-
The European Respiratory Journal Aug 2005
Topics: Humans; Maximal Voluntary Ventilation; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Spirometry; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 16055882
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805 -
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Dec 2009Pulmonary function testing is useful for the diagnosis and management of a variety of pulmonary conditions, and the most commonly obtained component is spirometry.... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary function testing is useful for the diagnosis and management of a variety of pulmonary conditions, and the most commonly obtained component is spirometry. Spirometry is most useful in the evaluation of obstructive airway disorders but can be a helpful tool in the management of patients with chest restriction or mixed disease. The utility of spirometry depends on reproducibility, standardization, and quality of testing. Accurate interpretation of test results depends on the availability of reference equations applicable to the subject undergoing testing. This paper reviews basic concepts, testing procedures, and interpretation of a single set of spirometry results as well as results obtained over time and gives an overview of previously published reference equations.
Topics: Constriction, Pathologic; Decision Making; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Spirometry; Thorax
PubMed: 19347610
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8128-z -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... 2019Spirometry is a pulmonary function test that allows screening, diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases. This is a simple, non-invasive test that is easy to... (Review)
Review
Spirometry is a pulmonary function test that allows screening, diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases. This is a simple, non-invasive test that is easy to perform. By quantifying the respiratory volumes and flows, such as forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume in six seconds (FEV6), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and the relationship between these parameters (FEV1/FVC or FEV1/FEV6 ratio), obstruction can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity; likewise, it is possible to classify the severity and response to the bronchodilator. This article presents indications, contraindications, and basic concepts for the interpretation of spirometry.
Topics: Equipment Design; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Respiration Disorders; Spirometry; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 31013409
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v66i1.536 -
Respiratory Care Mar 2018Incentive spirometry (IS) is commonly prescribed to reduce pulmonary complications, despite limited evidence to support its benefits and a lack of consensus on optimal... (Review)
Review
Incentive spirometry (IS) is commonly prescribed to reduce pulmonary complications, despite limited evidence to support its benefits and a lack of consensus on optimal protocols for its use. Although numerous studies and meta-analyses have examined the effects of IS on patient outcomes, there is no clear evidence establishing its benefit to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Clinical practice guidelines advise against the routine use of IS in postoperative care. Until evidence of benefit from well-designed clinical trials becomes available, the routine use of IS in postoperative care is not supported by high levels of evidence.
Topics: Humans; Lung Diseases; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Spirometry
PubMed: 29279365
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.05679 -
AAOHN Journal : Official Journal of the... Jun 1997
Review
Topics: Humans; Nursing Research; Occupational Health Nursing; Spirometry
PubMed: 9197583
DOI: No ID Found -
Nursing Times
-
Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia,... 1993In addition to improvements in spirometry instrumentation, the availability and quality of mechanical pump-testing equipment have also improved. These devices have... (Review)
Review
In addition to improvements in spirometry instrumentation, the availability and quality of mechanical pump-testing equipment have also improved. These devices have largely relied on the ATS 24 standard waveforms and appear to simulate human FVC maneuvers reasonably well, at least with respect to testing using room air. Testing using mechanical pumps filled with heated and humidified air to better simulate the human FVC maneuver is still evolving. With the availability of these testing devices, many problems in both spirometric hardware and software can be identified and corrected. Perhaps the two most significant emerging advancements in spirometry instrumentation are the automated test acceptability and reproducibility assessments with immediate feedback to the technician and the development of small portable spirometers. At least two major studies (LHS8 and NHANES12) have described a second generation of comprehensive on-line assessment of test quality with immediate feedback to the spirometry technician. The use of quality assessment software appears to significantly improve the quality of the spirometry data through feedback to technicians. Spirometry hardware is also advancing as several hand-held devices are being developed to measure not only peak flow but also FEV1, FVC, and other parameters. These battery-powered portable spirometers will continue to decrease in size and cost and may eventually displace the hand-held peak flow meters in current use.
Topics: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Humans; Materials Testing; Quality Control; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Spirometry
PubMed: 8506514
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Mar 2017The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of portable open-circuit spirometry systems, and discuss their validity, reliability, and principles of operation. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of portable open-circuit spirometry systems, and discuss their validity, reliability, and principles of operation.
METHODS
Eleven devices were selected for review: the Oxylog, Aerosport KB1-C, Cosmed K2, Cosmed K4RQ, Cosmed K4b2, MetaMax I, MetaMax II, Metamax3B/VmaxST, Medgraphics VO2000, Oxycon Mobile I and Oxycon Mobile II. The validity (compared to the Douglas bag method [DBM]) and reliability of each device for measuring VO2 was summarized.
RESULTS
Mean differences in resting measurements of VO2 were within ±0.05 L/min for all devices except one (difference of 0.17 L/min). When compared to the DBM, VO2 differences for all devices ranged from 0.01 L/min to 0.29 L/min during submaximal intensity exercise and from 0.01 L/min to 0.36 L/min during vigorous/maximal intensity. During submaximal and maximal intensities, ICC ranged from 0.66-0.99 and CV ranged from 2.0-14.2%. Of these devices, four used breath-by-breath technology and six used micro-proportional sampling technology. Validity and reliability of devices did not seem to differ between methods of gas collection.
CONCLUSIONS
Of the three commercially available devices in 2015, all were found to be reliable. Two of the three systems (Cosmed K4b2 and Oxycon Mobile II) provided valid estimates of VO2 (mean values within ±0.10 L/min of DBM) during rest, and submaximal and maximal intensities, while the MetaMax3B slightly overestimated VO2, particularly at maximal exercise.
Topics: Exercise Test; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Reproducibility of Results; Respiration; Spirometry
PubMed: 26861831
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06049-7 -
Chest Aug 2009Spirometry is a useful test of pulmonary function and can be safely performed in a variety of clinical situations. Although the technique for performing the maneuver is... (Review)
Review
Spirometry is a useful test of pulmonary function and can be safely performed in a variety of clinical situations. Although the technique for performing the maneuver is straightforward, there are many sources of variability in results. Specific criteria must be met in order for the test to be considered valid. For the best results, proper instruction and coaching is essential, and patient understanding and effort must be maximized. Appropriate interpretation of spirometry requires several steps, including recognition and reporting of technically sound maneuvers, comparison to an appropriate reference population, and finally application of a well-developed interpretation scheme utilized in the context of patient symptoms and findings. Failure at any point along this path from performance to interpretation can yield misleading results that may ultimately poorly impact patient care. A clear understanding by the provider of proper coding and billing for spirometry is necessary to receive appropriate reimbursement from payers.
Topics: Female; Humans; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; Lung Diseases; Male; Practice Management; Respiratory Function Tests; Safety; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Spirometry
PubMed: 19666760
DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-2315 -
Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) May 2020
Topics: Humans; Occupational Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Spirometry
PubMed: 32073625
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa030