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Canadian Journal of Microbiology Oct 1976A survey in various countries revealed that the N2-fixing Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck is a very common root and soil inhabitant in the tropics. More than half of the...
A survey in various countries revealed that the N2-fixing Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck is a very common root and soil inhabitant in the tropics. More than half of the grass root and soil samples collected in tropical countries (four African countries and Brazil) contained abundant S. lipoferum populations, while less than 10% of the samples collected in temperate South Brazil, Kenya, and the U.S.A. contained the organism. There is a pronounced vegetation effect. Panicum maximum seems the most favorable among the forage grasses, while few positive samples were found under virgin tropical forest. Legume roots contained less S. lipoferum than adjacent soils. More than 80% of the samples from cereal roots (maize, sorghum, wheat, and rye) grown in fields fertilized with PK and Mo, in Rio de Janeiro State, were positive. Maize and sorghum grown under similar conditions in Wisconsin contained less than 10% of positive samples, but when maize fields were inoculated 90% of the root samples contained S. lipoferum. Alluvial soils were more favorable than eroded hill soils. Occurrence in soil was strongly pH-dependent with a pH around 7, being optimal (correlation coefficient r = 0.90). Sporadic occurrence was observed even in soils with pH 4.8. Surface-sterilized P. maximum roots collected from soils with pH ranging from 4.8 to 7.2 contained high S. lipoferum numbers which did not correlate with soil pH (r = 0.41). Amendment with malate of acid soils was not very effective in increasing nitrogenase (N2-ase) activity, but in two soils with pH above 6.4, high N2-ase activity was obtained after 16 to 48 h of incubation. In two soils from a temperate climate region, inoculation with S. lipoferum increased N2-ase activity produced through malate amendment.
Topics: Africa; Brazil; Ecology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrogen Fixation; Plants; Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Spirillum; Tropical Climate; United States
PubMed: 10062
DOI: 10.1139/m76-217 -
The Veterinary Record Jun 1979
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Fetus; Pregnancy; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 116417
DOI: 10.1136/vr.104.24.559-b -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1926
PubMed: 16559199
DOI: 10.1128/jb.12.1.19-49.1926 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Aug 1905
PubMed: 29004771
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of General Microbiology Apr 1978A Spirillum sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. possessing crossing substrate saturation curves for L-lactate were isolated from fresh water by chemostat enrichment. Their Ks and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A Spirillum sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. possessing crossing substrate saturation curves for L-lactate were isolated from fresh water by chemostat enrichment. Their Ks and mumax values for L-lactate were: Spirillum sp., 23 micrometer and 0.35 h-1, respectively; Pseudomonas sp., 91 micrometer and 0.64 h-1, respectively. Under L-lactate limitation, pseudomonas sp. outgrew Spirillum s. at dilution rates (D) above 0.29 h-1, but the converse occurred at lower D values. The advantage of Spirillum sp. increased with decreasing D until, at D = 0.05 h-1 (i.e. L-lactate concentration of approximately 1 micrometer), Pseudomonas sp. was eliminated from the culture essentially as a non-growing population. In Spirillum sp. the Km for L-lactate transport (5.8 micrometer) was threefold lower than in Pseudomonas sp. (20 micrometer); Spirillum sp. also possessed a higher Vmax for the transport of this substrate. The surface to volume ratio was higher in Spirillum sp. and increased more markedly than in Pseudomonas sp. in response to decreasing D. Thus, a more efficient scavenging capacity contributes to the advantage of Spirillum sp. at low concentrations of the carbon source. Although most of the enzymes of L-lactate catabolism were more active in Pseudomonas sp., NADH oxidase activity was about twice as high in Spirillum sp.; and, unlike Pseudomonas sp., the cytochrome c content of this bacterium increased markedly with decreasing D. A more active and/or more efficient respiratory chain may therefore also play a role in the advantage of Spirillum sp. The other factors which appear to be involved include a lower energy of maintenance of Spirillum sp. [0.016 g L-lactate (g cell dry wt)-1 h-1 compared with 0.066 in Pseudomonas sp.] and a lower minimal growth rate.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Cell Count; Cell Membrane; Kinetics; Lactates; Pseudomonas; Spirillum
PubMed: 641523
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-105-2-187 -
Rheumatology International Oct 2023Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare infectious zoonotic disease caused by two bacterial species: the Gram-negative rod Streptobacillus moniliformis and the Gram-negative... (Review)
Review
Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare infectious zoonotic disease caused by two bacterial species: the Gram-negative rod Streptobacillus moniliformis and the Gram-negative coiled rod Spirillum minus. The association between RBF and skin vasculitis and arthritis has been observed. The aim of this paper was to present a case of rat-bite fever with symptoms of skin vasculitis and arthritis, associated with high titers of ANCA antibodies and anti-endothelial cell antibodies suggestive of primary vasculitis. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, leading to significant improvement. Based on the presented case, we discuss the differential diagnosis of the signs and the role of infection in the induction of ANCA antibodies. We reviewed the English language literature for cases of RBF presenting with symptoms of vasculitis and/or antibody presence. A literature review was performed in PubMed and Google using the keywords "rat bite fever" AND "vasculitis", "systemic vasculitis", "ANCA", "antiendothelial antibodies". No cases of rat-bite fever with the presence of ANCA antibodies or AECA antibodies in its course have been described thus far. Rat bite fever is a rare disease with nonspecific symptoms. In its course, general weakness, intermittent fever, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and arthritis are reported. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ANCA positivity associated with RBF.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Rat-Bite Fever; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
PubMed: 37450033
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05369-4 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jan 1949
Topics: Bacteria; Flagella; Spirillum; Spirochaeta
PubMed: 16561638
DOI: 10.1128/jb.57.1.111-118.1949 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 1960
Topics: Aged; Humans; Infections; Meningitis; Spirillum
PubMed: 13819393
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196003032620909 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1967The motility of Spirillum volutans is caused by the rotation of each polar flagellar fascicle in a direction opposite to that of the more slowly rotating cell. Both...
The motility of Spirillum volutans is caused by the rotation of each polar flagellar fascicle in a direction opposite to that of the more slowly rotating cell. Both flagella form cones of revolution oriented in the same direction. When the cell reverses its motion, both fascicles simultaneously reverse their rotation and also the orientation of their cones of revolution, with the tail fascicle becoming the head and vice versa. Chloral hydrate and phenol were found to cause uncoordination, with both fascicles becoming the head type; MgSO(4), Mg(NO(3))(2), NiSO(4), NiCl(2), CuSO(4), and CuCl(2) also caused uncoordination, with both fascicles becoming the tail type. In all cases, the flagellar fascicles remained highly active but the cells were motionless because of the opposing propulsion; the rotation of the fascicles was in a constant direction without reversal. Uncoordinated states could be maintained for 30 to 60 min. Neutralization of the dual-tail flagellation caused by NiSO(4) could be accomplished with chloral hydrate. At the null point, the flagellar orientation was intermediate between head and tail; the fascicles continually reversed direction of rotation, and, now coordinated, caused the cells to move back and forth. Higher concentrations of chloral hydrate completely overcame the effect of NiSO(4) and caused dual-head flagellation. Optimal concentrations of test compounds were determined with the use of pure cultures and a reproducible growth medium.
Topics: Chloral Hydrate; Chlorides; Copper; Drug Antagonism; Flagella; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium Sulfate; Motion Pictures; Movement; Nickel; Nitrates; Phenols; Rotation; Spirillum; Sulfates
PubMed: 6057800
DOI: 10.1128/jb.94.5.1431-1436.1967 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Apr 1936
PubMed: 29013025
DOI: No ID Found