-
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Feb 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Streptococcus; Bacteremia
PubMed: 36458725
DOI: 10.37201/req/090.2022 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports May 2023Streptococcus cristatus is a member of the Mitis streptococcus group. Like other members of this group, it resides on mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity. However,...
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus cristatus is a member of the Mitis streptococcus group. Like other members of this group, it resides on mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity. However, little is known about its ability to cause disease as there are only a handful of cases in the literature. Two of these cases involved infective endocarditis with significant complications. However, these cases involved additional microbes, limiting the inferences about the pathogenicity of Streptococcus cristatus.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 59-year-old African American male with end-stage cryptogenic cirrhosis and ascites presented with fatigue and confusion. A paracentesis was negative for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, but two separate blood cultures grew Streptococcus cristatus. Our patient had a history of dental caries and poor oral hygiene, which were likely the source of the infection. Echocardiograms revealed new aortic regurgitation, indicating "possible endocarditis" per the Modified Duke Criteria. However, since his clinical picture and cardiac function were reassuring, we elected against treatment for infective endocarditis. He was treated for bacteremia with a 2-week course of cephalosporins consisting of 8 days of ceftriaxone, transitioning to cefpodoxime after discharge. Despite having end-stage liver disease, our patient did not experience any significant complications from the infection.
CONCLUSION
A patient with end-stage cirrhosis and poor oral hygiene developed bacteremia with an oral bacterium called Streptococcus cristatus. Unlike previous cases in literature, our patient did not meet criteria for a definitive diagnosis of infective endocarditis, and he experienced no other complications from the infection. This suggests coinfectants may have been primarily responsible for the severe cardiac sequelae in prior cases, whereas isolated Streptococcus cristatus infection may be relatively mild.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Dental Caries; Streptococcal Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Bacteremia
PubMed: 37194080
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03818-z -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis
PubMed: 36710165
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.08.013 -
Heliyon Sep 2023A 66-year-old male with a history of low back pain was found to have discitis and osteomyelitis. Biopsy and PCR testing revealed infection. This bacteria does not...
A 66-year-old male with a history of low back pain was found to have discitis and osteomyelitis. Biopsy and PCR testing revealed infection. This bacteria does not typically cause disease, and only a few cases in the literature have reported it to cause infection in the bones or joints. This case illustrates that vertebral osteomyelitis with a rare causative agent, , is possible and can be identified with PCR. Treatment typically requires long-term antibiotics tailored to the causative agent for a minimum of 6 weeks and can sometimes include surgical management.
PubMed: 37809561
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19616 -
IDCases 2024Common organisms associated with community-acquired pneumonia include , , and . Pneumonia can rarely be caused by an organism such as , as in our case. This organism...
Common organisms associated with community-acquired pneumonia include , , and . Pneumonia can rarely be caused by an organism such as , as in our case. This organism belongs to the Mitis group within the and typically coexists with humans in the oral cavity. We present a case of bacteremia and community acquired pneumonia in a previously healthy 40-year-old male, for whom infective endocarditis has been ruled out, and who was successfully treated with ceftriaxone. While most reported cases of involve infective endocarditis, our case is the first identified instance of community acquired pneumonia caused by . This case highlights that pneumonia with , typically considered a commensal in the oral mucosa microbiota of humans, is possible, as seen in our case. Unlike previous cases in the literature, our patient did not have infective endocarditis, which is the common presentation of this bacterium. Instead, he solely presented with pneumonia, marking the first reported case in the literature of causing pneumonia.
PubMed: 38854926
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02004 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2024Periodontitis has recently been defined as a dysbiotic disease caused by an imbalanced oral microbiota. The transition from commensal microbial communities to...
Periodontitis has recently been defined as a dysbiotic disease caused by an imbalanced oral microbiota. The transition from commensal microbial communities to periodontitis-associated ones requires colonization by specific pathogens, including . We previously reported an antagonistic relationship between and . To determine the role of in altering the interactions of with other oral bacteria in a complex context, we collected dental plaque samples from patients with periodontitis and assigned them to two groups based on the ratios of and . We then characterized the microbial profiles of the dental plaque samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared the oral microbial composition and functional capabilities of the group with high ratios with the low ratio group. Taxonomic annotation revealed significant differences in the microbial composition at both the genus and species levels between the low and high ratio groups. Notably, a higher microbial diversity was observed in the samples with low ratios. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance gene profiles of the two groups were also distinct, with a significantly increased abundance of the genes in the dental plaque samples with low ratios. It, therefore, indicates that the ratios influenced the virulence potential of the oral microbiome. Our work shows that enhancing the ratio in oral microbial communities can be an attractive approach for revising the dysbiotic oral microbiome.IMPORTANCEPeriodontitis, one of the most common chronic diseases, is linked to several systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although is a keystone pathogen that causes periodontitis, its levels, interactions with accessory bacteria and pathobionts in the oral microbiome, and its association with the pathogenic potential of the microbial communities are still not well understood. In this study, we revealed the role of and the ratios of and in modulating the oral microbiome to facilitate a deeper understanding of periodontitis and its progression. The study has important clinical implications as it laid a foundation for developing novel non-antibiotic therapies against and improving the efficiency of periodontal treatments.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Dental Plaque; Periodontitis; Microbiota; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38230927
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03482-23 -
Research Square Aug 2023Periodontitis has been recently defined as a dysbiotic disease resulting from imbalanced oral microbiota. The transition of microbial communities from commensal to...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis has been recently defined as a dysbiotic disease resulting from imbalanced oral microbiota. The transition of microbial communities from commensal to periodontitis-associated ones likely requires colonization by specific pathogens, including . We previously reported an antagonistic relationship between and and the role of in inhibition of the biofilm formation, invasion, and gingipain enzymatic activity of . Given the importance of as a keystone pathogen of polymicrobial communities, the determinants of levels, its interaction with the core microbiota, and association with the pathogenic potential of the microbial communities need to be addressed.
RESULTS
This present study intends to determine the role of in altering interactions of with other oral bacteria in a complex context. We collected dental plaque samples from periodontitis patients and assigned them into two groups based on their ratios of and . We then characterized microbial profiles of the dental plaque samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and subsequently compared oral microbial composition and functional capabilities between groups with high or low ratios. Taxonomic annotation showed significant differences in microbial compositions at both genus and species levels between the two groups. Notably, a higher microbial composition diversity was observed in the samples with low ratios. The antibiotic resistance gene profiles of the two groups are also distinct, with significantly increased diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the dental plaque samples with low ratios, which likely lead to elevated virulence potential.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our work highlights the importance of ratios in influencing the virulence of the oral microbiome. Approaches to enhance ratios in oral microbial communities will be attractive for revising the dysbiotic oral microbiome.
PubMed: 37674718
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3266326/v1 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Aug 2008Oral epithelial cells may be invaded by a polymicrobial intracellular flora, including pathogens together with commensals. Various oral pathogens can induce the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Oral epithelial cells may be invaded by a polymicrobial intracellular flora, including pathogens together with commensals. Various oral pathogens can induce the production of interleukin-8, a potent neutrophil chemotractant, in oral epithelial cells. Evidence from the gut suggests that commensal species may modulate inflammatory responses to pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine the interleukin-8 responses of oral epithelial cells to an oral pro-inflammatory species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in combination with an oral commensal, Streptococcus cristatus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
KB, TERT-2, TR146 and SCC15 cells were cocultured with F. nucleatum and S. cristatus, either alone or in combination, at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 under various conditions. The mRNA expression of interleukin-8 was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
F. nucleatum alone evoked a potent interleukin-8 response, whereas S. cristatus alone did not induce significant interleukin-8 expression in oral epithelial cells. When present together, S. cristatus attenuated the F. nucleatum-induced interleukin-8 production in the four oral epithelial cell lines to varying degrees. The inhibitory effect of S. cristatus was independent of its viability and its co-aggregation with F. nucleatum, was not related to soluble bacterial products and appeared to require bacterial contact with epithelial cells. Similar effects were seen with several other species of oral streptococci.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that S. cristatus may exert immunomodulatory effects on the interleukin-8 response of oral epithelial cells to F. nucleatum challenge.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Canavanine; Cell Line; Coculture Techniques; Eikenella corrodens; Epithelial Cells; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Interleukin-8; KB Cells; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Streptococcus; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus intermedius; Streptococcus mitis; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus sobrinus
PubMed: 18942189
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01057.x -
Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and... 2020Septic Arthritis of the wrist is rare in the paediatric population due to its extraarticular metaphysis. We report here a case of wrist septic arthritis in a neonate...
Septic Arthritis of the wrist is rare in the paediatric population due to its extraarticular metaphysis. We report here a case of wrist septic arthritis in a neonate caused by an uncommon causative organism, A 15 days old male child was referred with the complaint of swelling and decreased movement of the left wrist for 5 days. Local examination revealed warm, tender, erythematous and fluctuant swelling over the dorso-ulnar aspect of the left wrist. Ultrasonography of the affected region was suggestive of focal fluid collection in the wrist and periosteal elevation of the distal ulna. Aspiration followed by arthrotomy of the wrist joint was performed and multiple holes were made in the distal ulnar metaphysis using 0.8mm k-wire. The pus culture was positive for sensitive to vancomycin, which was given for a total of 4 weeks. At one year follow up the child had a full, painless range of motion with no functional deficit. Final follow up x rays of the left wrist were normal. strains are described as Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci, approximately 1 μm in diameter growing in chains and were originally isolated from the human throat and oral cavities. Its association with bone and joint infections has not been described in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case of isolated septic arthritis of wrist in a 15 days old child caused by To conclude, wrist septic arthritis in a neonate is a rare entity. With the advanced diagnostics, species-level identification of rare organism like is possible along with antibiotic sensitivity for appropriate therapy. Early surgical decompression and intravenous culture-directed antibiotics are the mainstays of management.
PubMed: 32099306
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.02.002 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2012Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as one of the major pathogens in chronic periodontitis, an infectious disease affecting the majority of the adult...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as one of the major pathogens in chronic periodontitis, an infectious disease affecting the majority of the adult population. We have previously demonstrated that a surface protein, arginine deiminase (ArcA), of Streptococcus cristatus represses production of P. gingivalis long fimbriae and interrupts the formation of P. gingivalis biofilms in vitro. Our in vivo studies have also shown that the distribution of P. gingivalis and S. cristatus in human subgingival plaque is negatively correlated. The objective of this study was to determine if S. cristatus ArcA inhibits P. gingivalis colonization and attenuates its subsequent pathogenesis in alveolar bone loss in the murine oral cavity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A wild-type strain of S. cristatus (CC5A) and its arcA knockout mutant (ArcAE) were used as initial colonizers in the oral cavity of BALB/cByJ mice. Colonization of P. gingivalis on the existing S. cristatus biofilms was assessed by quantitative PCR, and P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss was measured 6 wk after P. gingivalis infection.
RESULTS
The presence of S. cristatus CC5A, but not its arcA mutant, attenuated P. gingivalis colonization in the murine oral cavity. In addition, P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in mice initially infected with S. cristatus CC5A than in those infected with the arcA mutant.
CONCLUSION
This study provides direct evidence that S. cristatus ArcA has an inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis colonization, which may in turn attenuate the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Antibiosis; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Load; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Knockout Techniques; Gingiva; Hydrolases; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mouth; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Streptococcus; Time Factors; Tooth
PubMed: 22448761
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01469.x