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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Nov 2016Substance P is a peptide mainly secreted by neurons and is involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. Animal models have provided... (Review)
Review
Substance P is a peptide mainly secreted by neurons and is involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. Animal models have provided insights into the biology of this peptide and offered compelling evidence for the importance of substance P in cell-to-cell communication by either paracrine or endocrine signaling. Substance P mediates interactions between neurons and immune cells, with nerve-derived substance P modulating immune cell proliferation rates and cytokine production. Intriguingly, some immune cells have also been found to secrete substance P, which hints at an integral role of substance P in the immune response. These communications play important functional roles in immunity including mobilization, proliferation and modulation of the activity of immune cells. This review summarizes current knowledge of substance P and its receptors, as well as its physiological and pathological roles. We focus on recent developments in the immunobiology of substance P and discuss the clinical implications of its ability to modulate the immune response.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Disease; Humans; Immunity; Immunomodulation; Signal Transduction; Substance P
PubMed: 27314883
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2293-z -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Aug 2019Substance P has recently received much attention as a mediator of adverse heart remodelling and cardiac inflammation by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix... (Review)
Review
Substance P has recently received much attention as a mediator of adverse heart remodelling and cardiac inflammation by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases from immune and cardiac mast cells. Based on animal models, Substance P is highly associated with the development of cardiomyopathies, subsequently leading to heart failure. After a brief overview of the pathological role of Substance P in cardiac remodelling and cardiac inflammation, this review summarizes the limited, existing data of Substance P blood levels in adults with cardiovascular diseases, demonstrating a high variability of blood concentrations. The investigation of blood levels led to the conclusion that variability is mainly caused by differences in blood sampling and determination. Furthermore, this review illustrates alternate strategies to investigate human Substance P levels as deeper knowledge of them enables further insights into the potential role of Substance P in cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Humans; Saliva; Substance P; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 31103623
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.014 -
Pharmacological Reviews Jun 1983
Review
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Central Nervous System; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Digestive System; Eye; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Peripheral Nerves; Radioimmunoassay; Respiratory System; Salivary Glands; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance P; Vasodilation
PubMed: 6196797
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Wound healing is a highly coordinated process which leads to the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Still, numerous diseases such as diabetes, venous... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is a highly coordinated process which leads to the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Still, numerous diseases such as diabetes, venous insufficiencies or autoimmune diseases could disturb proper wound healing and lead to chronic and non-healing wounds, which are still a great challenge for medicine. For many years, research has been carried out on finding new therapeutics which improve the healing of chronic wounds. One of the most extensively studied active substances that has been widely tested in the treatment of different types of wounds was Substance P (SP). SP is one of the main neuropeptides released by nervous fibers in responses to injury. This review provides a thorough overview of the application of SP in different types of wound models and assesses its efficacy in wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Compounding; Humans; Models, Animal; Neuropeptides; Organ Specificity; Regeneration; Substance P; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35054936
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020750 -
Vitamins and Hormones 1977
Review
Topics: Animals; Endocrine Glands; Enterochromaffin Cells; Exocrine Glands; Humans; Muscle, Smooth; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Regional Blood Flow; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance P
PubMed: 343362
DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60524-5 -
Life Sciences Dec 1974
Review
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Radioimmunoassay; Substance P
PubMed: 4621245
DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90020-4 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Sep 1982
Review
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Humans; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance P
PubMed: 6182294
DOI: 10.1021/jm00351a001 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Sep 2023In the past, neuropeptide substance P (SP) was predominantly recognized as a neuroinflammatory factor, while its potent healing activity was overlooked. This paper aims... (Review)
Review
In the past, neuropeptide substance P (SP) was predominantly recognized as a neuroinflammatory factor, while its potent healing activity was overlooked. This paper aims to review the regulatory characteristics of neuropeptide SP in both normal and diabetic wound healing. SP actively in the regulation of wound healing-related cells directly and indirectly, exhibiting robust inflammatory properties, promoting cell proliferation and migration and restoring the activity and paracrine ability of skin cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, SP not only regulates healing-related cells but also orchestrates the immune environment, thereby presenting unique and promising application prospects in wound intervention. As new SP-based preparations are being explored, SP-related drugs are poised to become an effective therapeutic intervention for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Substance P; Wound Healing; Skin; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37549795
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115736 -
Neuropeptides Aug 2016This article provides an overview of the structure and function of substance P signalling system and its involvement in the cardiovascular regulation. Substance P is an... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of the structure and function of substance P signalling system and its involvement in the cardiovascular regulation. Substance P is an undecapeptide originating from TAC1 gen and belonging to the tachykinin family. The biological actions of substance P are mainly mediated through neurokinin receptor 1 since substance P is the ligand with the highest affinity to neurokinin receptor 1. Substance P is widely distributed within the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in the cardiovascular system. Substance P is involved in the regulation of heart frequency, blood pressure and in the stretching of vessels. Substance P plays an important role in ischemia and reperfusion and cardiovascular response to stress. Additionally, it has been also implicated in angiogenesis, pain transmission and inflammation. The substance P/neurokinin receptor 1 receptor system is involved in the molecular bases of many human pathological processes. Antagonists of neurokinin receptor 1 receptor could provide clinical solutions for a variety of diseases. Neurokinin receptor 1 antagonists are already used in the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Heart Diseases; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Signal Transduction; Substance P
PubMed: 26706184
DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.12.005 -
Progress in Brain Research 2007Recent evidence has suggested that neuropeptides, and in particular substance P (SP), may play a critical role in the development of morphological injury and functional... (Review)
Review
Recent evidence has suggested that neuropeptides, and in particular substance P (SP), may play a critical role in the development of morphological injury and functional deficits following acute insults to the brain. Few studies, however, have examined the role of SP, and more generally, neurogenic inflammation, in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and stroke. Those studies that have been reported suggest that SP is released following injury to the CNS and facilitates the increased permeability of the blood brain barrier, the development of vasogenic edema and the subsequent cell death and functional deficits that are associated with these events. Inhibition of the SP activity, either through inhibition of the neuropeptide release or the use of SP receptor antagonists, have consistently resulted in profound decreases in edema formation and marked improvements in functional outcome. The current review summarizes the role of SP in acute brain injury, focussing on its properties as a neurotransmitter and the potential for SP to adversely affect outcome.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Humans; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Substance P; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 17618972
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61007-8