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PloS One 2019The term heterotopy of the spiral colon encompasses a dysmorphological condition in which the spiral loops of the ascending colon (SLACs) do not form an orderly...
The term heterotopy of the spiral colon encompasses a dysmorphological condition in which the spiral loops of the ascending colon (SLACs) do not form an orderly spiraling mass adjacent to the left side of the mesojejunum. As a consequence, the spiral loops are spread over a larger surface, making them more or less movable. It has been hypothesized that the abnormal position of the spiral loops of the ascending colon might constitute a predisposing factor for an intestinal obstruction or an ileus condition. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anatomy of the spiral loops of the ascending colon in a population of healthy calves and to determine the prevalence of dysmorphism. The investigation was carried out on 1113 slaughtered veal calves. In 472 out of the 1113 calves, the spiral loops showed conformational aspects different from what has so far been described as normal in reference textbooks. In 91 calves the condition was definitely considered a pathological deviation from normality: in fact, the spiral colon had lost its typical spiral shape with random spacing between the loops, and it was nearly or completely detached from the mesojejunum. The lack of a broad attachment of the spiral loops of the ascending colon to the mesentery could provoke an alteration of the intestinal centre of gravity, enhancing the already asymmetrical distribution of weight between the jejunum and the descending colon.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Choristoma; Colon, Ascending; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 30978255
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215402 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jan 2021In this work, spiral dextrin/resveratrol (SD/Res) crystal, a new colon-specific drug-delivery system, was established by a novel method of encapsulation and...
In this work, spiral dextrin/resveratrol (SD/Res) crystal, a new colon-specific drug-delivery system, was established by a novel method of encapsulation and cocrystallization to improve the antidigestion ability compared with the SD/Res inclusion complex (SD/Res IC) prepared by encapsulation and coprecipitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the SD/Res crystal formed a more regular and perfect crystallite than SD/Res IC. Moreover, the encapsulation ability and thermostability of the SD/Res crystal were enhanced as the chain length of SD was increased. digestion indicated that SD/Res IC merely achieved small intestine-targeted release of resveratrol, while the SD/Res crystal could act as a colon-specific delivery system to protect resveratrol from degradation by gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes. The SD-1/Res crystal presented much higher thermal stability and stronger gastrointestinal stability than other SD/Res crystals and SD/Res ICs, which facilitated its application as a novel colon-target delivery system for resveratrol.
Topics: Colon; Dextrins; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Humans; Particle Size; Plant Extracts; Resveratrol; X-Ray Diffraction; Zea mays
PubMed: 33372794
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05668 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jul 2022Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality and is classified as a single entity, although colon cancer and rectal cancer have...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality and is classified as a single entity, although colon cancer and rectal cancer have largely different diagnoses, treatments, surgical methods, and recurrence rates. ≥ 16-slice spiral computed tomography (SCT) is mostly applied to detect the local stage of colon cancer; however, its diagnostic accuracy and whether it is conducive to distinguishing between high-risk and low-risk colon cancer are unclear.
AIM
To systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of ≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer.
METHODS
Based on the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, computers were used to search the literature from the establishment of the database to April 2021, and the results of the diagnostic tests on ≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer were collected according to the inclusion criteria. The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Quality Assessment Checklist of the Institute of Economics of Canada, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/). Afterward, a meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software Meta-disc 14.0 and Stata 15.0.
RESULTS
Eleven studies that provided data on 1613 subjects with computed tomography diagnostic tests were included in this study. Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, pooled negative likelihood ratio (LR), pooled diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the fitted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of ≥ 16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.65-0.70), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.80-0.83), 4.13 (95%CI: 2.66-6.41), 0.39 (95%CI: 0.31-0.49), 10.81 (95%CI: 7.33-15.94), and 0.829, respectively, while the specificity, negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the fitted ROC curve of ≥ 16-slice SCT for N staging of colon cancer were 0.54 (95%CI: 0.49-0.59), 0.74 (95%CI: 0.70-0.77), 1.92 (95%CI: 1.36-2.70), 0.67 (95%CI: 0.51-0.87), 3.74 (95%CI: 1.76-7.94), and 0.829 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ≥ 16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were acceptable, while the sensitivity for colon cancer N staging was relatively low, though its specificity was acceptable.
CONCLUSION
≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer has good diagnostic value; however, the accuracy needs to be confirmed by further clinical practice.
PubMed: 35979307
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6483 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Apr 2024Torsion of the spiral colon (TSC) describes twisting of the spiral colon around its mesentery. The present study reviewed the medical records of 58 cows and heifers with...
BACKGROUND
Torsion of the spiral colon (TSC) describes twisting of the spiral colon around its mesentery. The present study reviewed the medical records of 58 cows and heifers with TSC and described the findings, treatment and outcome.
RESULTS
All cases had an abnormal general condition, and the main vital sign abnormalities were tachycardia (72.4%), tachypnoea (67.2%) and decreased rectal temperature (51.8%). Signs of colic were seen in 62.1% of the cows. The most common intestinal abnormalities were an empty or almost empty rectum (96.6%), reduced or absent rumen motility (93.2%), positive ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation on the right side of the abdomen (87.9%), reduced or absent intestinal motility (84.5%) and dilatation of the large intestines (spiral colon and/or caecum, 70.7%) diagnosed by transrectal palpation. The main biochemical changes were hypermagnesaemia (70.8%), hypocalcaemia (70.8%), and acidosis (66.7%). Haemoconcentration was found in 63.8%. The main ultrasonographic findings were reduced to absent small intestinal motility (83.3%), dilated small intestines (69.6%) and ascites (66.7%). The spiral colon was dilated in 44.0% of the cows and the caecum in 24.0%. The actual site of torsion could not be visualised. Based on the clinical findings, TSC was diagnosed in 22.4% and caecal dilatation in 50.0% of the cows. A tentative diagnosis of small intestinal ileus was made in another 10.3% of the cows, and a definitive diagnosis of small intestinal ileus in 17.3%. Fifty-three cows underwent right flank laparotomy, and the TSC could be reduced in 26. Twenty-six of the 58 (44.8%) cows were discharged and 32 (55.2%) were euthanased before, during or after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Acute illness, a sparse amount of faeces in the rectum and dilated spiral colon and caecum are characteristic findings of TSC. The final diagnosis often relies on the surgical or postmortem findings. Cattle with TSC should be treated surgically without delay. The prognosis is guarded with a survival rate of 44.8%.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Female; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Cattle Diseases; Colon; Ileus
PubMed: 38622685
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00738-w -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Initial enteric microbial colonisation influences animal health and disease, hence an understanding of the first microbial colonisers within the piglet is important. The...
Initial enteric microbial colonisation influences animal health and disease, hence an understanding of the first microbial colonisers within the piglet is important. The spiral colon of piglets that were stillborn ( = 20), born-alive ( = 10), and born alive and had sucked ( = 9) were collected from 28 sows to investigate whether initial microbial colonisation occurs pre- or post-partum and how it develops during the first 24 h post-partum. To examine this, DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA amplicon analysis was performed to allow analysis of microbial communities. The results indicate that microbial colonisation of the spiral colon had occurred in stillborn pigs, suggesting microbial exposure prior to birth. Alpha diversity metrics indicated that the number of taxa and community richness were higher in piglets that sucked ( < 0.001) and community evenness was lower in stillborns in comparison to born-alive ( < 0.001) but was not affected by colostrum consumption ( < 0.001). Additionally, when compared with stillborn piglets, the bacteria colonising the spiral colon during the first 24 h post-partum included the potentially pathogenic bacteria , and , and potentially beneficial bacteria and . The relative presence of Archaea was high in stillborn piglets but decreased with post-natal environmental exposure. It is evident that stillborn piglets have bacteria present within their spiral colon, however further studies are needed in order to determine the time at which colonisation is initiated and the mechanisms determining how colonisation occurs. Additionally, as expected, the immediate post-natal environment largely influences the microorganisms colonising, while colostrum consumption further contributes to the microbial community enrichment.
PubMed: 33918395
DOI: 10.3390/life11040312 -
Medicine Dec 2020Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer....
BACKGROUND
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer. Ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) can both be used in the diagnosis, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages, which could cause confusion in clinical choice. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the practicability of spiral CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu [VIP], CBM). Besides, manually search for Google and Baidu academic of diagnostic experimental study of ultrasound and spiral CT in the diagnosis of Colon Cancer. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2020. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software.
RESULTS
Sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and helical CT in colorectal cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study will compare the practicability of CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer and provide reliable evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best evidence-based basis.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.
OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WAJHQ.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Odds Ratio; Research Design; Sensitivity and Specificity; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33327262
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023381 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 2003An 8-year-old potbellied pig was evaluated for anorexia, decreased fecal production, signs of depression, inappetence, and abdominal distension. During hospitalization,...
An 8-year-old potbellied pig was evaluated for anorexia, decreased fecal production, signs of depression, inappetence, and abdominal distension. During hospitalization, a tooth root impaction and abscess were diagnosed, and abdominal radiography revealed severely distended, gas-filled large and small intestines. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a stricture of the proximal centripetal loop of the spiral colon and megacolon of the proximal portion of the spiral colon and cecum. A side-to-side spiral colon anastomosis was performed to create a partial bypass of the spiral colon. The success of this procedure suggests that spiral colon bypass is a treatment option for spiral colon stricture formation in potbellied pigs. Spiral colon stricture formation should be considered as a differential diagnosis in geriatric potbellied pigs that are anorectic, have abdominal distension, and have decreased fecal production.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Colon; Colonic Diseases; Constriction, Pathologic; Female; Intestinal Obstruction; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 12762388
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.1408 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 2013To describe clinical signs and treatment outcomes for juvenile alpacas with spiral colon impaction (SCI).
OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical signs and treatment outcomes for juvenile alpacas with spiral colon impaction (SCI).
DESIGN
Retrospective case series. Animals-12 juvenile (< 6 months old) camelids with SCI.
PROCEDURES
Crias with SCI were identified by searching the medical records database of the Cornell University Equine and Farm Animal Hospital. A keyword-based search method was used. Inclusion required confirmation of SCI on the basis of surgical or necropsy findings. History, signalment, examination findings, diagnostic test results, medical treatments, and surgical reports as well as short- and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Peritoneal fluid parameters were compared with those of age-matched comparison crias in which SCI was suspected but ruled out at necropsy or exploratory celiotomy.
RESULTS
12 crias with confirmed SCI were identified. Common clinical signs included lethargy and diarrhea. Abdominal distention was observed in 9 crias. In 3 crias, a mass in the region of the spiral colon was palpated. Seven crias underwent peritoneal fluid analysis; compared with age-matched comparison crias, SCI-affected crias had higher peritoneal fluid nucleated cell counts and nucleated cell count-to-total protein concentration ratios. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed in 9 crias; 7 underwent an enterotomy, and 2 underwent transmural infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution with manual breakdown of ingesta; 3 of these crias survived for at least 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Crias with SCI that were not resolved by medical management had a poor prognosis. During celiotomy, transmural infusion of saline solution with manual breakdown of ingesta provided a less invasive alternative to enterotomy.
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Colonic Diseases; Fecal Impaction; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 23634688
DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.10.1419 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Dec 2020To evaluate the clinical value of CT angiography (CTA), CT colonography (CTC), and image fusion in the preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic complete mesocolic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical Value of Multi-Slice Spiral CT Angiography, Colon Imaging, and Image Fusion in the Preoperative Evaluation of Laparoscopic Complete Mesocolic Excision for Right Colon Cancer: a Prospective Randomized Trial.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical value of CT angiography (CTA), CT colonography (CTC), and image fusion in the preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colon cancer.
METHODS
In this randomized prospective study, 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic CME for right colon cancer were randomly divided into two groups: image fusion [the original images were reconstructed using CTA and CTC, then fused into three-dimensional images of the blood vessels and intestines (n = 40)] and control (without CTA and CTC reconstruction before surgery). All patients underwent plain and enhanced abdominal CT before surgery.
RESULTS
In the image fusion group, the gastrocolic trunk of Henle was present in 33 cases, and its branches originated from the colon vein, right gastroepiploic vein, and superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein. Among these patients, 5 exhibited the right gastroepiploic vein and superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein; 21 exhibited a gastrointestinal trunk consisting of 2 or 3 branches of the right gastroepiploic vein, right colon vein, and middle colon vein; and 7 exhibited 3 or 4 gastro-pancreatic and colon trunks consisting of the right colon vein, middle colon vein, right gastroepiploic vein, and superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein. The correspondence with the anatomy actually observed during surgery was 100%. Compared with the conventional CT group, the duration of the operation in the image fusion group was shorter, with reduced intraoperative bleeding, and more lymph node dissection. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
For laparoscopic CME for right colon cancer, CTA, CTC, and image fusion were effective preoperative evaluation methods, which avoided some unseen dangers in the operation process and led to better therapeutic outcomes.
Topics: Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Computed Tomography Angiography; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymph Node Excision; Mesocolon; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31845142
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04460-1 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G,... Feb 2019In small ruminants intestinal volvulus is a rare finding and therefore only scarcely mentioned in the literature. The case report summarizes findings and clinical...
In small ruminants intestinal volvulus is a rare finding and therefore only scarcely mentioned in the literature. The case report summarizes findings and clinical development of a pygmy goat with a volvulus of the spiral colon. The animal presented with a highly disturbed general condition and clinical signs of shock. It showed a painful abdomen and a balloon-shaped structure in the right dorsal abdomen. Diagnostic laparotomy revealed a rotation of the spiral colon of 360° to the right. Due to cardiovascular failure the animal died during surgery. The cause of the volvulus remains undetermined.
Topics: Animals; Colon; Fatal Outcome; Goats; Intestinal Volvulus; Laparotomy; Male
PubMed: 30808030
DOI: 10.1055/a-0809-4199