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Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Aug 2023Pediatric brain tumors differ regarding location and histopathological features compared to those in adults. In children, 30% of pediatric brain tumors are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pediatric brain tumors differ regarding location and histopathological features compared to those in adults. In children, 30% of pediatric brain tumors are supratentorial lesions. Low-grade astrocytomas, e.g. pilocystic astrocytoma or craniopharyngioma, are the most common tumors.
IMAGING MODALITIES
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the default imaging technique that is used to evaluate the findings. Ultrasound and cranial computed tomography (CCT) accompany the imaging, although CCT is mainly used in emergency situations.
TOPICS COVERED
The following article describes the most common pediatric supratentorial brain tumors with reference to imaging criteria as well as changes in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Brain Neoplasms; Brain; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Astrocytoma; Pituitary Neoplasms
PubMed: 37306748
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01158-z -
The Neuroradiology Journal Feb 2015Intraventricular schwannoma in either infra or supratentorial location is an extremely rare tumor with less than 20 cases described in the literature to date. There is...
Intraventricular schwannoma in either infra or supratentorial location is an extremely rare tumor with less than 20 cases described in the literature to date. There is no consensus regarding the origin of this tumor. This paper describes an excised supratentorial schwannoma located on the wall of the left lateral ventricle. The relevant literature is reviewed. A 34-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with a recent episode of right focal motor seizures and weakness of the right lower extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous enhancing mass in the body of left lateral ventricle mass lesion with vasogenic edema in the adjacent brain parenchyma. The patient underwent a left frontoparietal parasagittal craniotomy with neuronavigational guidance to avoid damage to the primary motor cortex. The tumor originated from the ependymal layer and extended to the body of lateral ventricle. Complete surgical excision of the tumor was achieved. Intraventricular schwannomas are rare tumors amenable to complete surgical excision, having a good prognosis without the need for adjuvant therapy. The recognition of this benign and potentially curable neoplasm and its differentiation from other less favorable tumors is of obvious importance.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neurilemmoma; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 25924172
DOI: 10.15274/NRJ-2014-10104 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Sep 2012A prior Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trial in anaplastic oligodendroglioma suggested a progression-free survival benefit for procarbazine, lomustine,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
A prior Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trial in anaplastic oligodendroglioma suggested a progression-free survival benefit for procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy (RT), as have smaller trials in low-grade glioma (LGG).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eligibility criteria included supratentorial WHO grade 2 LGG, age 18 to 39 years with subtotal resection/biopsy, or age ≥ 40 years with any extent resection. Patients were randomly assigned to RT alone or RT followed by six cycles of PCV. Survival was compared by using the modified Wilcoxon and log-rank tests.
RESULTS
In all, 251 patients were accrued from 1998 to 2002. Median overall survival (OS) time and 5-year OS rates for RT versus RT + PCV were 7.5 years versus not reached and 63% versus 72%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR]; 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.10; P = .33; log-rank P = .13). Median progression-free survival (PFS) time and 5-year PFS rates for RT versus RT + PCV were 4.4 years versus not reached and 46% versus 63%, respectively (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.86; P = .06; log-rank P = .005). OS and PFS were similar for all patients between years 0 and 2. After 2 years, OS and PFS curves separated significantly, favoring RT + PCV. For 2-year survivors (n = 211), the probability of OS for an additional 5 years was 74% with RT + PCV versus 59% with RT alone (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.90; log-rank P = .02).
CONCLUSION
PFS but not OS was improved for adult patients with LGG receiving RT + PCV versus RT alone. On post hoc analysis, for 2-year survivors, the addition of PCV to RT conferred a survival advantage, suggesting a delayed benefit for chemotherapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Chi-Square Distribution; Disease-Free Survival; Glioma; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lomustine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Grading; Procarbazine; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vincristine; Young Adult
PubMed: 22851558
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.8598 -
International Anesthesiology Clinics 2015
Review
Topics: Anesthesia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemodynamics; Homeostasis; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Oxygen Consumption; Patient Positioning; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 25551743
DOI: 10.1097/AIA.0000000000000048 -
Journal of Neurosurgery Jun 2016OBJECT Meningioma is the most common benign intracranial tumor, and patients with supratentorial meningioma frequently suffer from seizures. The rates and predictors of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECT Meningioma is the most common benign intracranial tumor, and patients with supratentorial meningioma frequently suffer from seizures. The rates and predictors of seizures in patients with meningioma have been significantly under-studied, even in comparison with other brain tumor types. Improved strategies for the prediction, treatment, and prevention of seizures in patients with meningioma is an important goal, because tumor-related epilepsy significantly impacts patient quality of life. METHODS The authors performed a systematic review of PubMed for manuscripts published between January 1980 and September 2014, examining rates of pre- and postoperative seizures in supratentorial meningioma, and evaluating potential predictors of seizures with separate meta-analyses. RESULTS The authors identified 39 observational case series for inclusion in the study, but no controlled trials. Preoperative seizures were observed in 29.2% of 4709 patients with supratentorial meningioma, and were significantly predicted by male sex (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.30-2.34); an absence of headache (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.04-3.25); peritumoral edema (OR 7.48, 95% CI 6.13-9.47); and non-skull base location (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.04-3.25). After surgery, seizure freedom was achieved in 69.3% of 703 patients with preoperative epilepsy, and was more than twice as likely in those without peritumoral edema, although an insufficient number of studies were available for formal meta-analysis of this association. Of 1085 individuals without preoperative epilepsy who underwent resection, new postoperative seizures were seen in 12.3% of patients. No difference in the rate of new postoperative seizures was observed with or without perioperative prophylactic anticonvulsants. CONCLUSIONS Seizures are common in supratentorial meningioma, particularly in tumors associated with brain edema, and seizure freedom is a critical treatment goal. Favorable seizure control can be achieved with resection, but evidence does not support routine use of prophylactic anticonvulsants in patients without seizures. Limitations associated with systematic review and meta-analysis should be considered when interpreting these results.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Seizures; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 26636386
DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.JNS142742 -
Zhurnal Voprosy Neirokhirurgii Imeni N.... 2024Methylation analysis has become a powerful diagnostic tool in modern neurooncology. This technique is valuable to diagnose new brain tumor types. (Review)
Review
[Supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion - a new type of morphologically variable pediatric brain neoplasm defined by a distinct DNA methylation class. A case report and literature review].
BACKGROUND
Methylation analysis has become a powerful diagnostic tool in modern neurooncology. This technique is valuable to diagnose new brain tumor types.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the MRI and histological pattern of neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We present a 6-year-old patient with small right frontal intraaxial tumor causing drug resistant epilepsy. Despite indolent preoperative clinical course and MRI features suggesting glioneuronal tumor, histological evaluation revealed characteristics of high-grade glioma, ependymoma and neuroblastoma.
RESULTS
Methylation analysis of tumor DNA confirmed a new type of a recently discovered neoplasm - neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 fusion (NET PLAGL1). PCR confirmed fusion of PLAGL1 and EWSR1 genes. No seizures were observed throughout the follow-up period. There was no tumor relapse a year after surgery.
CONCLUSION
Methylation analysis in neurooncology is essential for unclear tumor morphology or divergence between histological and clinical data. In our case, this technique confirmed benign nature of tumor, and we preferred follow-up without unnecessary adjuvant treatment.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cell Cycle Proteins; DNA Methylation; Gene Fusion; Glioma; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
PubMed: 38549412
DOI: 10.17116/neiro20248802162 -
Annales de Pathologie Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms
PubMed: 36496291
DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2022.10.001 -
Seminars in Oncology Aug 2014Diffuse astrocytomas (DAs) represent less than 10% of all gliomas. They are diffusely infiltrating World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neoplasms that have a median... (Review)
Review
Diffuse astrocytomas (DAs) represent less than 10% of all gliomas. They are diffusely infiltrating World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neoplasms that have a median survival in the range of 5-7 years, generally with a terminal phase in which they undergo malignant transformation to glioblastoma (GBM). The goals of treatment in addition to prolonging survival are therefore to prevent progression and malignant transformation, as well as optimally managing symptoms, primarily tumor-associated epilepsy. Available data suggest that the course of this disease is only minimally impacted by adjuvant therapies and that there does not seem to be much difference in terms of outcome of whether patients are treated in the adjuvant setting with irradiation or chemotherapy. We review the experience with chemotherapy as a treatment modality and offer some guidelines for its usage and discuss medical management of arising symptoms.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Astrocytoma; Dacarbazine; Disease Progression; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Nitrosourea Compounds; Prognosis; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Temozolomide
PubMed: 25173138
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.06.013 -
Journal of Neurosurgery Sep 2012
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Male; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurons; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 22725980
DOI: 10.3171/2012.1.JNS112254 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Mar 2019
Topics: Adolescent; Cell Proliferation; Collagen; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Grading; Neurilemmoma; S100 Proteins; SOXE Transcription Factors; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 30081423
DOI: 10.1055/a-0657-4061