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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2016Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods such as green tea, chocolate, grape seeds, and wine. Polyphenols have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods such as green tea, chocolate, grape seeds, and wine. Polyphenols have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Growing evidence suggests that polyphenols may be used for the prevention of sunburns as polyphenols decrease the damaging effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the skin. This review was conducted to examine the evidence for use of topically and orally ingested polyphenols in prevention of sunburns. The PubMed database was searched for studies that examined polyphenols and its effects on sunburns. Of the 27 studies found, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were conducted on human subjects and eight on animals (mice and rats). Eleven studies evaluated the effects of topical polyphenols, two studies examined ingested polyphenols, and two studies examined both topical and ingested polyphenols. Polyphenol sources included the following plant origins: green tea, white tea, cocoa, Romanian propolis (RP), Calluna vulgaris (Cv), grape seeds, honeybush, and Lepidium meyenii (maca). Eight studies examined green tea. Overall, based on the studies, there is evidence that polyphenols in both oral and topical form may provide protection from UV damage and sunburn, and thus are beneficial to skin health. However, current studies are limited and further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy, mechanism of action, and potential side effects of various forms and concentrations of polyphenols.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Rats; Sunburn; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27618035
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091521 -
Cancer Epidemiology Aug 2023Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the United States. Sunburn is a modifiable risk factor for BCC. The objective of this project was to synthesize... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the United States. Sunburn is a modifiable risk factor for BCC. The objective of this project was to synthesize research on BCC and sunburn to quantify the impact and severity of sunburn at different life stages on BCC risk in the general population. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases was conducted and data were extracted by two independent reviewers using standardized forms. Data from 38 studies were pooled using both dichotomous and dose-response meta-analytic methods. BCC risk increased with ever experiencing a sunburn in childhood (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.72) and with ever experiencing a sunburn in life (OR= 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.45). Every five sunburns experienced per decade in childhood increased BCC risk by 1.86 (95% CI: 1.73, 2.00) times. Every five sunburns experienced per decade in adulthood increased BCC risk by 2.12 (95% CI: 1.75, 2.57) times and every five sunburns per decade of life increased BCC risk by 1.91 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.58) times. The data on sunburn exposure and BCC show that an increase in number of sunburns at any age increased the risk of BCC. This may inform future prevention efforts.
Topics: Humans; United States; Sunburn; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37201363
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102379 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... 2023
Topics: Humans; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36624029
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.12.011 -
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC Nov 1994A computer-aided search identified 16 case-control studies which specifically assessed sunburn as a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Using unadjusted... (Review)
Review
A computer-aided search identified 16 case-control studies which specifically assessed sunburn as a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Using unadjusted estimates, a history of sunburn was associated with significantly increased risk of melanoma in all but one study. Four studies were defined as core studies after assessment of study quality; however, only two of these had sufficiently similar definitions of sunburn to allow pooling of results. Using pooled data, the risk of melanoma in those ever sunburned was 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-2.6), while the highest category of sunburn exposure had a risk of 3.7 (CI = 2.5-5.4). The suggestion that sunburns in childhood carry greater risk of melanoma cannot be supported by pooled analysis. This review demonstrated considerable variation in design and method among the studies, and identified sources of bias which prevented a pooled analysis using all available data. The need for strong epidemiologic evidence relating sunburn to melanoma, particularly in childhood, is of prime importance, since avoidance of sunburn is one of the few potential means of primary prevention of melanoma.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn
PubMed: 7827244
DOI: 10.1007/BF01831385 -
Cutis Oct 2017
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leg; Purpura; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Young Adult
PubMed: 29136065
DOI: No ID Found -
Primary Care Dec 2015Sunburn, thermal, and chemical injuries to the skin are common in the United States and worldwide. Initial management is determined by type and extent of injury with... (Review)
Review
Sunburn, thermal, and chemical injuries to the skin are common in the United States and worldwide. Initial management is determined by type and extent of injury with special care to early management of airway, breathing, and circulation. Fluid management has typically been guided by the Parkland formula, whereas some experts now question this. Each type of skin injury has its own pathophysiology and resultant complications. All primary care physicians should have at least a basic knowledge of management of acute and chronic skin injuries.
Topics: Airway Management; Body Surface Area; Burn Units; Burns; Burns, Chemical; Frostbite; Humans; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Sunburn; United States
PubMed: 26612374
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.07.003 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Oct 1981
Topics: Humans; Sunburn
PubMed: 7287965
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(81)80011-4 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Dec 1980
Review
Topics: Environment; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 7016109
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1980.tb00156.x -
Dermatology Online Journal Apr 2021Skin cancer prevention is at the forefront of public health as morbidity increases. Limited data exists on effective interventions to reduce sunburn frequency and...
Skin cancer prevention is at the forefront of public health as morbidity increases. Limited data exists on effective interventions to reduce sunburn frequency and modifiable risk factors. This research aims to determine an association between 1) demographic characteristics and outdoor sunburn frequency, and 2) sunburn frequency and sun-related risk and protective factors in a nationally representative, cross-sectional household survey. Of 23,430 surveys sent, 4,883 respondents reported sunburn-related data. Association between sunburns and demographic, risk, and protective factors were examined. When assessing demographic factors, potential confounding was addressed using multivariable analysis. In multivariable models, younger, non-Hispanic White respondents were more likely to report sunburn. Those with higher income were more likely to report any sunburn, but less likely to sunburn frequently. Females were less likely to report frequent sunburns. Engagement in sporting events, outdoor events, and day-to-day activities during the most recent sunburn was more commonly reported by those with frequent sunburns as compared with those with infrequent sunburns. Sun-protection interventions targeting higher-risk demographics during time spent outdoors, at sporting events, and during other day-to-day activities may be beneficial. Further insight into risk and protective behaviors for those who did not burn could be useful to guide public health interventions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Behavior; Health Surveys; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Middle Aged; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 33999575
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific American Jul 1968
Topics: Humans; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 5654295
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0768-38