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The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2022Subacute thyroiditis (SAT), potentially caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been reported as a complication of COVID-19 since 2020.... (Review)
Review
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT), potentially caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been reported as a complication of COVID-19 since 2020. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of SAT after COVID-19 remain incompletely defined. Therefore, we aimed to collect and survey case reports of SAT after COVID-19. We performed a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The keywords and MeSH terms used for the searches were "subacute thyroiditis" and "COVID-19." A total of 38 patients from 26 case reports, case series, and letters on SAT associated with COVID-19 were included and analyzed. The most frequent SAT symptom was neck pain (27 cases), followed by fever (22 cases). Of the 25 cases with information on the duration between onset of COVID-19 symptoms and onset of SAT symptoms, the shortest was simultaneous occurrence, and the longest was 4 months. In most cases, patients developed SAT at several days or weeks after the onset of COVID-19. All patients with SAT recovered with no severe complications or sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of SAT development in patients with neck pain and fever following COVID-19. Further research is necessary to determine the relationship between SAT and COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Neck Pain; Thyroiditis, Subacute; Fever
PubMed: 36067987
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1223 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Dec 2021Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few... (Review)
Review
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few years have brought many clinically significant new data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of SAT. Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were demonstrated not only to increase the risk of SAT, but also to correlate with SAT clinical course and determine the risk of recurrence. The world-wide epidemic of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has provided new observations that the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be a potent SAT-triggering factor, and that the clinical course of SAT in patients affected by COVID-19 is different from a typical one. Additionally, many new trends in the clinical course are emerging. In the last years, painless course of SAT is more and more often described, constituting a special challenge in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Despite an excellent availability of diagnostic methods, several difficulties in SAT differential diagnosis can be currently encountered and the proper diagnosis and treatment is frequently delayed. False positive diagnoses of SAT in patients with malignancies of poor prognosis constitute a life-threatening problem. Taking into account all the new aspects of SAT pathogenesis and of its clinical course, the new - modified - SAT diagnosis criteria have been proposed.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 33950404
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09648-y -
Endocrine Regulations Jul 2022The present study evaluates the occurrence of subacute thyroiditis in temporal connection with SARS-Cov2 vaccinations described in the literature last year and... (Review)
Review
The present study evaluates the occurrence of subacute thyroiditis in temporal connection with SARS-Cov2 vaccinations described in the literature last year and confirmed by our clinical routine. Systematic literature search in Medline for studies reporting diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis in temporal connection with vaccinations against Covid 19. The literature search yielded 24 relevant references out of which 22 were "case reports" and two "Letters to the Editor" and encompassed 37 patient cases, in total. They had received a SARS-Cov2 vaccination shortly before the diagnosis (median interval to vaccination six days). In none of these cases, infection of the upper respiratory tract had previously been identified as a classic trigger of the disease. Newly occurring hyperthyroidism and increased laboratory signs of inflammation were described in 78% and 74% of cases, respectively. Atypical clinical pictures (asymptomatic, euthyroid, no inflammation marks) have been observed in both the literature and our patients suspected of thyroid cancer referred to surgery. In times of pandemics and the resulting vaccination, new rapidly occurring sonographic changes in the thyroid gland should be revaluated after 2-3 weeks, or recommended to undergo a fine-needle biopsy, in order to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute; Vaccination
PubMed: 35843718
DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0024 -
Georgian Medical News Feb 2021The COVID-19 pandemia has shown that there is not enough knowledge today to fully control it. Along with severe respiratory syndrome, attention has recently been paid to... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemia has shown that there is not enough knowledge today to fully control it. Along with severe respiratory syndrome, attention has recently been paid to extrapulmonary lesions, including endocrinopathies. The aim of the study was to summarize the current literature data about the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on the thyroid gland. One of the most striking manifestations of viral aggression is de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis. The analysis of works from the most authoritative international abstract bibliographic databases was carried out using methods of analysis and processing of scientific resources. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that subacute thyroiditis can be both a clinical manifestation and a complication of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can also trigger other thyroid diseases. The causes of subacute thyroiditis are considered to be the direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on thyroid cells due to the use of ACE2 receptors, the subsequent inflammatory reaction and apoptosis, as well as central hypothalamus-pituitary mechanisms. The clinical variants of subacute thyroiditis in COVID-19 are diverse and have not been fully evaluated. In this regard, it can be concluded that the true incidence of subacute thyroiditis in COVID-19 is much greater, since it is masked by severe lesions of other organs.
Topics: COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 33814400
DOI: No ID Found -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2022As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in the last year, it has been revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only...
OBJECTIVE
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in the last year, it has been revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only cause viral respiratory tract infection but can also affect many organs in the short or long term. In our study, we aimed to reveal that COVID-19 infection affects the endocrine system and triggers subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in the acute period.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
In our retrospective study, the ear-nose-throat examination, internal diseases consultation (investigation of COVID-19 symptoms and polymerase chain reaction [PCR] test), routine blood tests, T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin (anti-TG), antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroid scintigraphy, and thyroid ultrasonography results of 5 patients who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic due to complaints of neck pain and odynophagia between April 2020 and February 2021 were examined.
FINDINGS
All 5 patients were female patients (30.4 years) with odynophagia and pain in the front lower region of the neck. These patients had no previous history of thyroiditis. COVID-19 PCR tests of the patients diagnosed with SAT were positive, and there were no typical COVID-19 signs and symptoms except odynophagia and neck pain.
RESULT
It comes in view that SARS-COV-2 affects thyroid functions and causes SAT and the main symptoms in patients are pain in the neck and odynophagia.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Humans; Male; Neck Pain; Pandemics; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 33974811
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211012114 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jun 2021Since the beginning of the pandemic we have learned much about acute organ complications due to COVID-19, but we are still only beginning to understand the...
BACKGROUND
Since the beginning of the pandemic we have learned much about acute organ complications due to COVID-19, but we are still only beginning to understand the post-infection complications.
CASE PRESENTATION
A man in his forties was diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis after a mild COVID-19 infection. This is an important differential diagnosis to consider if after a period of improvement, an infected patient develops fever, pain around the region of the thyroid (throat/neck) and/or symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
INTERPRETATION
Subacute thyroiditis is thought to be initiated by a viral infection or postviral inflammatory process, often in patients with a history of an upper respiratory infection typically two to eight weeks prior to the onset of thyroiditis. The condition is believed to be triggered by an antigen created by the virus. Subacute thyroiditis must be on the list of possible differential diagnoses in patients with COVID-19 whose condition deteriorates after a period of improvement.
Topics: COVID-19; Fever; Humans; Male; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 34182720
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0169 -
Revista Clinica Espanola 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 34059237
DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.01.002 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid inflammatory disease occurring specifically after upper respiratory tract infections. Since COVID-19 is a...
BACKGROUND
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid inflammatory disease occurring specifically after upper respiratory tract infections. Since COVID-19 is a respiratory disease leading to multi-organ involvements, we aimed to systematically review the literature regarding SAT secondary to COVID-19.
METHODS
We searched Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and LitCovid databases using the terms "subacute thyroiditis" and "COVID-19" and their synonyms from inception to November 3, 2022. We included the original articles of the patients with SAT secondary to COVID-19. Studies reporting SAT secondary to COVID-19 vaccination or SAT symptoms' manifestation before the COVID-19 infection were not included.
RESULTS
Totally, 820 articles were retained. Having removed the duplicates, 250 articles remained, out of which 43 articles (40 case reports and three case series) with a total of 100 patients, were eventually selected. The patients aged 18-85 years (Mean: 42.70, SD: 11.85) and 68 (68%) were women. The time from the onset of COVID-19 to the onset of SAT symptoms varied from zero to 168 days (Mean: 28.31, SD: 36.92). The most common symptoms of SAT were neck pain in 69 patients (69%), fever in 54 (54%), fatigue and weakness in 34 (34%), and persistent palpitations in 31 (31%). The most common ultrasonographic findings were hypoechoic regions in 73 (79%), enlarged thyroid in 46 (50%), and changes in thyroid vascularity in 14 (15%). Thirty-one patients (31%) were hospitalized, and 68 (68%) were treated as outpatients. Corticosteroids were the preferred treatment in both the inpatient and outpatient settings (25 inpatients (81%) and 44 outpatients (65%)). Other preferred treatments were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nine inpatients (29%) and 17 outpatients (25%)) and beta-blockers (four inpatients (13%) and seven outpatients (10%)). After a mean duration of 61.59 days (SD: 67.07), 21 patients (23%) developed hypothyroidism and thus, levothyroxine-based treatment was used in six of these patients and the rest of these patients did not receive levothyroxine.
CONCLUSION
SAT secondary to COVID-19 seems to manifest almost similarly to the conventional SAT. However, except for the case reports and case series, lack of studies has limited the quality of the data at hand.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; COVID-19; Thyroxine; COVID-19 Vaccines; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 37091856
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126637 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2023Subacute thyroiditis (SAT), also known as de Quatrain's thyroiditis or granulomatous thyroiditis, is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid. Most of the time, it... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT), also known as de Quatrain's thyroiditis or granulomatous thyroiditis, is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid. Most of the time, it manifests in the thirties to fifties and is more common in women. SAT can have either viral or post-viral origin. Some viruses, like influenza, COVID-19, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, coxsackievirus 16, and mumps virus, have been linked to SAT development. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's lives all around the world and has changed our attitude toward the treatment of many diseases. It has also made us look deeper into the subject in a way that we would be able to treat this sort of disease with a newer insight.
OBJECTIVE
Regarding the importance of this issue, we decided to summarize our extensive searches from online databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2023, which we found effective in elucidating the association of subacute thyroiditis and viral diseases.
METHOD
Different online databases were searched for narrative review articles, systemic review articles, and original articles, which were published until February 2023.
RESULT
According to the included studies, we found that there is a correlation between SAT and several viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, oral and cervical virus, hepatitis, dengue virus, and SARS-COV-2. The effect of each of the viral diseases mentioned in the SAT is given in the text.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results mentioned in the text, because SAT may be challenging for early diagnosis, due to the potential of classic symptoms as well as the interference of similar clinical symptoms between thyrotoxicosis and viral reactions, the correlation between SAT and viral diseases should be considered so that we can avoid misdiagnosis and lateness.
Topics: Female; Humans; COVID-19; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Poland; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 37823628
DOI: 10.32394/pe.77.13 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroiditis, Subacute
PubMed: 35124937
DOI: No ID Found