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Lancet (London, England) Nov 1995
Topics: Animals; Causality; Humans; Melanoma; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Sunlight
PubMed: 7475675
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Nov 1995
Topics: Causality; Humans; Melanoma; Sunlight
PubMed: 7475674
DOI: No ID Found -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Sep 2018Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by individuals are highly influenced by behavioural and environmental factors. This study aimed at quantifying hats' sun...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by individuals are highly influenced by behavioural and environmental factors. This study aimed at quantifying hats' sun protection effectiveness in various exposure conditions, by predicting UVR exposure doses and their anatomical distributions.
METHODS
A well-defined 3-dimensional head morphology and 4 hat styles (a cap, a helmet, a middle- and a wide-brimmed hat) were added to a previously published model. Midday (12:00-14:00) and daily (08:00-17:00) seasonal UVR doses were estimated at various facial skin zones, with and without hat wear, accounting for each UVR component. Protection effectiveness was calculated by the relative reduction in predicted UVR dose, expressed as a predictive protection factor (PPF).
RESULTS
The unprotected entire face received 2.5 times higher UVR doses during a summer midday compared to a winter midday (3.3 vs 1.3 standard erythema dose [SED]) with highest doses received at the nose (6.1 SED). During a cloudless summer day, the lowest mean UVR dose is received by the entire face protected by a wide-brimmed hat (1.7 SED). No hat reached 100% protection at any facial skin zone (PPF : 76%). Hats' sun protection effectiveness varied highly with environmental conditions and was mainly limited by the high contribution of diffuse UVR, irrespective of hat style. Larger brim sizes afforded greater facial protection than smaller brim sizes except around midday when the sun position is high.
CONCLUSION
Consideration of diffuse and reflected UVR in sun educational messages could improve sun protection effectiveness.
Topics: Clothing; Face; Humans; Seasons; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 29682802
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12388 -
Disability and Health Journal Jul 2021Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports increased sun exposure times. Sun protection behaviors and attitudes are utmost importance to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports increased sun exposure times. Sun protection behaviors and attitudes are utmost importance to reduce sun exposure.
AIMS
To evaluate sun exposure habits, sun protection practices, and sun-related attitudes and knowledge among paralympic sailors.
METHODS
This descriptive observational study analysed the answers of a validated self-reported questionnaire of habits, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure and skin cancer completed by 56 elite sailors with disabilities from 19 countries which taking part in 2019 Para World Sailing Championships.
RESULTS
Three in four (76.8%) participants reported a history of sunburn in the previous season. Overall, participants showed an average for sport practice per week of 8.0 h (SD: 4.9). Participants reported a low adherence to sun protection practice, with the exception of using sunglasses (85.7%), sunscreen (83.9%) and hat (75%), having a very low rate (28.6%) of avoidance of midday sun and an inadequate sunscreen reapplication (33.9% reported "do not reapply" and 16.1% "reapply every one or 2 h"). Although 82.1% of participants reported to be worried about can get skin cancer out of the sun, they also presented excessive sun tanning attitudes (42.9% likes sunbathing and 57.1% sunbathing makes them feel well). The average score for sun-related knowledge was low (62.1 out 100 points; SD: 13.6).
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness campaigns on sun risk are needed specifically directed at this target group, in order to improve their sun protection habits and reduce the rates of sunburn associated with sports practice.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Military Personnel; Sunburn; Sunlight
PubMed: 33840618
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101095 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Dec 2023We present the case of a 38-year-old male who reported to our practice with multiple newly developed halos around 26 existing nevi on his trunk. The halo nevi developed...
We present the case of a 38-year-old male who reported to our practice with multiple newly developed halos around 26 existing nevi on his trunk. The halo nevi developed after the patient, who lived in the northeast, spent 2 months on a lake in Alabama, with intense heat and sun exposure. This case is remarkable in that it points to ultraviolet exposure as one instigating factor in the development of halo nevi, the development of which is incompletely understood. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(12):e31-e32. doi:10.36849/JDD.6792e.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Nevus, Halo; Sunlight; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38051850
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.6792 -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Dec 2021Sun exposure is the main external risk factor for keratinocytic non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Outdoor workers are at increased risk, but the relationship of NMSC with...
BACKGROUND
Sun exposure is the main external risk factor for keratinocytic non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Outdoor workers are at increased risk, but the relationship of NMSC with occupational solar exposure is often confounded by concurrent recreational sun exposure. We compared the percentage of outdoor workers in NMSC patients versus controls without history of NMSC and assessed occupational and recreational sun exposure in both groups, evaluating also other risk factors and use of protective measures.
METHODS
Adult NMSC patients and controls without history of NMSC or actinic keratoses, matched for sex and age range, were recruited in the Departments of Dermatology of seven Italian University Hospitals, with a 1:2 patient/control ratio whenever possible. Data were collected using specifically designed questionnaires.
RESULTS
Eight hundred thirty-four patients and 1563 controls were enrolled. History of outdoor work was significantly (P=0.033) more frequent in patients. Patients were more sun exposed from outdoor leisure activities (P=0.012) and sunbathed for longer periods (P=0.13) and between 12 pm and 3.30 pm (P=0.011). Cumulative sun exposure during hobbies was similar between patients and controls in outdoor workers, higher (P<0.05) in patients among indoor workers. Patients and controls with history of outdoor work were more sun exposed at work than during leisure activities (P<0.001). Use of sunscreens by outdoor workers was very low, particularly at work (19.9%). Patients used sunscreens more than controls (P=0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational and recreational sun exposure are relevant risk factors for outdoor and indoor workers respectively. Sunscreens are alarmingly underused, particularly at work, and are used mainly by patients.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Italy; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33179876
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.20.06699-7 -
Journal of Exposure Science &... Sep 2017There is uncertainty about the amount of sun exposure required to increase low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, a possible disease risk factor. The study...
There is uncertainty about the amount of sun exposure required to increase low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, a possible disease risk factor. The study aimed to quantify the association between sun exposure and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in a multiethnic community sample (n=502) living in Auckland (37°S) and Dunedin (46°S), New Zealand, aged 18-85 years. They wore electronic ultraviolet dosimeters between March and November (autumn, winter and spring) for 8 weeks to record their sun exposure. This was converted to standard erythemal doses (SEDs), corrected for clothing to generate equivalent full-body exposures, SED. Blood samples were collected at the end of weeks 4 and 8 to measure 25(OH)D. Median weekly SED was 0.33 during weeks 1-4 and 0.34 during weeks 5-8. Weekly exposures <0.5 SED during weeks 5-8 were associated with decreasing 25(OH)D concentrations at the end of week 8. There was a non-linear association between sun exposure and 25(OH)D, with most of the increase in 25(OH)D being at exposures <2 SED per week. This finding suggests that vitamin D status is increased by regular small sun exposures (<2 SED per week), and that greater exposures result in only small additional increases in 25(OH)D.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcifediol; Clothing; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Radiation Exposure; Seasons; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays; Young Adult
PubMed: 27599885
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.51 -
Hospital Practice (Office Ed.) Oct 1989
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Female; Humans; Male; Skin Aging; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 2553757
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Occupational and... Jul 2023Cannabis cultivation and processing is becoming an important industry in the United States and Canada. The industry employs over 400,000 workers in the United States and...
Cannabis cultivation and processing is becoming an important industry in the United States and Canada. The industry employs over 400,000 workers in the United States and is growing rapidly. Both natural sunlight and artificial lamp-generated radiation are commonly used to grow cannabis plants. These optical sources can contain both visible and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) wavelengths, and overexposure to UVR is associated with negative health effects. The severity of these adverse health effects is governed by the specific wavelengths and exposed dose of UVR, yet worker exposure to UVR within cannabis-growing facilities has not been studied. In this study, worker exposure to UVR was assessed at five cannabis production facilities in Washington State, including indoor, outdoor, and shade house facilities. Lamp emission testing was performed at each facility and worker UVR exposures were measured for 87 work shifts. Observations of worker activities and use of personal protective equipment in association with UVR exposure measurements were recorded. For lamp emission measurements, at 3 feet from the center of the lamp, the average irradiances were 4.09 × 10, 6.95 × 10, 6.76 × 10, 3.96 × 10, and 1.98 × 10 effective W/cm for germicidal lamps, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps, and light emitting diodes, respectively. The average measured UVR exposure was 2.91 × 10 effective J/cm (range: 1.54 × 10, 1.57 × 10 effective J/cm). Thirty percent of the work shifts monitored exceeded the American Conference for Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.003 effective J/cm. Exposures were highest for workers who spent all or part of the work shift outdoors, and solar radiation was the primary source of worker UVR exposure for most of the work shifts that exceeded the TLVs. Outdoor workers can reduce UVR exposure by applying sunscreen and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Although the artificial lighting used in the cannabis production facilities included in this study did not contribute substantially to the measured UV exposures, in many cases the lamp emissions would generate theoretical exposures at 3 feet from the center of the lamp that would exceed the TLV. Therefore, employers should choose low UVR emitting lamps for indoor grow operations and should use engineering controls (e.g., door-interlocks to de-energize lamps) to prevent worker exposure to UVR from germicidal lamps.
Topics: Humans; Ultraviolet Rays; Cannabis; Sunlight; Industry; Canada; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 37146269
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2207616 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Jun 2007Mounting experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the hypothesis that vitamin D reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Some evidence suggests that prostate cancer...
Mounting experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the hypothesis that vitamin D reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Some evidence suggests that prostate cancer risk may be influenced by sun exposure early in life. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study to examine associations of prostate cancer risk with early-life and adult residential sun exposure and adult sun exposures that were assessed through self-report, physician report, and dermatologic examination. We used solar radiation in the state of birth as a measure of sun exposure in early life. Follow-up from 1971 to 1975 (baseline) to 1992 identified 161 prostate cancer cases (102 nonfatal and 59 fatal) among non-Hispanic white men for whom sun exposure data were available. Significant inverse associations were found for men born in a region of high solar radiation (relative risk, 0.49, 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.90 for high versus low solar radiation), with a slightly greater reduction for fatal than for nonfatal prostate cancer. Frequent recreational sun exposure in adulthood was associated with a significantly reduced risk of fatal prostate cancer only (relative risk, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.99). These findings suggest that, in addition to sun exposure in adulthood, sun exposure in early life protects against prostate cancer.
Topics: Age Factors; Humans; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sunlight
PubMed: 17548698
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1053