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Acta Clinica Belgica 2006Viridans streptococci are known as an important cause of endocarditis, but at present no cases of endocarditis caused by Streptococcus cristatus have been published,...
Viridans streptococci are known as an important cause of endocarditis, but at present no cases of endocarditis caused by Streptococcus cristatus have been published, probably because phenotypic identification of viridans streptococci is tedious. Using tDNA-PCR, it is possible to identify to species level and to differentiate between species of the viridans group.
Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Heart Valves; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Streptococcus mitis; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 17091918
DOI: 10.1179/acb.2006.034 -
Diversity in Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci and Streptococcus mutans.Caries Research 2018Arginine metabolism via the arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria generates ammonia, which can increase the pH of oral biofilms and decrease the risk for...
Arginine metabolism via the arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria generates ammonia, which can increase the pH of oral biofilms and decrease the risk for dental caries. Antagonistic interactions between ADS-positive and cariogenic bacteria in oral biofilms may be an important ecological determinant of caries. This study investigated the antagonistic potential and mechanisms of clinical isolates of arginolytic streptococci on and by Streptococcus mutans UA159, a well-characterized cariogenic human isolate. Low-passage isolates of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus australis, and Streptococcus cristatus inhibited the growth of S. mutans to various degrees when they were inoculated on growth media first or simultaneously with S. mutans. The antagonistic effects of arginolytic strains against S. mutans and the production of H2O2 by these strains were enhanced during growth in a less-rich medium or when galactose was substituted for glucose as the primary carbohydrate source. Pyruvate oxidase was the dominant pathway for H2O2 production by arginolytic strains, but lactate oxidase activity was also detected in some strains of S. gordonii and S. cristatus. UA159 inhibited the growth of all tested arginolytic strains when inoculated first, especially in aerobic conditions. However, the antagonistic effects of S. mutans on certain strains of S. gordonii and S. australis were not observed during anaerobic growth in the presence of arginine. Thus, arginolytic commensal streptococci may have a synergistically positive impact on the ecology of oral biofilms by moderating biofilm pH while antagonizing the growth and virulence of caries pathogens.
Topics: Arginine; Biofilms; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Symbiosis
PubMed: 29258070
DOI: 10.1159/000479091 -
Oral Diseases May 2019Recent advances in the field of molecular microbiology provide an unprecedented opportunity to decipher the vast diversity of the oral microbiome in health and disease.... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in the field of molecular microbiology provide an unprecedented opportunity to decipher the vast diversity of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Here, we provide a contemporary overview of the oral microbiome and the microbiota of early childhood caries (ECC) with particular reference to newer analytical techniques. A MEDLINE search revealed a total of 20 metagenomic studies describing cariogenic microbiomes of ECC, 10 of which also detailed the healthy microbiomes. In addition, seven studies on site-specific microbiomes, focusing on acidogenic and aciduric microbiota of deep-dentinal lesions, were also reviewed. These studies evaluated plaque and saliva of children aged 1.5-11 years, in cohorts of 12-485 individuals. These studies reveal a very rich and diverse microbial communities, with hundreds of different phylotypes and microbial species, including novel species and phyla such as Scardovia wiggsiae, Slackia exigua, Granulicatella elegans, Firmicutes in the plaque biofilms of children with ECC. On the contrary, bacteria such as Streptococcus cristatus, S. gordonii, S. sanguinis, Corynebacterium matruchotii, and Neisseria flavescens were common in plaque biofilm of noncarious, healthy, tooth surfaces in subjects with caries. The review illustrates the immense complexity and the diversity of the human oral microbiota of the cariogenic plaque microbiome in ECC, and the daunting prospect of its demystification.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Humans; Infant; Microbiota; Saliva; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tooth; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 29969843
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12932 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2010The ability to attach to a variety of oral surfaces is an important characteristic of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Previous studies have demonstrated that expression and...
The ability to attach to a variety of oral surfaces is an important characteristic of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Previous studies have demonstrated that expression and production of FimA, a major subunit protein of the long fimbriae, is required for P. gingivalis colonization. Here we report that a surface protein, arginine deiminase (ArcA) of Streptococcus cristatus, represses FimA production and inhibits biofilm formation of P. gingivalis. This inhibitory function of ArcA is also observed in the formation of heterotypic P. gingivalis-Streptococcus gordonii biofilms. P. gingivalis is released from streptococcal substrates in the presence of ArcA, likely due to an inhibition of FimA production. This work suggests that ArcA may have the potential to be a specific antibiofilm agent to fight P. gingivalis infections.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Blotting, Western; Fimbriae Proteins; Hydrolases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus
PubMed: 20660674
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00284-10 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology May 2019-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) enhance the competitiveness of the laboratory strain DL1 of against the caries pathogen Here, we examine how amino...
-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) enhance the competitiveness of the laboratory strain DL1 of against the caries pathogen Here, we examine how amino sugars affect the interaction of five low-passage-number clinical isolates of abundant commensal streptococci with by utilizing a dual-species biofilm model. Compared to that for glucose, growth on GlcN or GlcNAc significantly reduced the viability of in cocultures with most commensals, shifting the proportions of species. Consistent with these results, production of HO was increased in most commensals when growing on amino sugars, and inhibition of by , , or was enhanced by amino sugars on agar plates. All commensals except had higher arginine deiminase activities when grown on GlcN and, in some cases, GlcNAc. In biofilms formed using pooled cell-containing saliva (CCS), the proportions of were drastically diminished when GlcNAc was the primary carbohydrate. Increased production of HO could account in large part for the inhibitory effects of CCS biofilms. Surprisingly, amino sugars appeared to improve mutacin production by on agar plates, suggesting that the commensals have mechanisms to actively subvert antagonism by in cocultures. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that amino sugars can enhance the beneficial properties of low-passage-number commensal oral streptococci and highlight their potential for moderating the cariogenicity of oral biofilms. Dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of oral biofilms in which dominance by acid-producing and acid-tolerant bacteria results in loss of tooth mineral. Our previous work demonstrated the beneficial effects of amino sugars GlcNAc and GlcN in promoting the antagonistic properties of a health-associated oral bacterium, , in competition with the major caries pathogen Here, we investigated 5 low-passage-number clinical isolates of the most common streptococcal species to establish how amino sugars may influence the ecology and virulence of oral biofilms. Using multiple models, including a human saliva-derived microcosm biofilm, experiments showed significant enhancement by at least one amino sugar in the ability of most of these bacteria to suppress the caries pathogen. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the mechanism of action by which amino sugars may affect human oral biofilms to promote health.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Saliva; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus mutans; Symbiosis
PubMed: 30877119
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00370-19 -
Carbohydrate Research Aug 2011The presence of a novel coaggregation receptor polysaccharide (RPS) on the dental plaque isolate Streptococcus cristatus LS4 was suggested by this strain's antigenic and...
The presence of a novel coaggregation receptor polysaccharide (RPS) on the dental plaque isolate Streptococcus cristatus LS4 was suggested by this strain's antigenic and coaggregation properties. Examination of RPS isolated from strain LS4 by a combination of 2-dimensional and pseudo 3-dimensional single quantum heteronuclear NMR methods that included detection of (13)C chemical shifts at high resolution revealed the following repeat unit structure: →6)-β-d-Galf-(1→6)-β-d-GalpNAc-(1→3)-α-d-Galp-(1→P→6)-α-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. The identification of this polysaccharide as RPS3Gn, a new structural type, was established by the α-d-Galp-containing epitope of RPS serotype 3 and Gn recognition motif (i.e., β-d-GalpNAc (1→3)-α-d-Galp) for coaggregation with other bacteria.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Polysaccharides; Streptococcus
PubMed: 21601178
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.035 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Jun 2005The surface of the oral plaque bacterium Streptococcus cristatus is decorated with a lateral tuft of fibrils. The fibrillar tuft functions in the adhesion of S....
The surface of the oral plaque bacterium Streptococcus cristatus is decorated with a lateral tuft of fibrils. The fibrillar tuft functions in the adhesion of S. cristatus to heterologous bacterial species in the plaque biofilm. The tuft typically consists of a densely packed fringe of shorter fibrils 238 +/- 19 nm long with longer, less abundant fibrils 403 +/- 66 nm long projecting through the fringe of short fibrils. The two types of fibrils in the tufts of S. cristatus have been refractory to biochemical separation, complicating their characterization. A hexadecane partition assay was used to enrich for subpopulations of S. cristatus CR311 (type strain NCTC 12479) having distinct fibrillar morphotypes. Negative staining in the TEM revealed that cells of a hydrophobic subpopulation of S. cristatus (CR311var1) carried only the long fibrils (395 +/- 32 nm). A hydrophilic subpopulation of S. cristatus (CR311var3) consisted of mixed morphotypes having no fibrils or remnant short fibrils (223 +/- 49 nm). No long fibrils were observed on any cells in the CR311var3 subpopulation. The CR311var3 morphotype, unlike the wild-type strain and CR311var1, was not able to form corncobs with either Corynebacterium matruchotii or Fusobacterium nucleatum. Variant CR311var3 did not express the novel gene srpA, which encodes a high molecular weight (321,882 Da) serine-rich protein, SrpA. The SrpA protein contains two extensive repeat motifs of 17 and 71 amino acids and a gram-positive cell wall anchor consensus sequence (LPNTG). The unusual properties of SrpA most closely resemble those of Fap1, the fimbrial-associated adhesin protein of Streptococcus parasanguis. The association of long fibrils, high surface hydrophobicity, ability to form corncob formations, and expression of the srpA gene suggest that SrpA is a long fibril protein in S. cristatus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Chromosome Mapping; Dental Plaque; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Serine; Species Specificity; Streptococcus
PubMed: 15836513
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2004.00190.x -
ACS Chemical Biology Dec 2021is an early colonizer of the oral microbiome with documented bactericidal activity against the oral pathogen . has been observed to possess the typical competence...
is an early colonizer of the oral microbiome with documented bactericidal activity against the oral pathogen . has been observed to possess the typical competence regulon found within most oral streptococci; however, the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) responsible for QS activation and the regulatory role of the competence regulon is yet to be explored. Herein, we have both confirmed the identity of the CSP and utilized a wide range of phenotypic assays to characterize its regulatory role in competence, biofilm formation, and hydrogen peroxide formation. To determine the importance of each amino acid residue in CSP/ComD binding, we performed systematic replacement of amino acid residues within the CSP and developed a luciferase-based reporter system to assess the ability of these mutated analogues to modulate the competence regulon. Additionally, we performed CD analysis on mutated CSP analogues to determine the correlation between the peptide secondary structure and QS activation. To further explore ' potential as a biotherapeutic against infection, lead QS activators and inhibitors were used in interspecies competition assays to assess the effect of QS modulation on interactions between these two species. Lastly, we have documented a lack of -induced cytotoxicity, highlighting the potential of this native flora as a biotherapeutic with minimal health risks.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peptides; Protein Binding; Regulon; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34860484
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00746 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Smoking accelerates periodontal disease and alters the subgingival microbiome. However, the relationship between smoking-associated subgingival dysbiosis and progression...
Smoking accelerates periodontal disease and alters the subgingival microbiome. However, the relationship between smoking-associated subgingival dysbiosis and progression of periodontal disease is not well understood. Here, we sampled 233 subgingival sites longitudinally from 8 smokers and 9 non-smokers over 6-12 months, analyzing 804 subgingival plaque samples using 16 rRNA sequencing. At equal probing depths, the microbial richness and diversity of the subgingival microbiome was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers, but these differences decreased as probing depths increased. The overall subgingival microbiome of smokers differed significantly from non-smokers at equal probing depths, which was characterized by colonization of novel minority microbes and a shift in abundant members of the microbiome to resemble periodontally diseased communities enriched with pathogenic bacteria. Temporal analysis showed that microbiome in shallow sites were less stable than deeper sites, but temporal stability of the microbiome was not significantly affected by smoking status or scaling and root planing. We identified 7 taxa-Olsenella sp., Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Prevotella sp., Alloprevotella sp., and a Bacteroidales sp. that were significantly associated with progression of periodontal disease. Taken together, these results suggest that subgingival dysbiosis in smokers precedes clinical signs of periodontal disease, and support the hypothesis that smoking accelerates subgingival dysbiosis to facilitate periodontal disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking; Smokers; Periodontal Diseases; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 36882425
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30203-z -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental...
Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental plaque samples from 191 periodontitis patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. We also obtained the periodontal parameters of these patients retrospectively using axiUm and performed statistical analysis using SAS 9.4. We found that in this patient cohort, neighborhood median incomes were significantly higher among Caucasians Americans (CAs) than among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs). Levels of total bacteria and , a keystone periodontal pathogen, were not evenly distributed among the three groups. We confirmed our previous findings that reduces virulence potential and likely serves as a beneficial bacterium. We also showed the ratio of to to be significantly higher in CAs than in HAs and AAs. Our results suggest that higher levels of and lower ratios of to may contribute to periodontal health disparities.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Virulence
PubMed: 34869082
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.789919