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Vnitrni Lekarstvi Sep 2012
Topics: Humans; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 23173237
DOI: No ID Found -
Angiology Jul 1999The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different treatment plans (compression only, early surgery, low-dose subcutaneous heparin [LDSH],... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different treatment plans (compression only, early surgery, low-dose subcutaneous heparin [LDSH], low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH], and oral anticoagulant [OC] treatment) in the management of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP), by considering efficacy and costs in a 6-month, randomized, follow-up trial. Patients with STP, with large varicose veins without any suspected/documented systemic disorder, were included. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: presence of varicose veins; venous incompetence (by duplex); a tender, indurated cord along a superficial vein; and redness and heat in the affected area. All patients were ambulatory. Exclusion criteria were obesity, cardiovascular or neoplastic diseases, bone/joint disease, problems requiring immobilization, and age > 70 years. Patients with superficial thrombophlebitis without varicose veins and patients under treatment with drugs at referral were also excluded. Color duplex (CD) was used to detect concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to evaluate the extension or reduction of STP at 3 and 6 months. Venography was not used. Of 562 patients included, 3.5% had had a recent DVT in the same limb affected by SVT and 2.1% in the contralateral limb. In six patients DVT was present in both limbs. These patients were treated with anticoagulants and excluded from the follow-up. After 3 and 6 months the incidence of STP extension was higher in the elastic compression and in the saphenous ligation groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in DVT incidence at 3 months among the treatment groups. Stripping of the affected veins was associated with the lowest incidence of thrombus extension. The cost for compression alone was the lowest and the cost including LMWH was the highest. The average cost was 1,383 US$. However the highest social cost (lost working days, inactivity) was observed in subjects treated only with stockings.
Topics: Absenteeism; Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Bandages; Cost of Illness; Costs and Cost Analysis; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heparin; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Incidence; Injections, Subcutaneous; Leg; Ligation; Male; Middle Aged; Saphenous Vein; Thrombophlebitis; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Varicose Veins; Venous Insufficiency; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 10431991
DOI: 10.1177/000331979905000701 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jul 2020
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Embolism; Thrombophlebitis; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 32974708
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04627-x -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Jul 2022Penile Mondor's Disease (PMD) is a rare illness that causes thrombophlebitis in the superficial veins of the penis that is manifested by transient pain and swelling. PMD... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Penile Mondor's Disease (PMD) is a rare illness that causes thrombophlebitis in the superficial veins of the penis that is manifested by transient pain and swelling. PMD often is associated with trauma to the penis, prolonged or vigorous sexual intercourse, and has been linked to genetics.
OBJECTIVES
Our aim is to review the current literature on PMD.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of English and Turkish publications on PMD was found through PubMed and Web of Science using various keywords. It is a systematic review.
RESULTS
PMD might be an uncommon, harmless condition that normalizes with moderate therapy or potentially clinical therapy. Its pathogenesis has not yet been completely explained; however, different etiological variables are known. The current studies on PMD are summarized.
CONCLUSION
Analyses are frequently made with a fair history and actual assessment. In any case, education on the illness is needed. Furthermore, the identification should be supported by ultrasonography. In a greater part of the patients, results are acquired with 2 months of clinical treatment. In exceptionally uncommon cases, careful thrombectomy or expulsion of the superficial vein is required. Özkan B, Coşkuner ER. What We Know About Penile Mondor's Disease. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:396-401.
Topics: Coitus; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 35249861
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.12.006 -
Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik... May 2014A new consensus on the management of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) from the Central European Vascular Forum (CEVF) for the diagnosis and treatment of STP recommends...
INTRODUCTION
A new consensus on the management of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) from the Central European Vascular Forum (CEVF) for the diagnosis and treatment of STP recommends anticoagulation treatment either with Fondaparinux 2.5 mg for at least 45 days or with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for 4 weeks in patients with thrombosis of GSV/SSV proven by duplex ultrasonography (DUS) and with thrombus length exceeding 5 cm. The dosage and duration of anticoagulation treatment depend on the associated diseases and other risk factors for TVE. Many options for doses an duration of treatment are referred to in the literature. Emergency surgery is not recommended. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of DUS examination in acute ascending thrombophlebitis (ASTP) of the GSV, and demonstrate the efficiency of surgical treatment - crossectomy and phlebectomy of thrombosed GSV/SSV.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The authors present their clinical experience with DUS diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute ascending thrombophlebitis in GSV/SSV on 66 patients with 68 operations. In two of them bilateral crossectomy was performed. In the diagnosis it is necessary to perform DUS examination after clinical diagnosis of acute thrombophlebitis. It should be done bilaterally, not only in the affected limb. DUS confirms the measure, progression and eventually ascension of the thrombosis on the trunk of the GSV/SSV and perforating veins. Progress of the thrombotic process from the thigh to the SF/SP junction is usually a matter of a few hours. Daily ultrasound assessment should therefore be performed in acute thrombophlebitis, even during anticoagulation therapy. Thrombus near the SF/SP junction is a reason for urgent surgery - crossectomy and phlebectomy.
RESULTS
66 patients were operated on under general anaesthesia without any complications. A large hematoma in the subinguinal region developed in one patient after surgery. A 50-year-old patient returned with colliquation of the residual varicose vein on the lower leg. Outpatient incision and evacuation had to be performed 3 weeks after surgery. Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin was started in two patients. The other patients were discharged 4 to 6 days following surgery without any problems. Post-operative anti-coagulation in other patients was not longer than 2 weeks.
CONCLUSION
Urgent crossectomy and phlebectomy represent a reliable method of treatment in the management of acute ascending thrombophlebitis of GSV/SSV, guaranteeing prophylaxis of complications, especially in pregnant women with PT in the later phase of pregnancy. Surgical treatment destroys the damaged vein with crossectomy as a potential cause of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and STP recurrence. After anticoagulation therapy the affected vein remains in situ. It can potentially cause the recurrence of STP, and DVT and PE may develop.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Ultrasonography; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 24891243
DOI: No ID Found -
The Breast Journal May 2016
Topics: Arteriovenous Fistula; Breast Diseases; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Thrombophlebitis; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 26991444
DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12584 -
Current Urology Reports Jun 2015Superficial penile thrombophlebitis or penile Mondor's disease (PMD) is an underreported condition that causes anxiety and embarrassment in affected men. Patients... (Review)
Review
Superficial penile thrombophlebitis or penile Mondor's disease (PMD) is an underreported condition that causes anxiety and embarrassment in affected men. Patients usually present with a smooth, cord-like induration on the dorsal penile shaft 1-7 days after prolonged or intensive sexual intercourse, but other presentations of disease and triggers for endothelial damage are possible. The condition is typically self-limited with expected spontaneous resolution within 4-8 weeks of initial presentation, and absolute diagnosis is usually not necessary with management including supportive care and pain control. However, when disease course is prolonged or there are concerning risk factors, it may be important to differentiate PMD from other conditions such as Peyronie's disease, hypercoagulability, blood stasis, genitourinary infection, and malignancy. History and physical are often sufficient to distinguish these conditions from PMD, but providers may employ ultrasound to assist with the diagnosis. If PMD does not spontaneously resolve, patients may be considered for thrombectomy, at which point histological analysis can confirm the diagnosis.
Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Penile Diseases; Thrombectomy; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 25962547
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-015-0512-z -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi Feb 2009Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) is a common disease, usually considered benign. However, the practice of systemic duplex ultrasonography has revealed a large number of...
Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) is a common disease, usually considered benign. However, the practice of systemic duplex ultrasonography has revealed a large number of deep-vein thromboses concomitant with ST. In contrast with extensive information on the management of deep vein thrombosis, little is known about the most appropriate treatment of the ST. Systematic duplex ultrasonography investigation has been proposed in the initial management of ST, to detect the presence of any underlying deep vein thrombosis. Because ST may extend into the deep venous system and potentially engender pulmonary embolism, treatment with low-molecular-weight-heparins might be the best choice. In our work diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for ST, proposed by Slovak angiological society, Slovak society for vascular surgeons, Slovak dermatological society, Slovak society for haemostasis and thrombosis, Slovak surgical society and Slovak internistic society are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 19348395
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Apr 2003Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) is a frequent and potentially serious disease if complicated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Data on risk factors and incidence... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) is a frequent and potentially serious disease if complicated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Data on risk factors and incidence rates for ST are scarce. It is also unknown whether ST is a risk factor for recurrence of VTE.
METHODS
After discontinuation of secondary thromboprophylaxis for a first spontaneous VTE, we prospectively observed 615 patients on average for 30 +/- 26 months. Patients with natural coagulation inhibitor deficiency, lupus anticoagulant, or cancer, who were pregnant, or were receiving long-term antithrombotic therapy were excluded. The study outcomes were occurrence of symptomatic ST or objectively documented recurrent symptomatic VTE.
RESULTS
ST developed in 45 patients (7.3%) with a first VTE. High factor VIII concentration emerged as an independent risk factor for ST (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-5.2), compared with lower levels after adjustment for age and sex; factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A concentration; hyperhomocysteinemia; high body mass index; and duration of oral anticoagulation therapy. VTE recurred in 12 (27%) of 45 patients with ST and in 67 (12%) of 570 patients without ST. In patients with VTE, subsequent ST emerged as an independent risk factor for recurrent VTE. Patients with ST had twofold higher RR (2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2) for recurrence than did patients without ST after adjustment for putative confounding variables.
CONCLUSION
Patients with a first spontaneous VTE and subsequent ST are at increased risk for recurrent VTE. High factor VIII concentration is an independent risk factor for ST.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Factor VIII; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Observation; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Embolism; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Thromboembolism; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 12663985
DOI: 10.1067/mva.2003.157 -
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Apr 2005
Comparative Study
Topics: Anticoagulants; Belgium; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Thrombophlebitis; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 15906904
DOI: No ID Found