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MicrobiologyOpen Jan 2021To survive within complex environmental niches, including the human host, bacteria have evolved intricate interspecies communities driven by competition for limited...
To survive within complex environmental niches, including the human host, bacteria have evolved intricate interspecies communities driven by competition for limited nutrients, cooperation via complementary metabolic proficiencies, and establishment of homeostatic relationships with the host immune system. The study of such complex, interdependent relationships is often hampered by the challenges of culturing many bacterial strains in research settings and the limited set of tools available for studying the dynamic behavior of multiple bacterial species at the microscale. Here, we utilize a microfluidic-based co-culture system and time-lapse imaging to characterize dynamic interactions between Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Actinomyces species. Co-culture of Streptococcus cristatus or S. salivarius in nanoliter compartments with Actinomyces graevenitzii revealed localized exclusion of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus from media immediately surrounding A. graevenitzii microcolonies. This community structure did not occur with S. mitis or S. oralis strains or in co-cultures containing other Actinomycetaceae species such as S. odontolyticus or A. naeslundii. Moreover, fewer neutrophils were attracted to compartments containing both A. graevenitzii and Staphylococcus aureus than to an equal number of either species alone, suggesting a possible survival benefit together during immune responses.
Topics: Actinomyces; Antibiosis; Biofilms; Coculture Techniques; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Microbiota; Microfluidics; Mouth; Neutrophils; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33544453
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1137 -
Microorganisms Sep 2019Adolescence is closely associated with a high risk of caries. The identification of specific bacteria in an oral microniche, the interdental space of the molars,...
Adolescence is closely associated with a high risk of caries. The identification of specific bacteria in an oral microniche, the interdental space of the molars, according to carious risk can facilitate the prediction of future caries and the anticipation of the progression or stabilization of caries in adolescents. A cross-sectional clinical study according to the bacteriological criteria of interdental healthy adolescents and carious risk factors-low and high-using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was conducted. The presence of 26 oral pathogens from the interdental microbiota of 50 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Bacteria known to be cariogenic (, spp., , , , , , and ) did not present differences in abundance according to carious risk. Periodontal bacteria from the red complex are positively correlated with carious risk. However, only 3 bacteria-, and -presented a significant increase in the highest group. Estimating the risk of caries associated with bacterial factors in interdental sites of molars in adolescents contributes to the better definition of carious risk status, periodicity and intensity of diagnostic, prevention and restorative services.
PubMed: 31491909
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090319 -
Infection and Immunity Feb 2004Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important component of the complex plaque biofilm that is a direct precursor of periodontal disease. The major fimbriae are required for...
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important component of the complex plaque biofilm that is a direct precursor of periodontal disease. The major fimbriae are required for attachment to oral surfaces and are an important virulence factor. Fimbrillin (FimA) expression in P. gingivalis is inhibited by surface molecule of Streptococcus cristatus, an early colonizer of dental plaque. In this study, differential display PCR was used to identify P. gingivalis genes that are regulated in response to S. cristatus. Of several differentially expressed genes, pg2131 and pg2167 were upregulated by S. cristatus signaling molecules. A null mutant of pg2167 did not transcriptionally regulate fimA following exposure to S. cristatus. In fact, fimA transcription was enhanced in the pg2167 mutant, suggesting that pg2167 may act to repress fimA expression. In contrast, a mutation in pg2131 did not affect transcription of fimA in the presence of S. cristatus. However, production of fimbrillin was significantly diminished in the pg2131 mutant, implicating involvement in posttranscriptional regulation in fimbriation. These data suggest that P. gingivalis fimbriation is controlled by more than one regulation mechanism, involving both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Fimbriae Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 14742505
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.2.651-658.2004 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2021The characteristics of pathogenic microbes are useful for understanding the microbe-driven tumorigenesis. There is a lack of studies on the lung microecology for lung...
PURPOSE
The characteristics of pathogenic microbes are useful for understanding the microbe-driven tumorigenesis. There is a lack of studies on the lung microecology for lung cancer (LC) patients without any respiratory infection. In this work, we aimed to describe the profiles of pathogenic microbes in lung microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using pathogen targeted sequencing and 16S rDNA sequencing.
METHODS
A total of 22 NSCLC patients (13 adenocarcinomas and 9 squamous cell carcinomas) without any pulmonary infection were enrolled. Among them, we collected 15 pieces of tumor tissues, 5 pieces of peritumoral tissues, 6 blood serum samples, and 5 broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Pathogen targeted sequencingand16S rDNA sequencing was performed for microbial classification.
RESULTS
The pathogen targeted sequencing results showed that 33, 14, 11, and 27 pathogenic microorganisms were detected in tumor tissues, peritumoral tissues, blood samples, and BALF, respectively. No common microorganisms were shared by four sample types. However, some common elements were shared by three sets: Streptococcus cristatus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheria, Acinetobacter jungii, Haemophilus haemolyticus and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing of two BALF samples, there were 104 OTUs found in one BALF sample and 127 OTUs in the other BALF sample; among them, there were 82 common ones, such as OTU1, OTU10, OTU101, OTU105, OTU106, and so on. Based on the above microbial classification and abundance, there might be enriched function in COG terms like COG1132, COG0438 and COG0745, and KEGG terms like K06147, K02029, and K09687.
CONCLUSION
This study emphasizes the role of the microbiome in LC patients without respiratory infection. These potential biomarkers of LC based on the taxonomic composition of pathogenic microorganisms might have clinical application.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34761593
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaerobe Feb 2019Dental biofilms are complex ecosystems containing many bacterial species that live in mutualistic relationships. These interactions can profoundly affect the virulence...
Dental biofilms are complex ecosystems containing many bacterial species that live in mutualistic relationships. These interactions can profoundly affect the virulence properties of the community. In this study we investigated how the production of gingipains, virulence factors from Porphyromonas gingivalis important in periodontal disease, was affected by other commonly found members of the sub-gingival microbiome. To mimic the subgingival microbiome, multispecies consortia (P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus cristatus, with or without Parvimonas micra) as well as dual species consortia (P. gingivalis with P. micra, S. oralis or F. nucleatum) were constructed and maintained anaerobically in 10% serum for up to seven days. The number of P. gingivalis was determined by plating on Brucella agar and the gingipain specific fluorogenic substrate BikKam-10 was used to investigate gingipain activity. The effect of secreted products from P. micra on gingipain activity was investigated by adding supernatants from P. micra to P. gingivalis cultures. The most prominent secreted proteins in the supernatant were identified using mass spectrometry. P. gingivalis was unable to grow in serum, either alone or in the presence of S. oralis or F. nucleatum. In contrast, with P. micra growth was significantly enhanced and this was associated with an increase in gingipain activity. In the multi-species consortia, the presence of P. micra caused a 13-fold increase in gingipain activity. Exposure of P. gingivalis to supernatants from P. micra for 24 h caused a 3-fold increase in gingipain activity. This effect was reduced by 43% after heat-treatment of the supernatant. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that several of the most prominent proteins in the P. micra supernatant were glycolytic enzymes. The results from this study suggests that gingipains are produced in response to a P. micra derived signalling molecule that is most likely a protein. This is the first time it has been shown that P. micra can affect P. gingivalis virulence properties. This is likely to be of significance for the development of be of periodontitis since these two microorganisms are often found together in the subgingival biofilm.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Load; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Firmicutes; Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; Humans; Microbial Consortia; Microbial Interactions; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Serum; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30359695
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.007 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Apr 2015Streptococcus spp. are important causes of infective endocarditis but challenging in species identification. This study compared identification based on sequence... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Streptococcus spp. are important causes of infective endocarditis but challenging in species identification. This study compared identification based on sequence determination of the rnpB gene with 2 systems of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI Biotyper (Bruker) and VITEK MS IVD (bioMérieux). Blood culture isolates of viridans streptococci from 63 patients with infective endocarditis were tested. The 3 methods showed full agreement for all 36 isolates identified in the Anginosus, Bovis, and Mutans groups or identified as Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, or Streptococcus sanguinis. None of the methods could reliably identify the 23 isolates to the species level when designated as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, or Streptococcus tigurinus. In 7 isolates classified to the Mitis group, the rnpB sequences deviated strikingly from all reference sequences, and additional analysis of sodA and groEL genes indicated the occurrence of yet unidentified Streptococcus spp.
Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Streptococcal Infections; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 25616316
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.12.007 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Jun 2024Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of the gastric microbiome in the development of gastric cancer. We aimed to investigate the changes in the...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of the gastric microbiome in the development of gastric cancer. We aimed to investigate the changes in the microbiome during gastric carcinogenesis in structural and functional aspects, with a specific focus on the association between oral and gastric microbiomes.
METHODS
We collected saliva, gastric juice, and gastric tissue samples from 141 patients at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis and processed them for microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene profiling. The alpha and beta diversities were analyzed, and the differences in microbiome composition and function profiles were analyzed among the groups, as well as the correlation between changes in the oral and gastric microbiomes during carcinogenesis.
RESULTS
We observed significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between the disease and control groups, primarily in the gastric juice. Specific bacterial strains, including Schaalia odontolytica, Streptococcus cristatus, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis, showed a significant increase in abundance in the gastric juice in the low-grade dysplasia and gastric cancer groups. Notably, the correlation between the oral and gastric microbiota compositions, increased as the disease progressed. Predictive analysis of the metagenomic functional profiles revealed changes in functional pathways that may be associated with carcinogenesis (ABC transport and two-component systems).
CONCLUSIONS
During gastric carcinogenesis, the abundance of oral commensals associated with cancer increased in the stomach. The similarity in microbial composition between the stomach and oral cavity also increased, implying a potential role of oral-gastric bacterial interactions in gastric cancer development.
PubMed: 38910513
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.490 -
International Journal of Systematic... Oct 1999The utility of PCR analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism (tDNA-ILP) for the identification to the species level of clinically relevant viridans...
The utility of PCR analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism (tDNA-ILP) for the identification to the species level of clinically relevant viridans streptococci was evaluated with a collection of reference strains of 15 species of the salivarius, anginosus, mitis and mutans rRNA homology groups. PCR products generated by using fluorescent, outwardly directed, consensus tDNA primers were analysed by electrophoresis on denaturating polyacrylamide gels and by laser fluorescence scanning. Eleven species showed specific and distinct tDNA patterns: Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus criceti and Streptococcus ratti. Indistinguishable patterns were obtained among two groups of species: Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus salivarius on the one hand and Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius on the other. S. mitis strains produced heterogeneous patterns that could be separated into three groups: a group containing S. mitis biovar 1 and two S. mitis biovar 2 groups, one of which clustered with S. parasanguinis strains while the other showed patterns unrelated to other species. These results agree in part with protein electrophoretic analysis showing that S. mitis biovar 2 strains belong to several streptococcal taxa. In conclusion, PCR analysis of tDNA-ILP holds promise for rapid identification of viridans streptococci that are difficult to identify by phenotypic tests.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; RNA, Transfer; Reproducibility of Results; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 10555340
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-4-1591 -
The ISME Journal Sep 2018Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput...
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with "early colonizers", including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Delivery, Obstetric; Dental Caries; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Microbiota; Mouth; Saliva; Streptococcus
PubMed: 29899505
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0204-z -
BMC Nephrology Jan 2020Diagnosis and treatment of either ANCA disease or silent infection-related glomerulonephritis is complicated and is a huge treatment challenge when overlapping clinical... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic and treatment challenge of unrecognized subacute bacterial endocarditis associated with ANCA-PR3 positive immunocomplex glomerulonephritis: a case report and literature review.
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis and treatment of either ANCA disease or silent infection-related glomerulonephritis is complicated and is a huge treatment challenge when overlapping clinical manifestations occur. We report a case of ANCA-PR3 glomerulonephritis, nervous system involvement, hepatosplenomegaly and clinically silent subacute infectious endocarditis.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 57-year-old man with known mitral valve prolaps was admitted for unexplained renal failure with signs of nephritic syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, sudden unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, malaise, new onset hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Immunoserology revealed positive c-anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)/anti-proteinase 3 (anti-PR3), mixed type crioglobulinemia and lowered complement fraction C3. Head MRI showed many microscopic hemorrhages. Common site of infection, as well as solid malignoma were ruled out. In accordance with clinical and laboratory findings, systemic vasculitis was assumed, although the etiology remained uncertain (ANCA-associated, cryoglobulinemic or related to unrecognized infection). After kidney biopsy, clinical signs of sepsis appeared. Blood cultures revealed Streptococcus cristatus. Echocardiography showed mitral valve endocarditis. Kidney biopsy revealed proliferative, necrotizing immunocomplex glomerulonephritis. Half a year later, following intravenous immunoglobulins, glucocorticoids, antibiotic therapy and surgical valve repair, the creatinine level decreased and c-ANCA and cryoglobulins disappeared. A second kidney biopsy revealed no residual kidney disease. Four years after treatment, the patient is stable with no symptoms or signs of vasculitis recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
Here we describe the diagnostic and treatment challenge in a patient with unrecognized subacute bacterial endocarditis associated with ANCA-PR3 immunocomplex proliferative and crescentic glomerulonephritis. In patients with ANCA-PR3 immunocomplex glomerulonephritis and other overlapping manifestations suggesting systemic disease, it is important to recognize and aggressively treat any possible coexisting bacterial endocarditis, This is the most important step for a favorable patient outcome, including complete clinical and pathohistological resolution of the glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Asymptomatic Diseases; Cryoglobulinemia; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Factors; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Myeloblastin
PubMed: 32005179
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-1694-2