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Biomedical Journal Apr 2018In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn how biomarkers in saliva may be able to provide insight into the health of the brain and the central nervous system. We...
In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn how biomarkers in saliva may be able to provide insight into the health of the brain and the central nervous system. We also discover how computational modeling can help to identify potential epitopes for vaccine development against Chlamydia, the world's most common sexually transmitted infection.
PubMed: 29866602
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.04.005 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Sep 2004
Topics: Aged; Female; Giant Cell Arteritis; Humans; Necrosis; Tongue; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 15377376
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06161.x -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; China; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva; Viral Load
PubMed: 32492484
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101759 -
Veterinary and Human Toxicology Jun 1990
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Corneal Diseases; Humans; Male; Spider Bites; Spiders
PubMed: 2353438
DOI: No ID Found -
Public Health Sep 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Environment; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva
PubMed: 34284877
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.06.008 -
British Dental Journal Dec 2014
Topics: Humans; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 25476614
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1057 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Sep 2010Venom ophthalmia caused by venoms of spitting elapid and other snakes: report of ten cases with review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology and... (Review)
Review
Venom ophthalmia caused by venoms of spitting elapid and other snakes: report of ten cases with review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Chu, ER, Weinstein, SA, White, J and Warrell, DA. Toxicon XX:xxx-xxx. We present ten cases of ocular injury following instillation into the eye of snake venoms or toxins by spitting elapids and other snakes. The natural history of spitting elapids and the toxinology of their venoms are reviewed together with the medical effects and management of venom ophthalmia in humans and domestic animals including both direct and allergic effects of venoms. Although the clinical features and management of envenoming following bites by spitting elapids (genera Naja and Hemachatus) are well documented, these snakes are also capable of "spraying" venom towards the eyes of predators, a defensive strategy that causes painful and potentially blinding ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia). Little attention has been given to the detailed clinical description, clinical evolution and efficacy of treatment of venom ophthalmia and no clear management guidelines have been formulated. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of ocular envenoming is based largely on animal studies and a limited body of clinical information. A few cases of ocular exposure to venoms from crotaline viperids have also been described. Venom ophthalmia often presents with pain, hyperemia, blepharitis, blepharospasm and corneal erosions. Delay or lack of treatment may result in corneal opacity, hypopyon and/or blindness. When venom is "spat" into the eye, cranial nerve VII may be affected by local spread of venom but systemic envenoming has not been documented in human patients. Management of venom ophthalmia consists of: 1) urgent decontamination by copious irrigation 2) analgesia by vasoconstrictors with weak mydriatic activity (e.g. epinephrine) and limited topical administration of local anesthetics (e.g. tetracaine) 3) exclusion of corneal abrasions by fluorescein staining with a slit lamp examination and application of prophylactic topical antibiotics 4) prevention of posterior synechiae, ciliary spasm and discomfort with topical cycloplegics and 5) antihistamines in case of allergic kerato-conjunctivitis. Topical or intravenous antivenom and topical corticosteroids are contraindicated. Clinical outcome of venom ophthalmia is largely dependent on prompt treatment and appropriate follow-up.
Topics: Animals; Elapid Venoms; Elapidae; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Snake Bites
PubMed: 20331993
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.02.023 -
The Southern Medical Record Jul 1896
PubMed: 36026121
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Nov 2005We present the case of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy (MSBP) in which the mother spat and placed blood in her child's ear, and videoed the result, in order to gain the... (Review)
Review
We present the case of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy (MSBP) in which the mother spat and placed blood in her child's ear, and videoed the result, in order to gain the attentions of the medical profession. This is the first case report of this kind and may represent a disturbing trend in the use of digital photography and video to support factitious illnesses.
Topics: Child Abuse; Diagnosis, Differential; Ear Diseases; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant; Male; Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy; Otitis Media with Effusion; Saliva; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 16354350
DOI: 10.1258/002221505774783502 -
Toxins Jul 2022The Equatorial Spitting Cobra () is a medically important venomous snake species in Southeast Asia. Its wide geographical distribution implies potential intra-specific...
Equatorial Spitting Cobra () from Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan and Penang), Southern Thailand, and Sumatra: Comparative Venom Proteomics, Immunoreactivity and Cross-Neutralization by Antivenom.
The Equatorial Spitting Cobra () is a medically important venomous snake species in Southeast Asia. Its wide geographical distribution implies potential intra-specific venom variation, while there is no species-specific antivenom available to treat its envenoming. Applying a protein-decomplexing proteomic approach, the study showed that three-finger toxins (3FTX), followed by phospholipases A (PLA), were the major proteins well-conserved across venoms of different locales. Variations were noted in the subtypes and relative abundances of venom proteins. Of note, alpha-neurotoxins (belonging to 3FTX) are the least in the Penang specimen (Ns-PG, 5.41% of total venom proteins), compared with geographical specimens from Negeri Sembilan (Ns-NS, 14.84%), southern Thailand (Ns-TH, 16.05%) and Sumatra (Ns-SU, 10.81%). The alpha-neurotoxin abundance, in general, correlates with the venom's lethal potency. The Thai Monovalent Antivenom (NkMAV) was found to be immunoreactive toward the venoms and is capable of cross-neutralizing venom lethality to varying degrees (potency = 0.49-0.92 mg/mL, interpreted as the amount of venom completely neutralized per milliliter of antivenom). The potency was lowest against NS-SU venom, implying variable antigenicity of its lethal alpha-neurotoxins. Together, the findings suggest the para-specific and geographical utility of NkMAV as treatment for envenoming in Southeast Asia.
Topics: Animals; Antivenins; Elapid Venoms; Elapidae; Indonesia; Malaysia; Naja; Naja naja; Neurotoxins; Proteomics; Thailand
PubMed: 36006183
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080522