-
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompound belonging to the isothiocyanate family. Although it was also found in seeds and mature plants, SFN is mainly present in sprouts of... (Review)
Review
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompound belonging to the isothiocyanate family. Although it was also found in seeds and mature plants, SFN is mainly present in sprouts of many cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. SFN is produced by the conversion of glucoraphanin through the enzyme myrosinase, which leads to the formation of this isothiocyanate. SFN is especially characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and for this reason, it aroused the interest of researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize the experimental studies present on Pubmed that report the efficacy of SFN in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, thanks to its beneficial effects, SFN could be useful as a supplement to counteracting neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 33207780
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228637 -
Journal of Medicinal Food Feb 2019Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate occurring in stored form as glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, and at high levels in... (Review)
Review
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate occurring in stored form as glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, and at high levels in broccoli especially in broccoli sprouts. Glucoraphanin requires the plant enzyme myrosinase for converting it into sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is metabolized through mercapturic acid pathway, being conjugated with glutathione and undergoes further biotransformation, yielding metabolites. Sulforaphane is extensively investigated and is in the interest in medicine for its health benefits. It has been shown that sulforaphane may protect against various types of cancer, may also decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and help in autism and osteoporosis. Our review offers a short summary of interesting properties of sulforaphane. Both the in vitro and in vivo methods/models and clinical studies are mentioned.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Autistic Disorder; Brassica; Glucosinolates; Humans; Imidoesters; Isothiocyanates; Neoplasms; Osteoporosis; Oximes; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 30372361
DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0024 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 2014Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by both impaired communication and social interaction, and by stereotypic behavior, affects about 1 in 68, predominantly... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by both impaired communication and social interaction, and by stereotypic behavior, affects about 1 in 68, predominantly males. The medico-economic burdens of ASD are enormous, and no recognized treatment targets the core features of ASD. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, young men (aged 13-27) with moderate to severe ASD received the phytochemical sulforaphane (n = 29)--derived from broccoli sprout extracts--or indistinguishable placebo (n = 15). The effects on behavior of daily oral doses of sulforaphane (50-150 µmol) for 18 wk, followed by 4 wk without treatment, were quantified by three widely accepted behavioral measures completed by parents/caregivers and physicians: the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Initial scores for ABC and SRS were closely matched for participants assigned to placebo and sulforaphane. After 18 wk, participants receiving placebo experienced minimal change (<3.3%), whereas those receiving sulforaphane showed substantial declines (improvement of behavior): 34% for ABC (P < 0.001, comparing treatments) and 17% for SRS scores (P = 0.017). On CGI-I, a significantly greater number of participants receiving sulforaphane had improvement in social interaction, abnormal behavior, and verbal communication (P = 0.015-0.007). Upon discontinuation of sulforaphane, total scores on all scales rose toward pretreatment levels. Dietary sulforaphane, of recognized low toxicity, was selected for its capacity to reverse abnormalities that have been associated with ASD, including oxidative stress and lower antioxidant capacity, depressed glutathione synthesis, reduced mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation, increased lipid peroxidation, and neuroinflammmation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Male; Placebos; Social Behavior; Sulfoxides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25313065
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416940111 -
Aging Jan 2021The broccoli-derived isothiocyanate sulforaphane inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer, but its effect on healthspan and longevity are unclear. We used the...
The broccoli-derived isothiocyanate sulforaphane inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer, but its effect on healthspan and longevity are unclear. We used the nematode model and fed the wildtype and 9 mutant strains ±sulforaphane. The lifespan, phenotype, pharyngeal pumping, mobility, lipofuscin accumulation, and RNA and protein expression of the nematodes were assessed by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, live imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and qRT-PCR. Sulforaphane increased the lifespan and promoted a health-related phenotype by increasing mobility, appetite and food intake and reducing lipofuscin accumulation. Mechanistically, sulforaphane inhibited DAF-2-mediated insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling and its downstream targets AGE-1, AKT-1/AKT-2. This was associated with increased nuclear translocation of the FOXO transcription factor homolog DAF16. In turn, the target genes , and , known to enhance stress resistance and lifespan, were upregulated. These results indicate that sulforaphane prolongs the lifespan and healthspan of through insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Our results provide the basis for a nutritional sulforaphane-enriched strategy for the promotion of healthy aging and disease prevention.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Appetite; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Eating; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Isothiocyanates; Longevity; Receptor, Insulin; Signal Transduction; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 33471780
DOI: 10.18632/aging.202512 -
Immunology and Cell Biology Oct 2023Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive... (Review)
Review
Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive drugs but come with a trade-off of cumulative and serious side effects. Therefore, alternative drug options with improved safety profiles are urgently needed. Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from plants of the brassica family, is a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes via nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests additional diverse anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane through interactions with mediators of key signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines. Multiple studies support a role for sulforaphane as a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine release, inflammasome activation and direct regulation of the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Significantly, studies have also highlighted potential steroid-sparing activity for sulforaphane, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for some inflammatory conditions. This review discusses published research on sulforaphane, including proposed mechanisms of action, and poses questions for future studies that might help progress our understanding of the potential clinical applications of this intriguing molecule.
Topics: Isothiocyanates; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Sulfoxides; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37650498
DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12686 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. It has been widely studied for its potential as a... (Review)
Review
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. It has been widely studied for its potential as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent. This review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence supporting the neuroprotective and anticancer effects of SFN and the potential mechanisms through which it exerts these effects. SFN has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, the modulation of neuroinflammation, and epigenetic mechanisms. In cancer treatment, SFN has demonstrated the ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, inhibit histone deacetylase, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. SFN has also shown chemoprotective properties through inhibiting phase I metabolizing enzymes, modulating phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and targeting cancer stem cells. In addition to its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders and cancer treatment, SFN has shown promise as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic injury and intracranial hemorrhage. Finally, the ongoing and completed clinical trials on SFN suggest potential therapeutic benefits, but more research is needed to establish its effectiveness. Overall, SFN holds significant promise as a natural compound with diverse therapeutic applications.
Topics: Neuroprotection; Isothiocyanates; Sulfoxides; Histone Deacetylases
PubMed: 37836745
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196902 -
Inflammopharmacology Dec 2023Sulforaphane (SFN) is a type of phytochemical found in many cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to positively benefit the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus... (Review)
Review
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a type of phytochemical found in many cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to positively benefit the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The search was done from 2000 until December 2022 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases. We included all in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated to activate the PIK/AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways and the glucose transporter type 4 to increase insulin production and reduce insulin resistance. Interestingly, SFN possesses protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, and neuropathy via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation that leads to the translation of several anti-oxidant enzymes and regulation glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, multiple clinical trial studies emphasized the ameliorating effects of SFN on T2DM patients. This review provides sufficient evidence for further research and development of sulforaphane as a hypoglycemic drug.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Antioxidants; Isothiocyanates; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37955784
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01373-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023The increasing incidence of prostate cancer worldwide has spurred research into novel therapeutics for its treatment and prevention. Sulforaphane, derived from broccoli... (Review)
Review
The increasing incidence of prostate cancer worldwide has spurred research into novel therapeutics for its treatment and prevention. Sulforaphane, derived from broccoli and other members of the genus, is a phytochemical shown to have anticancer properties. Numerous studies have shown that sulforaphane prevents the development and progression of prostatic tumors. This review evaluates the most recent published reports on prevention of the progression of prostate cancer by sulforaphane in vitro, in vivo and in clinical settings. A detailed description of the proposed mechanisms of action of sulforaphane on prostatic cells is provided. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges, limitations and future prospects of using sulforaphane as a therapeutic agent in treatment of prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Prostatic Neoplasms; Brassica; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 37108142
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086979 -
Drug Discovery Today Sep 2014Whereas much attention is focused on distinguishing newly diagnosed prostate cancers that will progress to become aggressive forms of the disease from those that will... (Review)
Review
Whereas much attention is focused on distinguishing newly diagnosed prostate cancers that will progress to become aggressive forms of the disease from those that will remain indolent, it is also appropriate to explore therapeutic and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of progression. Diets rich in broccoli have been associated with a reduction in risk of progression, which has been attributed to the compound sulforaphane. Although the mode of action of sulforaphane has been extensively studied in cell and animal models and a multiple of mechanisms that could underpin its protective effects have been proposed, recent evidence from human intervention studies suggests that sulforaphane is involved in a complex interplay between redox status and metabolism to result in a tissue environment that does not favour prostate cancer progression.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Brassica; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 25051139
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.07.007 -
Food Chemistry May 2021The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF) is one of the most potent naturally occurring Phase 2 enzymes inducers derived from brassica vegetables like broccoli, cabbage,... (Review)
Review
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF) is one of the most potent naturally occurring Phase 2 enzymes inducers derived from brassica vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, brussel sprouts, etc. Ingestion of broccoli releases SF via hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (GRP) by plant myrosinase and/or intestinal microbiota. However, both SF and plant myrosinase are thermal-labile, and the epithiospecifier protein (ESP) directs the hydrolysis of GRP toward formation of sulforaphane nitrile instead of SF. In addition, bacterial myrosinase has low hydrolyzing efficiency. In this review, we discuss strategies that could be employed to improve the stability of SF, increase SF formation during thermal and non-thermal processing of broccoli, and enhance the myrosinase-like activity of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, new cooking methods or blanching technologies should be developed to maintain myrosinase activity, and novel thermostable myrosinase and/or microbes with high SF producing abilities should also be developed.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Brassica; Cooking; Drug Stability; Glucosinolates; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrolysis; Imidoesters; Isothiocyanates; Oximes; Pressure; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 33601652
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128771