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Trends in Microbiology Jul 2017Streptomyces bacteria are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, and have a well studied, complex life cycle. Recent work has revealed a new type of Streptomyces... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces bacteria are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, and have a well studied, complex life cycle. Recent work has revealed a new type of Streptomyces growth termed 'exploration' - so named for the ability of explorer cells to rapidly traverse solid surfaces. Streptomyces exploration is stimulated by fungal interactions, and is associated with the production of an alkaline volatile organic compound (VOC) capable of inducing exploration by other streptomycetes. Here, we examine Streptomyces exploration from the perspectives of interkingdom interactions, pH-induced morphological switches, and VOC-mediated communication. The phenotypic diversity that can be revealed through microbial interactions and VOC exposure is providing us with insight into novel modes of microbial development, and an opportunity to exploit VOCs to stimulate desired microbial behaviours.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bacterial Proteins; Fungi; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Interactions; Streptomyces; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 28245952
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.02.001 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2018Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii strains C34, C38, C58 and C79 were isolated from a soil sample collected from the Chaxa Lagoon, located in the Salar de Atacama in northern... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii strains C34, C38, C58 and C79 were isolated from a soil sample collected from the Chaxa Lagoon, located in the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile. These streptomycetes produce a variety of new specialised metabolites with antibiotic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, genome mining performed on two of these strains has revealed the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to produce new specialised metabolites. This review focusses on this new clade of Streptomyces strains, summarises the literature and presents new information on strain C34.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chile; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Structure; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Soil Microbiology; Streptomyces
PubMed: 29397490
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1034-8 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2024have a uniquely complex developmental life cycle that involves the coordination of morphological differentiation with the production of numerous bioactive specialized... (Review)
Review
have a uniquely complex developmental life cycle that involves the coordination of morphological differentiation with the production of numerous bioactive specialized metabolites. The majority of spp. are soil-dwelling saprophytes, while plant pathogenicity is a rare attribute among members of this genus Phytopathogenic are responsible for economically important diseases such as common scab, which affects potato and other root crops. Following the acquisition of genes encoding virulence factors, pathogens are expected to have specifically adapted their regulatory pathways to enable transition from a primarily saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle. Investigations of the regulation of pathogenesis have primarily focused on and the principal pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin A. The coordination of growth and thaxtomin A production in this species is controlled in a hierarchical manner by cluster-situated regulators, pleiotropic regulators, signalling and plant-derived molecules, and nutrients. Although the majority of phytopathogenic produce thaxtomins, many also produce additional virulence factors, and there are scab-causing pathogens that do not produce thaxtomins. The development of effective control strategies for common scab and other plant diseases requires a more in-depth understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that modulate the plant pathogenic lifestyle of these organisms.
Topics: Streptomyces; Plant Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Plants; Solanum tuberosum; Indoles; Piperazines
PubMed: 38190652
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0171 -
Research in Microbiology 2012High densities of antagonistic Streptomyces are associated with plant disease suppression in many soils. Here we review use of inoculation and organic matter amendments... (Review)
Review
High densities of antagonistic Streptomyces are associated with plant disease suppression in many soils. Here we review use of inoculation and organic matter amendments for enriching antagonistic Streptomyces populations to reduce plant disease and note that effective and consistent disease suppression in response to management has been elusive. We argue that shifting the focus of research from short-term disease suppression to the population ecology and evolutionary biology of antagonistic Streptomyces in soil will enhance prospects for effective management. A framework is presented for considering the impacts of short- and long-term management on competitive and coevolutionary dynamics among Streptomyces populations in relation to disease suppression.
Topics: Antibiosis; Plant Diseases; Plants; Soil Microbiology; Streptomyces
PubMed: 22922402
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.005 -
Nature Reviews. Microbiology Jan 2009During the life cycle of the filamentous bacteria Streptomyces, morphological differentiation is closely integrated with fundamental growth and cell-cycle processes, as... (Review)
Review
During the life cycle of the filamentous bacteria Streptomyces, morphological differentiation is closely integrated with fundamental growth and cell-cycle processes, as well as with truly complex multicellular behaviour that involves hormone-like extracellular signalling and coordination with an extraordinarily diverse secondary metabolism. Not only are the bacterial cytoskeleton and the machineries for cell-wall assembly, cell division and chromosome segregation reorganized during sporulation, but the developmental programme of these fascinating organisms also has many unusual elements, including the formation of a sporulating aerial mycelium and the production of a surfactant peptide and a hydrophobic sheath that allow cells to escape from the surface tension of the growth medium.
Topics: Morphogenesis; Streptomyces
PubMed: 19079351
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1968 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Sep 2021Filamentous microorganisms are potent sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, the molecules formed in response to complex environmental signals. The chemical... (Review)
Review
Filamentous microorganisms are potent sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, the molecules formed in response to complex environmental signals. The chemical diversity encoded in microbial genomes is only partially revealed by following the standard microbiological approaches. Mimicking the natural stimuli through laboratory co-cultivation is one of the most effective methods of awakening the formation of high-value metabolic products. Whereas the biosynthetic outcomes of co-cultures are reviewed extensively, the bioprocess aspects of such efforts are often overlooked. The aim of the present review is to discuss the submerged co-cultivation strategies used for triggering and enhancing secondary metabolites production in Streptomyces, a heavily investigated bacterial genus exhibiting an impressive repertoire of secondary metabolites, including a vast array of antibiotics. The previously published studies on influencing the biosynthetic capabilities of Streptomyces through co-cultivation are comparatively analyzed in the bioprocess perspective, mainly with the focus on the approaches of co-culture initiation, the experimental setup, the design of experimental controls and the ways of influencing the outcomes of co-cultivation processes. These topics are discussed in the general context of secondary metabolites production in submerged microbial co-cultures by referring to the Streptomyces-related studies as illustrative examples.
Topics: Biological Products; Coculture Techniques; Secondary Metabolism; Streptomyces
PubMed: 34490503
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03141-z -
FEMS Microbiology Letters May 2013Streptomycetes comprise very important industrial bacteria, producing two-thirds of all clinically relevant secondary metabolites. They are mycelial microorganisms with... (Review)
Review
Streptomycetes comprise very important industrial bacteria, producing two-thirds of all clinically relevant secondary metabolites. They are mycelial microorganisms with complex developmental cycles that include programmed cell death (PCD) and sporulation. Industrial fermentations are usually performed in liquid cultures (large bioreactors), conditions in which Streptomyces strains generally do not sporulate, and it was traditionally assumed that there was no differentiation. In this work, we review the current knowledge on Streptomyces pre-sporulation stages of Streptomyces differentiation.
Topics: Models, Biological; Spores, Bacterial; Streptomyces
PubMed: 23496097
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12128 -
ELife Jan 2017It has long been thought that the life cycle of bacteria encompasses three developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Here, we show interactions...
It has long been thought that the life cycle of bacteria encompasses three developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Here, we show interactions between and fungi trigger a previously unobserved mode of development. We term these cells 'explorers', for their ability to adopt a non-branching vegetative hyphal conformation and rapidly transverse solid surfaces. Fungi trigger exploratory growth in part by altering the composition of the growth medium, and explorer cells can communicate this exploratory behaviour to other physically separated streptomycetes using an airborne volatile organic compound (VOC). These results reveal that interkingdom interactions can trigger novel developmental behaviours in bacteria, here, causing to deviate from its classically-defined life cycle. Furthermore, this work provides evidence that VOCs can act as long-range communication signals capable of propagating microbial morphological switches.
Topics: Culture Media; Fungi; Microbial Interactions; Signal Transduction; Streptomyces; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 28044982
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.21738 -
Trends in Genetics : TIG Nov 1989Streptomyces species are unusual among bacteria in their extensive colony differentiation, which involves the development of spore-bearing aerial hyphae on mycelial... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces species are unusual among bacteria in their extensive colony differentiation, which involves the development of spore-bearing aerial hyphae on mycelial colonies. This process, which is usually accompanied by antibiotic production, is controlled by factors as diverse as pheromones, a transfer RNA and a sigma factor dedicated to differentiation, and perhaps by storage compounds and substances related to antibiotics.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Sequence Data; Pheromones; RNA, Transfer; Spores, Bacterial; Streptomyces
PubMed: 2692245
DOI: 10.1016/0168-9525(89)90172-8 -
Bioresource Technology May 2023Streptomyces genera serve as adaptable cell factories for secondary metabolites with various and distinctive chemical structures that are relevant to the pharmaceutical... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces genera serve as adaptable cell factories for secondary metabolites with various and distinctive chemical structures that are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. Streptomyces' complex life cycle necessitated a variety of tactics to enhance metabolite production. Identification of metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite clusters, and their controls have all been accomplished using genomic methods. Besides this, bioprocess parameters were also optimized for the regulation of morphology. Kinase families were identified as key checkpoints in the metabolic manipulation (DivIVA, Scy, FilP, matAB, and AfsK) and morphology engineering of Streptomyces. This review illustrates the role of different physiological variables during fermentation in the bioeconomy coupled with genome-based molecular characterization of biomolecules responsible for secondary metabolite production at different developmental stages of the Streptomyces life cycle.
Topics: Streptomyces; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Genomics
PubMed: 36898554
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128836