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Therapeutic Delivery Aug 2017Despite a long history of use for rectal and vaginal drug delivery, the current worldwide market for suppositories is limited primarily due to a lack of user... (Review)
Review
Despite a long history of use for rectal and vaginal drug delivery, the current worldwide market for suppositories is limited primarily due to a lack of user acceptability. Therefore, virtually no rational pharmaceutical development of antiviral suppositories has been performed. However, suppositories offer several advantages over other antiviral dosage forms. Current suppository designs have integrated active pharmaceutical ingredients into existing formulation designs without optimization. As such, emerging suppository development has been focused on improving upon the existing classical design to enhance drug delivery and is poised to open suppository drug delivery to a broader range of drugs, including antiretroviral products. Thus, with continuing research into rational suppository design and development, there is significant potential for antiretroviral suppository drug delivery.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Suppositories
PubMed: 28825395
DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0056 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2000
Topics: Drug Industry; Equipment Design; History, 19th Century; Suppositories
PubMed: 10925990
DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02168.x -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Jan 2007This paper considers the correct method for inserting a rectal suppository, both as a medication and also to achieve bowel evacuation. The aim is to find out whether the... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This paper considers the correct method for inserting a rectal suppository, both as a medication and also to achieve bowel evacuation. The aim is to find out whether the correct method is blunt end or pointed end foremost.
BACKGROUND
It follows from a question raised by a third year student nurse. In the classroom, she had been taught that the correct method for the administration of a suppository for systemic absorption was to insert it blunt end foremost into the rectum. However, if the suppository was to be used for evacuant purposes, it should be given pointed end foremost. In clinical practice, however, she was told the suppository should always be inserted pointed end foremost in all cases, whatever the purpose.
DESIGN
This article seeks to clarify the dilemma by examining the sources of evidence underpinning different methods for inserting a rectal suppository. Hence, the literature on the insertion of rectal suppositories was gathered as systematically as possible from medical journals and textbooks, nursing journals and textbooks and manufacturers' information to patients.
METHOD
Having gathered the literature, this was examined, appraised and critically analysed for rigour, coherence and reliability.
RESULTS
The review of the literature appears to show that evidence adduced for inserting the suppository blunt end foremost derives from one study published in the Lancet in 1991, which challenged 'commonsense'. There did not appear to be other, more recent research. On the other hand, manufacturers' information to patients states generally that the suppository should be inserted pointed end foremost. This has direct relevance for the administration of suppositories and also raises questions as to how research may become integrated into healthcare practice without adequate justification.
CONCLUSIONS
An article published in the Lancet in 1991 has had a fundamental effect on nursing practice, but has not been subject to scrutiny. The advice given in this Lancet article differs from that currently given by most manufacturers of suppositories, which involves the terms of their product licence. Hence, there is a potential for problems with legal liability should an untoward event arise.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Inserting rectal suppositories, whether as a medication or to achieve bowel evacuation, is a very common healthcare practice. Currently, there is inconsistency and discrepancy in the correct method for this procedure in both nursing education and practice. This paper examines the reliability of existing evidence and shows the need for further work in order to provide a reliable evidence base for this commonplace clinical procedure.
Topics: Drug Labeling; Education, Nursing; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Nursing; Suppositories
PubMed: 17181671
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01519.x -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Mar 2019
Topics: Administration, Rectal; Drug Therapy; Humans; Nursing Assessment; Suppositories
PubMed: 30907649
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.288 -
Nursing TimesA suppository is a medicated solid formulation prepared for insertion into the rectum to dissolve at body temperature (Moppet and Parker, 1999). The administration of a...
A suppository is a medicated solid formulation prepared for insertion into the rectum to dissolve at body temperature (Moppet and Parker, 1999). The administration of a suppository requires skill and competence on behalf of the practitioner, as well as compliance with the NMC (2004a) guidelines on the administration of medicines and local drug administration policy.
Topics: Administration, Rectal; Documentation; Drug Therapy; Humans; Nursing Assessment; Nursing Records; Patient Education as Topic; Suppositories
PubMed: 17388147
DOI: No ID Found -
Farmatsevtychnyi Zhurnal 1978
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Biopharmaceutics; Cacao; Gelatin; Glycerides; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Oils; Polyethylene Glycols; Suppositories; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 354960
DOI: No ID Found -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Apr 2020Pharmacokinetics of suppository forms of bacteriophages was studied on male Chinchilla rabbits. Suppositories with various composition of bacteriophages were...
Pharmacokinetics of suppository forms of bacteriophages was studied on male Chinchilla rabbits. Suppositories with various composition of bacteriophages were administered once per rectum to rabbits, and the presence of phage particles was estimated in the blood, urine, and feces over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the phages were detected in the blood, urine, and feces at various terms of the experiment irrespective of the size of viral particles, which confirmed the possibility of their systemic effects after rectal administration. Thus, the use of suppository form of bacteriophages can ensure the presence of phage particles even in infection foci that cannot directly contact with the preparation.
Topics: Administration, Rectal; Animals; Bacteriophages; Biological Availability; DNA, Viral; Feces; Male; Rabbits; Suppositories
PubMed: 32328936
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04794-w -
British Medical Journal May 1967
Topics: Hemorrhoids; Humans; Suppositories
PubMed: 6022040
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical... May 1950
Topics: Detergents; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Polyethylene Glycols; Suppositories
PubMed: 15421915
DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030390506 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutical... 2022Suppositories have not gained the level of acceptability, respect, and usage as most other dosage forms. Rectal administration is not often the first route of... (Review)
Review
Suppositories have not gained the level of acceptability, respect, and usage as most other dosage forms. Rectal administration is not often the first route of choice, but it becomes a good alternative when the oral route is inadvisable. Much work has been conducted in recent years on suppositories as a dosage form, as evidenced by the literature citations on suppository or suppositories. Although suppositories are not very popular as a mode of administering drugs, this dosage form will probably always have a place in medicine. Newer specialty suppository dosage forms have been developed to introduce drugs into the body, including the hollow-type suppository. Hollow-type suppositories have been investigated as a new dosage form that can be used for various purposes including but not limited to 1) enhancing the bioavailability of a drug, 2) slowing down or speeding up its onset of action, and 3) increasing or decreasing its duration of action. The flexibility of hollow-type suppositories may provide compounding pharmacists additional options for patients in the future. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the characteristics and applications of hollow-type suppositories in both research and clinical situations.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Biological Availability; Humans; Suppositories
PubMed: 35820136
DOI: No ID Found