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Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2008
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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2008Coma is the disorder of consciousness because of the damage to diffused bilateral cerebral hemisphere cortex or reticular activating system. Coma can be caused by... (Review)
Review
Coma is the disorder of consciousness because of the damage to diffused bilateral cerebral hemisphere cortex or reticular activating system. Coma can be caused by neurogenic (head brain injury), metabolic (endogenic), and toxic (exogenic) factors. To determine the cause of metabolic and toxic coma, laboratory tests are performed; in case of neurogenic coma, the neurologic examination is essential, when five systems are evaluated: the level of consciousness (according to Glasgow Coma Scale or Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale), photoreaction of pupils and ophthalmoscopic examination, oculomotoric, motoric, and cardiopulmonary systems. For the treatment of coma, adequate oxygenation and correction of blood circulation disorders are important. The treatment of metabolic coma is guided by special schemes; antidotes often are needed in the treatment of toxic coma, and surgery helps if traumatic brain injury is present. The prognosis and outcomes of the comatose patient depend on the age and comorbid diseases of the patient, the underlying cause of coma, timely medical help and its quality, and intensive treatment and care of the patient in coma.
Topics: Aged; Brain Death; Coma; Confusion; Critical Care; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Lethargy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prognosis; Sepsis; Stupor; Time Factors
PubMed: 19001840
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Nervenarzt Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Stupor; Coma; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 35678868
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01324-z -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2019A 60-year-old man with cerebral palsy and epilepsy was admitted with acute lethargy and deterioration in coordination. He was noted to be hypothermic at 35°C on...
A 60-year-old man with cerebral palsy and epilepsy was admitted with acute lethargy and deterioration in coordination. He was noted to be hypothermic at 35°C on admission. Routine work-up revealed toxic levels of phenytoin. No cause of hypothermia could be identified but as his phenytoin levels normalised, his body temperature also improved. There are three other reported cases of phenytoin- induced hypothermia in the literature. Could this be a rare cause of hypothermia?
Topics: Aftercare; Ataxia; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypothermia; Lethargy; Male; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30674493
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227443 -
Acta Neurologica Belgica Aug 2021
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antimanic Agents; Catatonia; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Psychotic Disorders; Stupor; Valproic Acid
PubMed: 34296394
DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01728-9 -
Der Nervenarzt Jul 2017Psychiatric emergencies present a frequent and interdisciplinary challenge. Clinical diagnosis and management are complicated by the acuity, and the patient's... (Review)
Review
Psychiatric emergencies present a frequent and interdisciplinary challenge. Clinical diagnosis and management are complicated by the acuity, and the patient's compliance is often limited by the illness. Psychiatric emergencies include states of acute agitation, suicidality, delirium, stupor, and drug-induced emergencies. Sometimes interventions such as conversational contact, responding empathically to patients, or "talking down" are sufficient. If pharmacotherapy is necessary, benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs are the primary agents of choice.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alcoholic Intoxication; Dangerous Behavior; Delirium; Disease Progression; Emergency Services, Psychiatric; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intersectoral Collaboration; Mental Disorders; Psychomotor Agitation; Psychotropic Drugs; Stupor; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 28623497
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0352-9 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1948
Topics: Anesthetics; Convulsive Therapy; Electricity; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Stupor
PubMed: 18865967
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4562.1156 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Feb 2007
Topics: Delirium; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Stupor; United States; Women's Health
PubMed: 17160369
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-006-0162-8 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Mar 1955
Topics: Catatonia; Humans; Schizophrenia; Stupor
PubMed: 14350089
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.111.9.680 -
Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia 2016
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Catatonia; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; GABA Modulators; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Postoperative Complications; Stupor; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27716717
DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.191574