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Science Progress 1971
Review
Topics: Animal Feed; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chloroplasts; Food; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Photosynthesis; Plants; Sucrose
PubMed: 4942200
DOI: No ID Found -
Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2019Sucrose octaacetate (SOA) is a United States National Formulary (NF) monograph compendial material (U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2008), and, as shown in Fig. 1, has eight acetate...
Sucrose octaacetate (SOA) is a United States National Formulary (NF) monograph compendial material (U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2008), and, as shown in Fig. 1, has eight acetate groups attached to a sucrose moiety. It is a natural product that has been extracted from the seeds of Annona cornifolia (Lima et al., 2011). It is nontoxic (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016) and has a number of uses based on its bitter taste. For example, sugar is rendered too bitter is eat at a concentration of 0.06% (w/w) SOA (Mann et al., 1992). SOA can form 255 different possible isomers and degradation products, all of which have a very low molar absorptivity. Its ultraviolet molar absorptivity at 210nm has been reported to be 439 absorption units/cm/M in water and 442 absorption units/cm/M in 30:70 acetonitrile-water.
Topics: Annona; Seeds; Sucrose; Taste
PubMed: 31029220
DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2019.02.002 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Oct 2020Patients with chronic wounds should receive wound treatment in addition to causative therapy. In this context, the lack of adequate evidence for wound healing products... (Review)
Review
Patients with chronic wounds should receive wound treatment in addition to causative therapy. In this context, the lack of adequate evidence for wound healing products has been repeatedly discussed. Using the example of TLC-sucrose octasulfate (TLC: technology lipido-colloid), the present review shows that there is significant data with good evidence and comparability in this area. One therapeutic approach to promote wound healing is the inhibition of matrix-metalloproteinases, for example by sucrose octasulfate. For wound products containing TLC-sucrose octasulfate, several sequential clinical studies have been conducted in recent years. The WHAT study was an open randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 117 patients with venous leg ulcers (VLU). The CHALLENGE study was a double-blind RCT with 187 patients with VLU. The SPID study was a pilot study with 33 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The two prospective, multicenter clinical pilot studies NEREIDES and CASSIOPEE examined a total of 88 patients with VLU in different phases of healing. In the REALITY study, a pooled data analysis was performed on eight observational studies with 10,220 patients with chronic wounds of different genesis. In the double-blind, two-armed EXPLORER RCT, 240 patients with neuro-ischemic DFU were followed from first presentation until complete healing. In all studies, a significant promotion of wound healing could be shown by the use of wound healing products with TLC-sucrose octasulfate.
Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Humans; Sucrose; Varicose Ulcer; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32638031
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04637-9 -
International Dental Journal Mar 1982The conclusion that sugar consumption and caries are related is inescapable. Studies of the dynamics of sucrose metabolism by cariogenic organisms, investigations of... (Review)
Review
The conclusion that sugar consumption and caries are related is inescapable. Studies of the dynamics of sucrose metabolism by cariogenic organisms, investigations of experimental caries in animals and clinical observations of the inter-relationship of dietary sucrose intake and caries experience all provide compelling evidence that the proportion of sucrose in a food is one important determinant of its cariogenicity. Accordingly, better labelling of foods and beverages to disclose the concentration (percentage by weight or volume) of sucrose and other sugars would help consumers in choosing products less likely to cause caries. Journals, particularly professional ones, should refrain from publishing potentially misleading or distorted advertisements concerning foods. Because of the multifactorial nature of caries aetiology, the fact that humans eat a mixed diet and evidence that the sequence of eating various foods may affect their cariogenic potential, it is most unlikely that any one test of cariogenicity could be reliable. It may be possible to use a combination of tests to gain meaningful information on the cariogenicity of foods.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Cricetinae; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dietary Carbohydrates; Food Analysis; Humans; Rats; Streptococcus mutans; Sucrose
PubMed: 7042577
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate, a structural analog of the artificial sweetener... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate, a structural analog of the artificial sweetener sucralose. Sucralose-6-acetate is an intermediate and impurity in the manufacture of sucralose, and recent commercial sucralose samples were found to contain up to 0.67% sucralose-6-acetate. Studies in a rodent model found that sucralose-6-acetate is also present in fecal samples with levels up to 10% relative to sucralose which suggest that sucralose is also acetylated in the intestines. A MultiFlow® assay, a high-throughput genotoxicity screening tool, and a micronucleus (MN) test that detects cytogenetic damage both indicated that sucralose-6-acetate is genotoxic. The mechanism of action was classified as clastogenic (produces DNA strand breaks) using the MultiFlow® assay. The amount of sucralose-6-acetate in a single daily sucralose-sweetened drink might far exceed the threshold of toxicological concern for genotoxicity (TTC) of 0.15 µg/person/day. The RepliGut® System was employed to expose human intestinal epithelium to sucralose-6-acetate and sucralose, and an RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine gene expression induced by these exposures. Sucralose-6-acetate significantly increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer with greatest expression for the metallothionein 1 G gene (MT1G). Measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability in human transverse colon epithelium indicated that sucralose-6-acetate and sucralose both impaired intestinal barrier integrity. Sucralose-6-acetate also inhibited two members of the cytochrome P450 family (CYP1A2 and CYP2C19). Overall, the toxicological and pharmacokinetic findings for sucralose-6-acetate raise significant health concerns regarding the safety and regulatory status of sucralose itself.
Topics: Humans; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Research Design; Feces
PubMed: 37246822
DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2213903 -
Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2013Sucralose is a nonnutritive, zero-calorie artificial sweetener. It is a chlorinated sugar substitute that is about 600 times as sweet as sucrose. It is produced from... (Review)
Review
Sucralose is a nonnutritive, zero-calorie artificial sweetener. It is a chlorinated sugar substitute that is about 600 times as sweet as sucrose. It is produced from sucrose when three chlorine atoms replace three hydroxyl groups. It is consumed as tablets (Blendy) by diabetic and obese patients. It is also used as an excipient in drug manufacturing. Unlike other artificial sweeteners, it is stable when heated and can, therefore, be used in baked and fried foods. The FDA approved sucralose in 1998. This review presents a comprehensive profile for sucralose including physical, analytical, and ADME profiles and methods of its synthesis. Spectral data for X-ray powder diffraction and DSC of sucralose are recorded and presented. The authors also recorded FT-IR, (1)H- and (13)C NMR, and ESI-MS spectra. Interpretation with detailed spectral assignments is provided. The analytical profile of sucralose covered the compendial methods, spectroscopic, and different chromatographic analytical techniques. The ADME profile covered all absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination data in addition to pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of sucralose. Some nutritional aspects for sucralose in obesity and diabetes are also presented. Both chemical and microbiological synthesis schemes for sucralose are reviewed and included.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Spectrum Analysis; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents
PubMed: 23668410
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407691-4.00010-1 -
Natural Product Reports Sep 2012Sucrose is a widespread carbohydrate in nature and is involved in many biological processes. Its natural abundance makes it a very appealing renewable raw material for... (Review)
Review
Sucrose is a widespread carbohydrate in nature and is involved in many biological processes. Its natural abundance makes it a very appealing renewable raw material for the synthetic production of high-valued molecules. To further diversify the structure and the inherent properties of these molecules, the access to sucrose analogs is of utmost interest and has historically been widely explored through chemical means. Nature also offers a large panel of sucrose-scaffold derivatives, including phosphorylated or highly substituted phenylpropanoid esters amenable to transformation. Additionally, the use of microorganisms or enzymes could provide an alternative ecologically-compatible manner to diversify sucrose-scaffold derivatives to enable the synthesis of oligo- or polysaccharides, glycoconjugates or polymers that could exhibit original properties for biotechnological applications. This review covers the main biological routes to sucrose derivatives or analogs that are prevalent in nature, that can be obtained via enzymatic processes and the potential applications of such sucrose derivatives in sugar bioconversion, in particular through the engineering of substrates, enzymes or microorganisms.
Topics: Molecular Structure; Plants; Polysaccharides; Stereoisomerism; Sucrose; Sugar Phosphates
PubMed: 22763898
DOI: 10.1039/c2np20054f -
Appetite Aug 1987Two methods of sucrose feeding have been employed in studies with rodents. In the nutritional method, part or all of the starch in a diet is replaced with sucrose. In... (Review)
Review
Two methods of sucrose feeding have been employed in studies with rodents. In the nutritional method, part or all of the starch in a diet is replaced with sucrose. In the solution method, animals maintained on a nutritionally complete diet are given a sucrose solution to drink. The solution method is generally a more effective and reliable method of producing obesity except for weanling rodents. These two methods yield different results with regard to interactions with the fat and protein content of the diet, efficiency of weight gain, disaccharide effects and effects of meal feeding. It is suggested that for the nutritional method, sucrose alters food intake and adiposity via its effects on fat oxidation. For the solution method, the critical factor may be presenting a wet source of calories rather than sucrose per se. Differences in the way sucrose is fed do not account for all divergent results. Different investigators conducting similar experiments have often obtained different results. For these and other reasons, animal studies do not support the idea that sucrose intake causes obesity in humans.
Topics: Animals; Appetite; Mice; Obesity; Rats; Sucrose
PubMed: 3310872
DOI: 10.1016/0195-6663(87)90049-3 -
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols Jan 2017
Topics: Crystallization; Solutions; Sucrose
PubMed: 28049791
DOI: 10.1101/pdb.rec094334 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Aug 2017Sucralose is a non-caloric high intensity sweetener that is approved globally for use in foods and beverages. This review provides an updated summary of the literature... (Review)
Review
Sucralose is a non-caloric high intensity sweetener that is approved globally for use in foods and beverages. This review provides an updated summary of the literature addressing the safety of use of sucralose. Studies reviewed include chemical characterization and stability, toxicokinetics in animals and humans, assessment of genotoxicity, and animal and human feeding studies. Endpoints evaluated include effects on growth, development, reproduction, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity and overall health status. Human clinical studies investigated potential effects of repeated consumption in individuals with diabetes. Recent studies on the safety of sucralose focused on carcinogenic potential and the effect of sucralose on the gut microflora are reviewed. Following the discovery of sweet taste receptors in the gut and studies investigating the activation of these receptors by sucralose lead to numerous human clinical studies assessing the effect of sucralose on overall glycemic control. Estimated daily intakes of sucralose in different population subgroups, including recent studies on children with special dietary needs, consistently find that the intakes of sucralose in all members of the population remain well below the acceptable daily intake. Collectively, critical review of the extensive database of research demonstrates that sucralose is safe for its intended use as a non-caloric sugar alternative.
Topics: Animals; Consumer Product Safety; Food Safety; Humans; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents
PubMed: 28558975
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.047