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The Journal of Hospital Infection Jul 2010Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli create a significant problem in clinical settings, being the most widespread cause of nosocomial infections. They are opportunistic... (Review)
Review
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli create a significant problem in clinical settings, being the most widespread cause of nosocomial infections. They are opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of underlying conditions and diseases. Sphingomonas paucimobilis, a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus, is regarded as of minor clinical significance; however, many instances of infections with this organism can be found in the literature. Infections include bacteraemia/septicaemia caused by contaminated solutions, e.g. distilled water, haemodialysis fluid and sterile drug solutions. Cases of pseudobacteraemia have been recorded in association with S. paucimobilis, as have many cases of unusual infections both invasive and severe, e.g. septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. No cases of death have been recorded in the literature related to S. paucimobilis. This review illustrates that S. paucimobilis is a more important pathogen than previously thought.
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Bacteremia; Cross Infection; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 20434794
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.03.007 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2022Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic, non-fermentative, opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus found in water systems. This study was conducted to analyze concurrent S.... (Review)
Review
Sphingomonas paucimobilis Outbreak a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Hospital: Epidemiological Investigation and Literature Review of an Emerging Healthcare-Associated Infection.
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic, non-fermentative, opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus found in water systems. This study was conducted to analyze concurrent S. paucimobilis bacteremia cases and treatment outcomes, potential outbreak sources, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. This ambidirectional cohort study was conducted in a 30-bed pediatric hematology-oncology hospital. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 17 years, with a median age of 5 years. Environmental sampling was applied to investigate the outbreak source. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolated bacteria were performed using the disk diffusion method and Vitek®2 automated system. S. paucimobilis was detected in 181 blood culture samples from 51 patients over 2 years and was isolated from hot tap water. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was diagnosed for 66% of patients, and two of our patients with ALL died due to S. paucimobilis sepsis. S. paucimobilis isolates are susceptible to carbapenems and quinolones. Surveillance and epidemic control should be performed for hospital-acquired infectious agents such as S. paucimobilis. In additon, water distribution systems should be checked for colonizing agents at regular intervals.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cross Infection; Delivery of Health Care; Disease Outbreaks; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hematology; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Sphingomonas; Water
PubMed: 35095025
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.661 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2022Small case series and reports suggest that Sphingomonas paucimobilis is predominantly a cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) with very low associated...
BACKGROUND
Small case series and reports suggest that Sphingomonas paucimobilis is predominantly a cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) with very low associated mortality. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and outcome of Sphingomonas species BSI in a large Australian population.
METHODS
We included all residents of Queensland, Australia, with BSI because of Sphingomonas species identified within the publicly funded system from 2000 to 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 282 incident episodes of Sphingomonas species BSI were identified for an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 3.2 per million population annually. Incidence rates were highest in the tropical regions of the state. Most (94%) of the isolates were confirmed as Sphingomonas paucimobilis. In addition, 77% of the infections were community-onset, of which 48% were community-associated, and 30% were healthcare-associated. The very young, the old, and male patients were at the highest risk. Patients with community-associated disease were, on average, younger, had fewer co-morbidities, and were less likely to have polymicrobial infections. At least 1 co-morbidity was identified in 62% of patients, with malignancy, diabetes, and lung disease most prevalent. The overall all-cause 30-day case-fatality rate was 6%.
CONCLUSION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis BSI is a predominantly community-onset disease associated with a significant risk of death.
Topics: Australia; Bacteremia; Cross Infection; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35398302
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.060 -
Cureus Jul 2022usually exhibits low virulence likely secondary to its lack of lipopolysaccharide A. Infections caused by more commonly afflict immunocompromised patients. Some case...
usually exhibits low virulence likely secondary to its lack of lipopolysaccharide A. Infections caused by more commonly afflict immunocompromised patients. Some case reports document pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyomyoma, and septic arthritis secondary to in immunocompetent patients. bacteremia is associated with underlying conditions, including malignancy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bacteremia has the potential to lead to septic shock. Antimicrobial effectiveness varies, and the mechanism that leads to resistance has not yet been elucidated. This underscores the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We present a unique case of community-acquired bacteremia and resultant septic shock in an immunocompetent patient. A 90-year-old female with a history of chronic kidney disease, acute colonic infarction status post colostomy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, and schizoaffective disorder presented to the emergency department with hypotension and altered mental status. Urinalysis and chest X-ray were unremarkable. Antibiotic therapy with cefepime was initiated following gram stain, which showed gram-negative rods. The blood culture revealed . The patient was discharged with the plan to enter hospice care.
PubMed: 35959187
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26720 -
American Journal of Infection Control Oct 2020Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging aerobic, nonfermenting gram-negative, opportunistic bacterium involved in many healthcare-associated infections. We herein... (Review)
Review
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging aerobic, nonfermenting gram-negative, opportunistic bacterium involved in many healthcare-associated infections. We herein report the first outbreak of S paucimobilis catheter related bacteriemia occurred on the same day in 3 patients sharing a dialysis room. This report suggests that S paucimobilis could represent a further emerging cause of rapidly spreading healthcare-associated infections, and highlights the importance of a high level of surveillance and control measures.
Topics: Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Renal Dialysis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 32147279
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.01.018 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023is a gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in the environment but rarely causes infections in humans. Meningitis caused by is an extremely rare clinical... (Review)
Review
is a gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in the environment but rarely causes infections in humans. Meningitis caused by is an extremely rare clinical entity with very few reported cases in the literature. The clinical presentation and management of meningitis are not well established, and further research is needed to better understand this rare infection. Therefore, the goal of this study was to present probably the only case of meningitis caused by co-infection with and and to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered, in correlation with the other very few reported cases of meningitis. A 64-year-old male farmer residing in a rural area was admitted with symptoms of severe headache, somnolence, and confusion. He had several comorbidities, including adrenal insufficiency, duodenal ulcer, and hypercholesterolemia. Lumbar puncture showed elevated leukocyte counts, glucose, and a marked rise of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, indicating bacterial meningitis, which was confirmed by CSF culture that isolated and . Antituberculosis therapy was initiated with isoniazid (300 mg/day), rifampicin (600 mg/day), pyrazinamide (2000 mg/day), and streptomycin (1 g/day). Ceftriaxone was introduced nine days later, after CSF culture grew , and was discharged without complications after 40 days of hospitalization. The literature search revealed a total of 12 published cases of meningitis in patients ranging from two months old to 66 years old. Among these cases, eight (66%) reported a favorable outcome, while two (17%) cases resulted in a poor outcome, and two (17%) were fatal. It was observed among the 13 identified cases (including ours) that the CSF white blood cell count had an average of 178.9 × 10/mm, an average glucose level of 33.0 mg/dL, and an average protein count of 294.2 mg/dL. Most cases improved appropriately under antibiotic therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone, Meropenem, and Vancomycin. In conclusion, although extremely rare, meningitis has good outcomes even in immunocompromised patients with appropriate antibiotic therapy and close monitoring, while the diagnosis should not be excluded even in immunocompetent patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Infant; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Ceftriaxone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meningitis, Bacterial; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 37109645
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040687 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2019is a low-virulence gram-negative bacillus known to cause various ocular infections such as endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis and keratitis that are usually associated... (Review)
Review
is a low-virulence gram-negative bacillus known to cause various ocular infections such as endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis and keratitis that are usually associated with an underlying risk factor such as peri-partum or postpartum phase, cataract surgery, contact lens use, neurotrophic keratopathy or ocular trauma. We report a case of spontaneously occurring perforated corneal ulcer caused by the organism in a young man managed by penetrating keratoplasty. The course was followed by endophthalmitis with graft infection culminating in phthisis bulbi despite aggressive medical and surgical management. Along with reporting this case, we also present a review of literature on ocular infections caused by the same organism.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmitis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Postoperative Complications; Sphingomonas; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31801779
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231642 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Meningitis; Sphingomonas; Meningitis, Bacterial
PubMed: 36464478
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.12.015 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the... (Review)
Review
The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the source of infection remain unclear. We aim to see if the Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a non-contaminated environment-the caves-are reported in human infections. Eleven samples were collected from six Romanian caves. We used the standard procedure used in our clinical laboratory for bacterial identification and for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the cave isolates. Out of the 14 bacterial strains, three isolates are Gram-negative bacilli-one isolate belong to and two strains belong to . We screened for the published studies-full-text original articles or review articles-that reported human infections with and Data sources-PubMed and Cochrane library. We retrieved 447 cases from 49 references-262 cases (58.61%) are infections and 185 cases (41.39%) are infections. The types of infections are diverse but there are some infections more frequent; there are 116 cases (44.27%) and many infections of the bloodstream with (116 cases) and 121 cases (65.41%) are urinary tract infections with . The acquired source of the bloodstream infections is reported for 93 of bloodstream infections-50 cases (43%) are hospital-acquired, and 40 cases (37%) are community-acquired. Most of the infections are reported in patients with different underlying conditions. There are 80 cases (17.9%) are reported of previously healthy persons. Out of the 72 cases of pediatric infections, 62 cases (86.11%) are caused by . There are ten death casualties-three are infections, and seven are infections.
Topics: Caves; Child; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hafnia alvei; Humans; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35206510
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042324 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2008
Review
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Imipenem; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 18708553
DOI: No ID Found