of the headache, similar to the trigeminovascular pain theory of migraine. There are few reports on sphenoid sinusitis and headache; however, modern neuroimaging has made this probably under-recognized disorder easier to diagnose and treat. Although the diagnosis can be difficult to differentiate from migraine headache, early and appropriate treatment usually results in an excellent outcome without morbidity.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Migraine Disorders; Sphenoid Sinus; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 11785500
DOI: 10.1177/088307380101601203 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2004Disease of the sphenoid sinus is often vague and nonspecific in its clinical presentation. Therefore, the otolaryngologist must maintain a high index of suspicion when... (Review)
Review
Disease of the sphenoid sinus is often vague and nonspecific in its clinical presentation. Therefore, the otolaryngologist must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients who present with such nonspecific symptoms. A thorough understanding of the radiologic characteristics of sphenoid sinus disease is essential in the proper evaluation and management of these patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15064073
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-6665(03)00160-9 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Apr 2016Nocardia sinusitis is exceptional, as a Medline search revealed only one published case. The authors report a case of sphenoid sinusitis complicated by infratemporal...
INTRODUCTION
Nocardia sinusitis is exceptional, as a Medline search revealed only one published case. The authors report a case of sphenoid sinusitis complicated by infratemporal fossa abscess, which raised several diagnostic problems.
CASE REPORT
The patient was referred with temporal headache, subacute trigeminal neuralgia and subsequent infectious syndrome. Computed tomography imaging revealed left sphenoid sinusitis with osteolysis and infratemporal fossa abscess, as well as suspicious lung nodules suggestive of the initial site of infection. Bacteriological specimens obtained by endoscopic sphenoidotomy confirmed the presence of Nocardia nova. A favourable outcome was observed in response to targeted antibiotic therapy.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Sphenoid sinusitis with infratemporal fossa abscess is an exceptional mode of presentation of nocardiosis, illustrating the polymorphic clinical features of this disease. Bacteriological examination of samples taken directly from the organ concerned, in this case, by sphenoidotomy, is the only formal diagnostic criterion. Antibiotic therapy with intravenous imipenem/amikacin, followed by oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim Forte(®)) for several months, is the key to successful management.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Female; Humans; Nocardia Infections; Sphenoid Sinusitis
PubMed: 26471040
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.09.004 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Potentially fatal fungal sphenoid sinusitis (FSS) causes visual damage. However, few studies have reported on its visual impairment and prognosis. Five hundred and...
Potentially fatal fungal sphenoid sinusitis (FSS) causes visual damage. However, few studies have reported on its visual impairment and prognosis. Five hundred and eleven FSS patients with ocular complications treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital were recruited and clinical features and visual outcomes were determined. Thirty-two of the 511 patients (6%) had visual impairment, with 13 and 19 patients having invasive and noninvasive FSS, respectively. Eighteen patients (56.25%) had diabetes and 2 patient (6.25%) had long-term systemic use of antibiotics (n = 1) and corticosteroids (n = 1). All patients had visual impairment, which was more severe in invasive FSS than in noninvasive FSS. Bony wall defects and sclerosis were observed in 19 patients (59.38%), and 11 patients (34.38%) had microcalcification in their sphenoid sinusitis on computed tomography (CT). After a 5-year follow-up, three patients (9.38%) died. Patients with noninvasive FSS had a higher improvement rate in visual acuity than their counterparts. In the multivariate analysis, sphenoid sinus wall sclerosis on CT was associated with better visual prognosis. FSS can cause vision loss with persistent headaches, particularly in those with diabetes. CT showed the sphenoid sinus wall sclerosis, indicating a better visual prognosis in FSS with visual impairment.
Topics: Humans; Sphenoid Sinusitis; Sclerosis; Sinusitis; Mycoses; Vision Disorders; Vision, Low; Retrospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38622183
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59107-2 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Nov 2016Sphenoiditis is of particular interest because the sphenoid sinus has thin wall and its special anatomical location facilitate dissemination of infection to many...
Sphenoiditis is of particular interest because the sphenoid sinus has thin wall and its special anatomical location facilitate dissemination of infection to many intracranial structures including vascular structures. The main objective of this report is to gain insight into patterns of presentation and imaging findings in cerebrovascular complications of sphenoid sinusitis and to emphasize the need of reviewing Brain Computed Tomography Scan in all windows. This is a report of 32-year-old young female presented with fever and headache who was diagnosed to have sphenoid sinusitis after radiological examination. Sphenoid sinusitis may involve several intracranial structures, with potentially severe or even fatal complications. Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic/antifungal therapy is essential to minimize mortality and morbidity.
PubMed: 28050478
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/23899.8905 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jul 2011Isolated sphenoid sinusitis (ISS) is a rare entity. ISS accounts for about 1-2% of all sinus infections. Isolated sphenoid sinus involvement may include mucoceles,...
Isolated sphenoid sinusitis (ISS) is a rare entity. ISS accounts for about 1-2% of all sinus infections. Isolated sphenoid sinus involvement may include mucoceles, pyoceles and isolated mycotic infections. We report a case of isolated sphenoid pyocele in a 35 year-old female who presented in August 2007 with frontal and occipital headache, post nasal discharge and bilateral nasal obstruction for 6 years. CT scan showed isolated right sphenoid sinusitis. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed a streak of post nasal discharge on right side above the torus tubaris confirming right sphenoiditis. A cyst in the nasopharynx was incidentally detected which was confirmed by fluid aspiration to be Thornwaldt's cyst (TC). TCs have reported prevalence of 0.2-5% and though most are asymptomatic their location renders them vulnerable to infection. Sphenoidotomy was done and the cyst in the nasopharynx was removed and marsupialised. Postoperative course was uneventful.
PubMed: 22754866
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0256-0